四羧基金属酞菁负载纤维素纤维的制备及其消臭性能研究

合成了四羧基铁酞菁(Fe-CPc)和四羧基钴酞菁(Co-CPc),并对其进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征.在酸性条件下,将四羧基金属酞菁负载到改性纤维素纤维上,制备得到消臭纤维.实验结果表明,在室温条件下,四羧基铁酞菁消臭纤维(FePcF)、四羧基钴酞菁消臭纤维(CoPcF)和混合金属酞菁消臭纤维(CoFePcF)3种功能性纤维都能有效去除甲硫醇、硫化氢、氨气和三甲胺,甲硫醇和硫化氢按催化氧化机理除去,而氨气和三甲胺按酸碱中和机理除去;3种消臭纤维对甲硫醇和硫化氢的消臭效果为CoFePcF>CoPcF>FePcF.     

四磺基铝酞菁与爱尔新蓝的缔合作用在核酸定量中的应用

阴离子荧光染料四磺基铝酞菁与阳离子荧光染料爱尔新蓝的缔合作用 ,使四磺基铝酞菁发生荧光猝灭 ,而当核酸存在时 ,染料缔合平衡受到影响而导致四磺基铝酞菁的荧光恢复。根据这一原理 ,建立了核酸定量测定的新方法。方法具有很高的灵敏度和较好的选择性 ,其线性范围为 0～ 2 0 0 μg/L ;检测限分别为 1.8μg/L(SMDNA)、2 .0 μg/L(CTDNA)、5 .4μg/L(酵母RNA)。将方法用于实际样品金黄色葡萄球菌中DNA含量的测定 ,获得满意结果     

四磺化铁酞菁-阿尔新蓝8GX-对-羟基苯乙酸-H2O2催化荧光反应体系在核酸定量中的应用

阳离子荧光染料阿尔新蓝8GX与阴离子荧光染料四磺化铁酞菁发生缔合作用，使四磺化铁酞菁的荧光猝灭，当核酸存在时，削弱了离子缔合作用使四磺化铁酞菁的荧光恢复。荧光增强的程度与核酸的量成线性关系，据此实现了对核酸的定量测定。     

β-CD-FeC4Pc包合物模拟酶催化氧化苯酚测定H2O2

研究了四羧基铁酞菁( FeC4pc)与β-环糊精(β-CD)形成的包合物作为过氧化物模拟酶对H2 O2 -苯酚-4-氨基安替比林(4-AAP)显色体系的催化特性和反应条件.试验表明,体系在pH 11的Britton-Robinson( B-R)缓冲溶液中于496nm波长处有最大吸收,吸光度与H2 O2含量成比例关系,线...     

硫代核苷类似物合成研究进展

4′-硫代核苷类似物是核糖环中的氧原子被硫原子取代的核苷类似物。许多硫代核苷具有良好的抗病毒和抗肿瘤活性。4′-硫代核苷具有更稳定的糖基键和针对各种病毒或细胞酶的代谢稳定性的提升等固有优点。因此,对硫代核苷类似物的设计与合成,筛选出安全有效的抗病毒试剂应受到更多药物化学家们的关注,本文综述了近年来硫代核苷的合成研究进展。     

甲磺基铝酞菁与爱尔新蓝的缔合作用在核酸定量中的应用

阴离子荧光染料四磺基铝酞菁与阳离子荧光染料爱尔新蓝的缔合作用，使四磺基铝酞菁发生荧光猝灭，而当核酸存在时，染料缔合平衡受到影响而导致四磺基铝酞菁的荧光恢复。根据这一原理，建立了核酸定量测定的新方法。方法具有很高的灵敏度和较好的选择性，其线性范围为0-200цg/L；检测限分别为1.8цg/L(SMDNA)、2.0цg/L(CTDNA)、5.4цg/L（酵母RNA）。将方法用于实际样品金黄色葡萄球菌中DNA含量的测定，获得满意结果。     

新荧光试剂双(2-苯并噻唑重氮氨基)-3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯的合成及其分析应用

将3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺和苯并噻唑类试剂结合, 并引入杂环三氮烯结构, 合成了新荧光试剂双(2-苯并噻唑重氮氨基) 3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯(BBTDTMB), 其结构经红外光谱、 核磁共振谱和元素分析证实. 研究结果表明, 在碱性介质中, 该试剂在λex/λem=342 nm/420 nm处产生强荧光, 并且Ag(Ⅰ)对其荧光有很好的猝灭作用, 因而建立了BBTDTMB测定Ag(Ⅰ) 的新荧光分析方法. 该方法的线性范围为1.0～240 μg/L, 检测限为 0.5 μg/L, 应用于人发、 茶叶中的Ag(Ⅰ) 的测定, 结果令人满意.     

不同比例的s-BPDA/i-BPDA型聚酰亚胺共聚结构与性能关系

由不同比例的二酐单体3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(s-BPDA)/2,2′,3,3′-联苯四酸二酐(i-BPDA)与二胺单体4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(4,4′-ODA)制得了一系列共聚可溶聚酰亚胺. 采用DSC 、TGA和拉伸等测试方法对所得共聚聚酰亚胺进行了表征, 实验结果表明, 所得聚酰亚胺具有优异的力学性能和热稳定性, 并且随着i-BPDA含量的增加, 聚酰亚胺的溶解性提高, 玻璃化转变温度(Tg)升高, 中间体聚酰胺酸的固有黏度降低.     

2,7,12,17-四(甲硫基)-3,8,13,18-四(苯甲酰硫基)四氮杂卟啉及其Mg(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与表征

硫杂酞菁、含硫取代基的四氮杂卟啉及其金属配合物由于具有优异的光、电及催化性能而日益受到重视.据此,我们以自制的1-甲硫基-2-苯甲酰硫基马来二腈(MBM)为原料,合成了2,7,12,17-四(甲硫基)-3,8,13,18-四(苯甲酸硫基)四氮杂卟啉H_2T(mbm)TAP及其Mg(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物MT(mbm)TAP,经IR、UV-Vis和DTA等进行了表征.     

纸基微孔阵列芯片比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶

利用纸基微芯片便捷、直观的优势,采用吩嗪二甲酯硫酸盐(PMS)/氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)显色体系,借助凝胶成像仪和普通照相机两种成像方式,建立了纸基微孔阵列芯片比色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的方法。在最佳实验条件下,显色强度与LDH浓度呈线性相关。采用凝胶成像仪检测时,线性范围为10~150 U/L,检出限(3σ)为9.44 U/L(n=18)。采用照相法获得的线性范围为15~150 U/L,检出限(3σ)为12.36 U/L(n=18)。实验表明,人血清白蛋白(HSA)对显色结果具有增强作用,探讨了HSA的增色作用,并以HSA为增强试剂得到工作曲线。基于纸基微孔阵列芯片的LDH活性测定方法具有操作简单、结果直观可见、灵敏度高等优点,对于脱氢酶类的便捷检测有一定参考价值,可望在生物医疗检测领域获得应用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。