Measurements of aerosol distribution by an elastic-backscatter lidar in summer 2008 in Beijing

Elastic lidar observations of profiles of the aerosol extinction, backscattering coefficients, and the lidar ratio have been performed in Beijing. The elastic lidar transmitts wavelengths of 532 and 355 nm. The measurement altitude can reach up to 6 km. The similarity of the extinction and baekscattering profiles suggests a close relation between the mean transmission and reflection properties. The lidar ratio on July 22, 2008 varied from 10 to 30 sr with the mean value of 20 sr. The profiles of the aerosol properties indicate the cirrus at 6 km altitude and a well-mixed boundary layer from July 22 to 24, 2008. The detected boundary layer also agrees well with the high and stable ozone concentration obtained from the differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system.     

TDLAS氧气测量系统中激光器调谐性能测试与优化

TDLAS(可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱)技术以其分子光谱高选择性、速度快、灵敏度高、非接触测量等难以取代的优势,成为燃烧过程诊断等应用的首选,可以有效用于氧气测量。DFB(分布反馈)半导体激光器以其体积小、功耗低、寿命长、线宽窄、波长可调谐等优点成为TDLAS系统的主要选择,而其调谐特性是制约系统测量性能的关键因素。根据TDLAS氧气测量系统工作要求,采用一种简单易行的实验方法对系统中用到的764 nm DFB激光器的电流波长、温度波长和电流功率等重要调谐特性进行了测试和分析,发现出射光谱窄线宽、高边模抑制比和宽波长可调谐范围等特点明显,电流波长调谐曲线近似但并非严格线性、调谐速率约0.023 nm·mA-1,温度越高阈值电流越大、PI曲线也并非严格线性,温度调谐特性曲线线性较好、波长温度调谐速率基本保持恒定约为0.056 nm·℃-1。可见各种调谐曲线的非线性失真比较明显,影响氧气测量精度。温度调谐非线性可以通过温控精度的提高来消除,电流功率调谐非线性可以通过设置参考光强来消除。为了进一步解决电流波长调谐非线性问题,根据DFB半导体激光器的调谐机理和电流波长测试结果的多项式拟合,考虑通过DA控制注入电流的方式对电流波长调谐非线性进行补偿。这种方法针对不同激光器只需在系统初次工作之前进行一次多项式拟合,方案合理、实现简单且不影响测量过程。实验证明,补偿之后的λI曲线线性拟合残差小于1 pm,远小于补偿前的22 pm,效果明显,为氧气各种参数TDLAS精确测量和反演提供了依据。     

Atomosphere boundary layer height determination and observation from ceilometer measurements over Hefei during the total solar on July 22,2009 eclipse

<正>Using an improved inflexion point method(IIPM),we investigate atmosphere boundary layer(ABL) height evolution over Hefei during the total solar eclipse on July 22,2009.A lidar ceilometer is used in ground-based observations.Estimations of ABL heights before,during,and after the solar eclipse are analyzed using the IIPM.Results indicate that the IIPM,which is less sensitive to background noise,is more suitable in detecting ABL height and temporal evolution.Data demonstrate that the total solar eclipse resultes in a decrease in ABL height,indicating a suppression of turbulence activity,similar to that observed during the sunset hours.Changes in ABL height are associated with a slow change in temperature,indicating a significant weakening of penetrative convection and a time lag between ABL response and the reduction in solar radiation.     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱二次谐波信号的模拟与分析

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)作为近年来发展起来的一种气体检测技术,具有高分辨率、高灵敏度和快速测量等特点。波长调制光谱信号的二次谐波分量常作为检测信号,用于气体浓度信息的反演。利用MATLAB中的可视化建模仿真平台Simulink,模拟了基于TDLAS的波长调制光谱信号,利用锁相放大原理提取二次谐波分量。采用数字锁相,正交双通道结构实现锁相算法。通过比较不同调制系数下二次谐波信号的变化情况,分析了二次谐波信号与调制系数的关系,以便确定最佳参数,用于二次谐波的提取。     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法

基于希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)和Savitzky-Golay滤波,提出了一种结合HHT时频分析的半导体激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法.该方法在对云高仪后向散射信号的噪声特性及传统去噪方法的缺陷进行研究的基础上,选择截止分量阶一定的自适应时变时空滤波器组(TFB)结构并辅助Savitzky-Golay滤波抑制噪声,最后利...     

1T-NbSeTe电子结构的角分辨光电子能谱

过渡金属二硫族化物因其广泛存在超导、电荷密度波等新奇的物理现象成为了近些年来凝聚态物理研究中的一大热点,同时这也为研究超导和电荷密度波等电子序之间的相互作用提供了典型的材料体系.本文利用角分辨光电子能谱对1T结构的NbSeTe单晶进行系统的研究,揭示了其电子结构.沿高对称方向的能带测量发现, 1T-NbSeTe布里渊区M点附近存在一个范霍夫奇点,能量位于费米能以下约250 meV处.对能带色散的仔细分析发现该体系中没有明显电子-玻色子(声子)耦合带来的能带扭折.基于上述实验结果,对过渡金属二硫族化物中电荷密度波和超导的产生以及1T-NbSeTe中电荷密度波和超导被抑制的可能原因进行了讨论.     

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱氧气测量中的导数光谱处理与浓度反演算法研究

氧气是发动机燃烧过程的必需成分,在飞行器进气道进行氧气监测需求迫切。针对飞行器上的工程要求和应用特点,设计了一种波长线性扫描可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)短光程系统结合有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波二阶导数谱算法的方案完成了氧气吸收微弱信号的提取和浓度反演。根据TDLAS工作原理和吸收信号特征,对二阶导数谱用于气体浓度反演的理论依据进行了推导,在此基础上提出一种基于FIR的数字滤波方案来完成吸收信号的噪声滤除和二阶导数谱的提取。实验结果证明,该方案简单易行,提高了检测信噪比,降低了检测限,浓度反演结果准确、线性良好。     

基于可调谐半导体激光器吸收光谱的温度测量方法研究

介绍了基于半导体激光器作光源的吸收光谱测温技术研究和开发集成的系统,利用H₂O在1.4μm附近的吸收线对的线强比值来反演温度.介绍了该系统在实验室管式高温上的标定和开放炉管的测量验证,结果显示各设置温度下测量温度波动平均在50 K左右.之后在CH₄/空气预混平焰炉上进行进一步验证,发现在吸收线7153.7 cm^-1长波一侧出现了HITRAN08中未给出的几条H₂O吸收和该吸收线重叠.HITEMP中在这些波长上有对应的吸收线给出,但对另一条选用的吸收7154.354 cm^-1,给出的可对应吸收线中心频率和测量不一致.根据实验测量结果和HITRAN/HIlTEMP的对比,对选择吸收线对的位置和线强等参数继续采用实验室标定结果,并引入HlTEMP中给出的这些高温下表现出来的吸收线参数,在平焰炉不同当量比状态下做了测量对比.     

Electronic structure,Dirac points and Fermi arc surface states in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Na_3Bi from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

The three-dimensional(3D) Dirac semimetals have linearly dispersive 3D Dirac nodes where the conduction band and valence band are connected. They have isolated 3D Dirac nodes in the whole Brillouin zone and can be viewed as a 3D counterpart of graphene. Recent theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the 3D Dirac semimetal state can be realized in a simple stoichiometric compound A_3Bi(A = Na, K, Rb). Here we report comprehensive high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission(ARPES) measurements on the two cleaved surfaces,(001) and(100), of Na_3Bi. On the(001) surface, by comparison with theoretical calculations, we provide a proper assignment of the observed bands, and in particular, pinpoint the band that is responsible for the formation of the three-dimensional Dirac cones. We observe clear evidence of 3D Dirac cones in the three-dimensional momentum space by directly measuring on the k_x–k_y plane and by varying the photon energy to get access to different out-of-plane k_zs. In addition, we reveal new features around the Brillouin zone corners that may be related with surface reconstruction. On the(100) surface, our ARPES measurements over a large momentum space raise an issue on the selection of the basic Brillouin zone in the(100) plane. We directly observe two isolated 3D Dirac nodes on the(100) surface. We observe the signature of the Fermi-arc surface states connecting the two 3D Dirac nodes that extend to a binding energy of ~150 me V before merging into the bulk band. Our observations constitute strong evidence on the existence of the Dirac semimetal state in Na_3Bi that are consistent with previous theoretical and experimental work. In addition, our results provide new information to clarify on the nature of the band that forms the3 D Dirac cones, on the possible formation of surface reconstruction of the(001) surface, and on the issue of basic Brillouin zone selection for the(100) surface.     

高温超导体的电子结构研究

高温超导的机理是凝聚态物理研究中的一个核心问题。为了揭示超导如何发生,一个直接的手段就是观测高温超导材料内部电子结构的演变。本文主要综述运用角分辨光电子能谱(ARPES)及共振X-射线散射对铜氧化物高温超导体及铁基超导体展开的研究。重点介绍对铜氧化物高温超导体Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ),YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)/La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_3异质结以及SrTiO_3衬底上生长的FeSe薄膜的研究。最后作者对高温超导电子结构研究的现状进行了总结与展望。