Nonexistence of global solutions to new ordinary differential inequality and applications to nonlineardispersive equations

A new ordinary differential inequality without global solutions is proposed. Comparison with similar differential inequalities in the well‐known concavity method is performed. As an application, finite time blow up of the solutions to nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation and generalized Boussinesq equation is proven. The initial energy is arbitrary high positive. The structural conditions on the initial data generalize the assumptions used in the literature for the time being. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magneto-Galvanic Resonances in Hollow Cathode Discharge Lamps

The galvanic behavior of a hollow cathode discharge versus an external weak magnetic field is investigated. The application of this field leads to disordering of the self-aligned states, which is detected as a resonance in the discharge current, named the magneto-galvanic signal. A correlation magneto-galvanic signal–operating voltage-current point is established and attributed to Penning ionization. The contribution of the metastable Ne I 1 s₅ to the magneto-galvanic resonance is also verified.     

Reversible pH-Responsive Coacervate Formation in Lipid Vesicles Activates Dormant Enzymatic Reactions

In situ, reversible coacervate formation within lipid vesicles represents a key step in the development of responsive synthetic cellular models. Herein, we exploit the pH responsiveness of a polycation above and below its pK_a, to drive liquid–liquid phase separation, to form single coacervate droplets within lipid vesicles. The process is completely reversible as coacervate droplets can be disassembled by increasing the pH above the pK_a. We further show that pH-triggered coacervation in the presence of low concentrations of enzymes activates dormant enzyme reactions by increasing the local concentration within the coacervate droplets and changing the local environment around the enzyme. In conclusion, this work establishes a tunable, pH responsive, enzymatically active multi-compartment synthetic cell. The system is readily transferred into microfluidics, making it a robust model for addressing general questions in biology, such as the role of phase separation and its effect on enzymatic reactions using a bottom-up synthetic biology approach.     

Study of the Process $${e}^{{+}}{e}^{{-}}{\to}{\eta\pi}^{{0}}{\gamma}$$ in the Cossision-Energy Range of $$\sqrt{{s}}{=}{1.05{-}2.00}$$ GeV

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The process $$e^{+}e^{-}\to\eta\pi^{0}\gamma$$ is studied in the range of center-of-mass (c.m.) collision energies between 1.05 and 2.00 GeV on the basis of data...     

Measurement of the Cross Section for the Process $${e^{+}e^{-}}{\to}{K}^{{+}}{K}^{{-}}{\pi}^{{0}}$$ with the SND Detector at Collision Energies of $$\sqrt{{s}}{=}{1.3{-}2.0}$$ GeV in the Center-of-Mass Frame

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - In an experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $$e^{+}e^{-}$$ collider, the cross sections for the processes $$e^{+}e^{-}\to K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{0}$$ and...     

MaxSynBio: Avenues Towards Creating Cells from the Bottom Up

A large German research consortium mainly within the Max Planck Society (“MaxSynBio”) was formed to investigate living systems from a fundamental perspective. The research program of MaxSynBio relies solely on the bottom‐up approach to synthetic biology. MaxSynBio focuses on the detailed analysis and understanding of essential processes of life through modular reconstitution in minimal synthetic systems. The ultimate goal is to construct a basic living unit entirely from non‐living components. The fundamental insights gained from the activities in MaxSynBio could eventually be utilized for establishing a new generation of biotechnological processes, which would be based on synthetic cell constructs that replace the natural cells currently used in conventional biotechnology.     

Numerical simulation of critical dependences for symmetric two-layered Josephson junctions

Partial critical dependences of the form current-magnetic field in a two-layered symmetric Josephson junction are modeled. A numerical experiment shows that, for the zero interaction coefficient between the layers of the junction, jumps of the critical currents corresponding to different distributions of the magnetic fluxes in the layers may appear on the critical curves. This fact allows a mathematical interpretation of the results of some recent experimental results for two-layered junctions as a consequence of discontinuities of partial critical curves.     

Laser action ofnd 8(n + 1)s 2 −nd 9(n + 1)p transitions in HgIII,Cull and AgII

A mechanism of the laser action of 5d ⁸ 6s ² –5d ⁹ 6p HgIII transitions is proposed. The explanation is based on atomic constants of the transitions and the predominant role of direct electron excitation of the upper laser level. The kinetic models of electron beam and hollow cathode discharge sources are calculated. The theoretical estimations are compared with experimental data and possible laser transitions are also proposed. The role of electron impact excitation in the formation of inverse population for two-electron transitions in CuII and AgII obtained in hollow cathode discharges is discussed.     

Novel method for measuring the adhesion energy of vesicles

Adhering vesicles with osmotically stabilized volume are studied with Monte Carlo simulations and optical microscopy. The simulations are used to determine the dependence of the adhesion area on the vesicle volume, the surface area, the bending rigidity, the adhesion energy per membrane area, and the adhesion potential range. The simulation results lead to a simple functional expression that is supplemented by a correction term for gravity effects. The obtained equation provides a new tool to analyze optical microscopy data and, thus, to measure the adhesion energy per area by analyzing the geometry of the adhering vesicle. The method can be applied in the weak and ultra-weak adhesion regime, where the adhesion energy per area is below 10(-6) J/m(2). By comparing the shapes of adhering vesicles with different reduced volumes, the bending rigidity can be estimated as well. The new approach is applied to experimental data for lipid vesicles on (i) an untreated and (ii) a monolayer-coated glass surface, providing ultra-weak and weak adhesion strength, respectively.     

Measurement of the relative probability of the decay φ → η′γ in the channel η′ → ηπ0π0, η → γγ

The process e ⁺ e ^? → η′γ, η′ → η π⁰π⁰, η → γγ is investigated by an SND detector in experiment on a VEPP-2M equipment with colliding electron-positron beams. The analysis of experimental data yields a value of B(? → η′γ)=(6.7 _?4.2 ^+5.0 ±1.5)×10^?5 for the decay probability. Taking into account a previous measurement of this quantity by an SND detector in the decay channel η′ → π⁺π^?η, one finally obtains B(?→η ′γ)=(6.7 _?2.4 ^+2.8 ±0.8)×10^?5.