两种四氨基锌酞菁异构体的简易合成及其表征

分别从4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺和3-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐出发,经过两步反应,不经色层分离,制得了纯净的2,9,16,23-四氨基锌酞菁和1,8,15,22-四氨基锌酞菁两种异构体.对所合成的产物进行了质谱、¹HNMR及紫外可见光谱表征.结果表明,两种异构体在其DMF溶液中有二聚现象,其分子上的氨基不易氧化.前者分子上的氨基动力学稳定性强,后者分子上的氨基热力学稳定性强,且后者分子中存在分子内氢键.     

两种四苯甲亚胺基酞菁锌(Ⅱ)的合成及其紫外可见光谱的研究

从两种氨基酞菁锌出发，经一步反应，合成出了两种四苯甲亚胺基酞菁锌(Ⅱ)，并对合成的产物进行了质谱、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱表征．对合成产物的紫外可见光谱，从取代基与酞菁(Pc)大环之间的共轭形式、空间位阻效应、溶剂效应等几方面进行了分析，并与相应氨基酞菁化合物的紫外可见光谱进行了比较．发现外围(2，9，16，23位)取代产物2a的取代基R与Pc大环有较强的π-Ⅱ共轭，内围(1，8，15，22)取代产物2b的取代基R与Pc大环有较强的sp^2-Ⅱ共轭．     

2,5-二(2-羟乙氨基)-1,4-苯醌合成方法的改进

以对苯二酚和乙醇胺为原料,直接合成2,5-二(2-羟乙氨基)-1,4-苯醌,并对产物进行红外、紫外、质谱及核磁表征.采用正交设计法对实验条件进行优化,乙醇为溶剂,对苯二酚和乙醇胺物质的量比为1∶5,在50℃下,反应2h,最高产率达到72.8%.产物为针状晶体,纯度较高.     

四氨基取代金属酞菁的光谱分析

对几种四氨基取代金属酞菁的质谱、紫外可见光谱、1HNMR谱等进行了分析,对它们的二聚现象、氨基的氧化稳定性、热力学转动稳定性和共轭稳定性(分子内氢键)进行了研究.结果表明,它们在强极性溶剂(DMF)中有二聚倾向,其分子中氨基的抗氧化性较强;外围(2位取代)氨基金属酞菁a1～a4分子上的氨基以热力学转动稳定状态为主,外围(1位取代)氨基金属酞菁b1～b4分子上的氨基以分子内氢键的形式存在,以热力学共轭稳定状态为主.     

侧链含酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺的制备与性能研究

以酞菁铜、氯磺酸和氯化亚砜为原料合成酞菁铜磺酰氯,并将其与本征态聚苯胺进行反应,合成了侧链悬挂酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺(PAnCuPc).用元素分析、红外光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物和反应中间体进行了结构表征.PAnCuPc可溶于强极性非质子溶剂.如NMP,DMF,DMSO和DMAc,甚至在常用的低沸点溶剂如THF和三氯甲烷中也有一定的溶解性.红外光谱研究表明,与本征态聚苯胺相比,侧链含酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺的吸收峰向低频方向移动.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,侧链悬挂酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺在可见光区和近红外区都具有较强的吸收.透射电镜和X射线衍射研究表明,该产物具有较强的结晶性能.     

三氯化钛水溶液与氨基酮在碱性介质中的反应

氨基醇具有一定的镇静生理活性,通常由氨基酮还原制得。β-或α-氨基酮经Al-Hg齐和电化学还原可得到相应的二氨基听呐醇,然而,此法操作不便,产率很低,又具有毒性。我们以甲醇为溶剂,用9种氨基酮盐酸盐1与15％的三氯化钛水溶液在碱性条件和Ar气保护下反应,得到相应的双分子还原产物——二氨基(口片)呐醇,并分离出dl-和meso-异构体。     

单分散的还原态和中间氧化态聚苯胺齐聚物的合成与紫外光谱研究

提出了一条合成苯胺齐聚物的新路线:由高氧化态的苯胺四聚体与二苯胺或N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺反应合成苯基封端的苯胺五聚体和六聚体,用红外、质谱、核磁共振、基底辅助激光解吸质谱(MALDI-MS)进行了表征.提出一条可能的机理,即高氧化态的苯胺四聚体与二苯胺或N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺在酸性溶液中混合时,四聚体、二苯胺和N-苯基-1,4-对苯二胺的分子中均形成阳离子自由基,四聚体的阳离子自由基与后二者的阳离子自由基耦合形成苯胺五聚体和六聚体.还原态的苯胺齐聚物氧化成中间氧化态的苯胺齐聚物,使用硫酸铵和六水和三氯化铁等氧化剂能打断苯胺五聚体和六聚体的分子链.实验发现,氧化银是将还原态苯胺齐聚物氧化成中间氧化态的齐聚物的最好的氧化剂.用紫外可见光谱对中间氧化态的五聚体和六聚体进行了研究,对其分子中醌环的数目进行了讨论.     

四邻苯二甲酰亚胺基金属酞菁的合成及其性质研究

从氨基酞菁出发，合成它们的衍生物——四邻苯二甲酰亚胺基金属(Cu^Ⅱ和Co^Ⅱ)酞菁，并对相关化合物进行了质谱、紫外可见光谱、红外光谱表征．其紫外可见光谱中Q带有分裂现象．实现了以氨基酞菁为前体物质进行衍生化的合成实验，讨论了取代基的大小、结构、取代位置及酞菁环中心金属的差异对其Q带分裂现象的影响。     

氨基卟啉共价化学修饰多壁碳纳米管

合成了5-(4-氨基)苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉及其铜配合物, 通过化学键将氨基卟啉与活化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)发生酰胺化反应, 从而得到卟啉有机共价化学修饰的多壁碳纳米管的复合物. 通过红外光谱对产物的化学结构进行了表征, 证实了复合物体系中酰胺反应的发生. 紫外可见光吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析确定了卟啉与多壁碳纳米管间存在强烈的电子效应. 通过透射电镜(TEM)观察了产物的形貌特征, 发现碳纳米管壁上连接上了氨基卟啉小分子, 进一步证实了酰胺化反应的发生.     

碳酸二甲酯法制备1,5-萘二氨基甲酸甲酯中间产物的结构表征

研究发现,由碳酸二甲酯与1,5-萘二胺合成1,5-萘二氨基甲酸甲酯的反应是一个经过中间产物的串联反应。关于这个中间产物,在目前现有的各种文献中未见报道。本文利用萃取、结晶等分离手段提纯出了该中间产物,并通过质谱、元素分析、红外光谱以及核磁共振谱等分析方法对其组成和结构进行了测定,结果表明该中间产物的分子量为216,组成为C12H12N2O2,结构为5-氨基-萘基-1-氨基甲酸甲酯。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。