催化动力学电位法测定痕量亚硝酸根

基于稀硫酸介质中，亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化碘化钾有催化作用，用碘离子选择电跟踪I^-，建立了测定痕量亚硝酸根的催化动力学电位法。在适宜条件下，该指示反应为一级反应，反应速度可用电位的变化（ΔE）表示。当时间固定时，ΔE与亚硝酸根浓度在0－0．12mg/L范围内呈线性关系，检出限为2．0μg/L。该法用于水样中痕量亚硝酸根的测定，结果满意。     

胶束增敏催化分光光度法测定火腿肠中痕量亚硝酸根

在硫酸介质和表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）存在下,亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化亚甲基蓝的褪色反应具有催化作用,并且由于添加了SDS,体系的灵敏度明显提高,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法。亚硝酸根的质量浓度在0.02～1.0 mg·L^-1范围内与△A呈线性关系,方法的检出限（3s/k）为0.074 mg·L^-1。方法用于火腿肠中痕量亚硝酸根的测定,并做回收试验,测得回收率在98.8%～103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=5）在1.9%～2.4%之间。     

荧光动力学光度法同时测定硝酸根及亚硝酸根的研究

基于亚硝根对溴酸钾氧化罗丹明６Ｇ的催化及锌粉使硝酸根还原为亚硝酸根的原理，建立了同时测定亚硝酸根和硝酸根的荧光动力学法，用于饮用水、质控水样、饮料中硝酸根及亚硝酸根的测定，测定下限分别为０．０７４ｎｇＮＯ２＾－／ｍｌ和０．２５ｎｇＮＯ３＾－／ｍｌ。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定溶液中的硝酸根和碘离子

食品和环境样品中往往同时含有硝酸根和碘离子,用紫外分光光度法直接测定硝酸根或碘离子时,二者相互干扰。为此建立了主、次波长分别为220.0、231.5 nm的等吸收点双波长紫外分光光度法测定溶液中的硝酸根和共存的碘离子。当溶液中硝酸根的浓度在0~0.12 mmol/L的范围内,碘离子的浓度在0~0.10 mmol/L的范围内时,主、次波长下的吸光度差值A220-231.5与溶液中硝酸根的浓度 呈良好线性关系,线性方程为A220-231.5 = 2.9958 0.0016（R2 = 0.99994）;其中A220 (NO3-) = 3.6099 0.0084（R2 = 0.99994）,利用吸光度的加和性：A220 (I-) = A220 - A220 (NO3-) = 10.7394 0.0029（R2 = 0.99994）,间接得到碘离子含量 。硝酸根和碘离子的平均相对标准偏差分别为0.6%、0.2%,回收率分别为99.5~102%、99.9~100%。方法简便快捷,可用于溶液中微量硝酸根和碘离子的同时测定。     

一种新的顺序注射分析系统测定水中亚硝酸根

采用电动流动分析系统的顺序注射分析法测定了自来水中亚硝酸根含量。该系统由一台电渗泵和两个是橛三通阀组成，均由计算机控制，实现了准确，重现和自动的分析要求，测定亚硝硝态氮的线性浓度范围为0．10－0．800mg/L,检出限为1μg/L（3σ，n=11）。本方法每小时能够测定40个样品。     

氧化还原荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根

建立了碘化钾与亚硝酸根氧化还还原反应生成游离碘使异硫氰酸荧光素荧光猝灭测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法,其线性范围为25－100ug/L,回归方程为ΔF＝7．98C－10．5,r=0.990,方法的检测限为12ug/L。本法快速,灵敏,操作简便,用于水样中痕量亚硝酸根的测定,结果良好。     

分散液液微萃取-数码比色法测定环境及生物样品中亚硝酸根

研究了分散液液微萃取(DLLME)-数码比色(DC)法测定水样中的亚硝酸根.在酸性介质中,亚硝酸根和对硝基苯胺及二苯胺作用,生成红色偶氮化合物.用乙醇作分散剂,以四氯化碳为萃取剂进行分散液液微萃取,萃取液点样在薄层硅胶板上用数码相机进行数码成像.成像斑点的灰度值和亚硝酸根的浓度成正比,据此建立了测定水样中痕量亚硝酸根的新方法.对影响萃取富集效率和数码成像效果的因素进行了优化.亚硝酸根浓度在2.0～80 μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997);检出限为0.22 μg/L.方法已应用于实际水样及人体体液分析,加标回收率在97.6%～103.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.7%～3.4%之间;方法具有仪器成本低、方便快速、灵敏度高、环境友好等特点,可满足野外现场的检测要求.     

离子色谱法测量硝酸根和亚硝酸根国际比对研究

采用离子色谱法对1g/kg量级水平上CCQM-K59国际比对样品中的硝酸根和亚硝酸根校准溶液进行了准确测定。为进一步降低测定结果的不确定度、获得较高的准确度,以高纯硝酸钾和亚硝酸钠配置标准溶液。采用离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法,分别对高纯硝酸钾和亚硝酸钠试剂中的主要阴离子和无机元素杂质进行了测定,采用归一化法扣除测定杂质,获得了准确的纯度值。在配置标准溶液时,对固体样品的称量进行了浮力修正;采用单点校准法测量国际比对样品中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的含量,以括号法校正仪器漂移。比对样品中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的含量分别为1.0172 g/kg和1.0139 g/kg,测定结果的相对扩展不确定度分别为0.11%和0.13%,获得了良好的国际等效一致性,在源头上保证了我国硝酸根和亚硝酸根检测领域的量值溯源。     

尿液中麻黄碱与可待因的扫集胶束电动色谱法快速测定

采用扫集胶束毛细管电泳,建立了快速测定尿液中麻黄碱和可待因含量的方法,并通过日内、日间实验对方法的稳定性进行考察。讨论了pH值、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）浓度、分离电压、进样时间等因素的影响。建立了扫集胶束电动色谱的最佳实验条件,其中pH 2.2缓冲体系含80 mmol/L SDS,20 mmol/LNaH2PO4,18%（体积分数）乙腈,分离电压-20 kV,测量波长200 nm。在优化条件下,麻黄碱和可待因均在7 min内出峰,方法检出限（mg/L）、线性范围（mg/L）、相关系数分别为麻黄碱0.173、0.693-11.1、0.9993,可待因0.333、1.33-16.0、0.9993,应用于实际样品测定,回收率为94%-108%,RSD不大于3.5%。峰面积日内RSD不大于6.3%（n=5）,日间RSD不大于9.3%（n=5）。     

甲基橙褪色光度法快速测定食品中亚硝酸根含量

基于在室温下HOAc介质中亚硝酸能使甲基橙褪色的原理,建立了测定亚硝酸根的快速褪色光度方法。通过正交试验优化了方法的测定条件,在最佳条件下,方法的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为4ε16=1.1×104L.mol-1.cm-1,5ε06=5.2×104L.mol-1.cm-1;线性范围及回归方程分别为5.0~600.0 mg.L-1、ΔA416=0.000 344 6c+0.002 23、r=0.999 6(416 nm);1.0~300.0 mg.L-1、ΔA506=0.000 147c+0.021 02、r=0.985 3(506 nm);检出限为5.0 mg.L-1(416 nm)1、.0 mg.L-1(506 nm)。用于食物中亚硝酸根的测定,RSD为0.2%~4.2%,加标回收率在98%~103%。经t检验,其测定结果与国标GB/T 5009.33-1996方法的测定结果一致。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.