1.39 μm附近H2O谱线参数测量及其在燃烧动力学中的应用

将可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术应用于高温气体浓度在线检测,谱线参数的准确性非常重要。为利用红外波段进行燃烧生成H₂O的浓度在线测量,需要实验校准H₂O的谱线参数,尤其是Ar加宽系数,该系数对燃烧反应速率测量和机理验证至关重要。采用半导体激光器作为光源,结合实验室搭建的谱线参数测量系统,采集了1.39 μm波段附近H₂O的4条吸收谱线信号,获得了谱线线强、自加宽系数和N₂加宽系数,与HITRAN数据库和文献结果进行了对比,均吻合较好。首次系统地获得了该波段谱线的Ar加宽系数。在谱线参数确定基础上,获得了在反射激波高温条件下H₂/O₂/Ar燃烧生成H₂O的浓度随时间的演变曲线,验证了相应燃烧动力学机理。结果为利用该波段进行含氢燃料燃烧过程H₂O浓度测量及相关高温燃烧动力学研究提供了可靠的实验依据。     

基于二维吸收光谱重建的数值迭代算法的比较

基于可调谐激光吸收光谱的二维温度和浓度分布重建对于燃烧诊断具有重要意义,而数值迭代算法在温度和组分浓度的重建中起着重要作用。通过对比发现自适应迭代算法和最小二乘QR分解算法对于重建二维温度和气体浓度分布具有很好的优势。研究表明,波长7 154.35, 7 153.75, 7 185.60和7 444.36 cm^-1四条H₂O的吸收谱线,非常适合测量高温预混火焰中的温度和水蒸气浓度分布。与7 444.36, 7 185.60, 7 154.35和7 153.75 cm^-1处的吸收谱线相比,CO₂和CH₄的光谱吸光非常微弱,在该波段O₂和CO基本没有吸收,因此燃烧环境中CO₂, CH₄, O₂和CO等气体对于H₂O吸收谱线基本没有影响。通过比较不同算法的最优松弛因子、计算时间和重建误差等,发现与最小二乘QR分解算法相比,自适应迭代算法具有更好的重建质量和更短的计算时间。在自...     

基于单一量子级联激光器的大气多组分气体（CO、N2O、H2O）同时测量方法

近红外波段的气体吸收强度低,不利于痕量气体的测量。利用分子在中红外波段的基频吸收特性,使用单个新型室温连续输出量子级联激光器（CW-QCL）结合波长调制光谱技术（WMS）和长程光学吸收池,建立了一套高灵敏度和高精度的大气多组分温室气体同时检测的激光光谱系统。该系统的输出波数范围为2202.8～2205.6 cm^-1,覆盖了CO、N₂O和H₂O的中心吸收谱线。实验测试结果表明：在1 s的时间分辨率下,CO、N₂O和H₂O的测量精度分别为1.83×10^-8,1.86×10^-9,1.19×10^-4;当满足最佳积分时间（100 s）时,系统的最低检测限可以达到1.8×10^-9（CO）,0.16×10^-9（N₂O）,1.5×10^-5（H₂O）。通过长时间测量和分析可知,所提系统部件简单,使用方便,满足大气多组分气体...     

3Cu(IO3)2·2H2O晶体的电子结构研究

本文测定了3Cu(IO₃)₂·2H₂O球晶的电子吸收光谱,吸收峰位于9140cm^-1和15250cm^-1。首次观察到了高达6110cm^-1的低对称晶场分裂。吸收曲线经Gauss分解可得到八个Gauss型吸收峰,分别位于8590,10690,10870,12190,13500,14510,15330和16500cm^-1。测量其EPR谱可得g=2.141±0 关键词：     

双金属粒子在光–氢转换中的作用分析

本文采用两步阳极氧化法在TiO₂纳米环/管阵列表面负载Ag、Cu纳米粒子,与单金属修饰样品对比分析得到双金属对TiO₂光电响应和电极/电解液界面性质的影响。同时,XPS、UV-Vis和U-t测试表明AgCu-TiO₂光阳极金属抗氧化性强、可见光吸收好、光生电子寿命长,光电流密度达0.76 mA·cm^-2,对应产氢速率376μL·h^-1·cm^-2。对AgCu-TiO₂/H₂O、Ag-TiO₂/H₂O和Cu-TiO₂/H₂O体系进行分子动力学模拟计算,双金属体系相对较宽的耗尽层可促进光生电子–空穴分离、转移。最终结合热力学、动力学分析得到双金属修饰TiO₂光阳极的电子传输路径。     

基于室温脉冲量子级联激光器的NO气体检测中的光谱处理方法研究

报导了采用基于室温脉冲量子级联激光器的脉内光谱检测技术,利用中心波长为1904 cm^-1的量子级联激光器,在实验室对NO气体样品进行检测的研究结果. 针对单线直接吸收光谱反演算法进行了研究,介绍了基线拟合的最小二乘算法以获取其吸光度,根据HITRAN数据库中相应吸收谱线的吸收线强,采用扫描积分实现了气体浓度的反演,避免了标气标定造成的误差及污染;通过拟合残差分析得到了系统的检测限,达到34×10^-6 m. 关键词： 量子级联激光器 中红外 多项式拟合 扫描积分     

基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术的预混火焰重建算法比较

燃煤锅炉发电会产生大量的污染气体,本文基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术,结合层析成像技术,对预混火焰的温度和浓度进行重建,通过这些参数来调节锅炉运行的工况,以此来减少污染气体的排放和提高能源利用率。经过谱线分析,文章选择在7148.8～7151cm^-1附近选取2条适合高温重建H₂O的吸收谱线(7149.058cm^-1和7150.4716cm^-1),通过采取自适应迭代算法、BP-神经网络算法和卷积神经网络算法,对不同的温度场和浓度场进行模拟重建。研究发现,卷积神经网络算法在重建精度和稳定性方面都优于其他两种算法。为了探究误差对于重建结果的影响,通过添加随机误差发现,误差对于卷积神经网络算法影响较小,温度和浓度重建精度高。为了验证卷积神经网络算法的可行性,文章选取了不同的燃烧工况进行了重建对比。研究表明,卷积神经网络算法重建图像趋于平缓,与实际燃烧情况更加符合,该研究也证明了卷积神经网络算法在燃烧场重建方面的优势和可行性。     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱的H2O分子光谱参数测量研究

气体分子吸收谱线的光谱参数是影响吸收光谱测量精度的重要因素,分子光谱数据库中收录的光谱参数大都具有较大的不确定度,用以测量气体温度等参数时会产生较大的测量误差。为了获得可用于燃烧场诊断的H₂O谱线的光谱参数,采用时分复用技术,在温度、压强和H₂O组分浓度可控的环境中对1.4 μm附近的吸收光谱开展了研究。对7 185.60和7 454.45 cm-1两条H₂O谱线的线强度、展宽系数及其温度指数等光谱参数进行测量,实验结果表明,两条谱线的线强度测量值与数据库中的值偏差分别小于2.61%和4.65%,不确定度都小于4%。     

聚噻吩中双电子极化子附近的二维局域振动模

将聚噻吩的一维SSH孤子模型推广到二维平面,研究了聚噻吩双电子极化子附近的二维局域振动模.计算结果表明双电子极化子附近存在15个局域振动模,其中4个奇宇称模与4条强红外吸收谱线1020,1120,1200,1323cm^-1相对应,4个偶宇称模恰与4条Raman吸收峰700,1047,1175,1220cm^-1一致. 关键词：     

1.573μm处CO_2高温谱线参数研究

在吸收光谱测量,特别是高温光谱测量中,吸收分子谱线参数的准确性非常重要,目前普遍使用的HITRAN/HITEMP2004数据库中给出的各项参数具有一定的不确定性,为了对所选1.573μm处的9条可用于燃烧诊断的CO2谱线参数进行校准,文章采用窄线宽二极管激光器作为光源,结合自行搭建的实验室高温测量系统,记录了300～800 K温度范围内所选谱线的高温吸收光谱,获得了各谱线在相应温度下的谱线强度、空气加宽系数及其温度指数等谱线参数.通过实验结果与HITRAN/HITEMP2004数据库中数据间的对比发现两者之间吻合较好,其中谱线强度相对偏差小于3%,空气加宽系数及其温度指数相对偏差分别小于5%和2%.所有各项参数对以后将要进行的燃烧诊断中的CO2浓度监测会有很大帮助.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.