水溶液中制备Ni-P-B超细非晶合金微粒的化学反应

研究了新型Ni-P-B超细非晶合金(UFAAP)的制备化学反应。Ni-P-B UFAAP通过在溶液中使用KBH₄和NaH₂PO₂还原NiCl₂生成，反应较复杂，涉及6个基本化学方程式。通过监控反应pH随时间的变化，发现总反应分成4个阶段，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段分别生成Ni-P-B和Ni-B UFAAP。在第Ⅱ阶段收集样品可得Ni-P-B。随着反应物比例n(H₂PO₂)/n(Ni²⁺)的增加，产物中的磷含量增加。此外，还考察了反应物溶液滴加方式和滴加速度对反应过程和产物组成的影响。     

X-荧光光谱法测定硅铝钡合金中硅铝钡

硅铝钡合金是炼钢常用的脱氧剂 ,主要成分为硅、铝、钡、铁。目前常用的分析方法为化学法 ,分析时间长 ,而且操作繁琐。为此 ,本法对X 荧光光谱粉末压片法进行了研究 ,结果满意 ,而且分析速度快 ,操作简便。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与测定条件瑞士产ARL980 0型XRF XRD结合式光谱仪 ,铑钯端窗式X射线管 ;奔腾ⅡWIN 98计算机。日本产MP 5 0型压片机 ,最大压力为 5 0t。仪器测定条件见表 1。表 1　仪器测定条件Tab .1　Workingconditionoftheinstrument分析线Analyticalspectralline晶体Crystal探测器Detector管压Tubepressure(U/kV…     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅锡合金焊料中铅镉铬和汞

采用微波消解技术,将电子电气产品中铅锡合金焊料样品用氢氟酸、硝酸和过氧化氢加热溶解后,加入硼酸以便掩蔽过量的氟离子,用双向视电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪同时测定铅、镉、铬和汞,方法的检出限为0.002 1～0.017 mg·L -1,方法的回收率和精密度分别为94.9%～101.0%和0.25%～3.40%.     

原子簇NixFe和NiFex(x=1-5)电子性质的DFT研究

More than one hundred models were designed to reflect the local structure and electronic property of Ni-Fe amorphous alloys. After calculating by DFF method, a series of configurations of clusters NixFe and NiFex （x = 1 - 5） were gained. The configurations, which possessed the lowest energies and non-imaginary frequencies, were considered the most stable optimized structures. The catalytic activity, charge and magnetic properties were analyzed and discussed. The different Fe content changed the catalytic properties of clusters through altering the value of Fermi level of every cluster. However the density of state （DOS） nearby Fermi level and average 3d orbital population of atom Ni, which were also important properties related to the catalytic activation, were little changed. Based on the Fermi level, the activity of catalyst toward hydrogenation reaction would be considered best when the ratio of Ni to Fe was close to 1. The Fermi level of clusters was far distant to the level of nitrogen in singlet state. It would be the reason why the reaction condition in ammonia synthesis and nitrogen fixation process was rigorous. When Fe atom contents were higher than 75% （NiFe3）, the electrons transferred from atom Fe to Ni, but when the ratio was decreased, the transfer was reversed. The ratio of atoms of local structure also played an important role in the aspect of electron transition. On the average 3d orbital population of atom Fe, the average magnetic moments of Fe atoms in clusters were calculated. When Fe atom contents were 50% nearly, the average magnetic moment achieved the highest point.     

Ni-Mn-Ga-RE(RE=Tb,Sm)合金的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

研究了Ni48Mn33Ga19合金添加微量稀土元素Tb和Sm后，对合金的马氏体相变、磁感生应变及机械抗弯性能的影响。结果发现，微量稀土元素Tb和Sm的掺人，降低了合金的马氏体相变温度和居里温度，但晶粒显著细化，使合金的抗弯强度显著提高，具有良好的塑韧性；同时，使合金的磁感生应变值有一定下降。     

ICP-AES测定钼铁中微量锑和锡

讨论了CID作检测器，ICP－AES测定钼铁中微量锑和锡，选择了最佳分析谱线和仪器重要参数，通过试验大量钼和铁的影响，用铁量匹配绘制校准曲线对试样进行直接测定的方法，检出限锑为0．0011％，锡为0．0004％，回收率为99％－103％。     

复合型扫描微pH电极及其在局部腐蚀中的应用

研制了一种新型的微米级复合型扫描pH探针.该探针具有体积小、响应速度快、稳定性好和制作方便等优点，能很好地满足微区pH快速测定的要求.应用复合型扫描微pH电极技术研究了Al/Cu合金在0.01 mol•L－1 NaCl溶液中开路状态下局部腐蚀发生的早期过程.     

Preparation of Uniform Ni-B Amorphous Alloy Catalyst on CNTs and its Performance for Acetylene Selective Hydrogenation

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are severely bundled and essentially insoluble in solvent. These properties are generally considered as a significant barrier toward the practical uses of CNTs. Therefore, the functionalization and solubilization of CNTs have recei…     

化学镀镍-高磷合金晶化行为的现场XRD研究

从柠檬酸-酒石酸-乳酸-EDTA混合体系中得到含P 12％(质量比)的化学镀高磷Ni-P合金，其差热曲线显示，在350和420 ℃出现两个放热过程.现场XRD分析结果显示，镀层在300 ℃以下保持非晶态结构，在320 ℃之后开始晶化，首先析出介稳的Ni5P2和Ni12P5相，在360 ℃后开始有稳定的Ni3P和Ni相的衍射峰出现， 400 ℃以上只有Ni3P和Ni相. 325 ℃恒温时，镀层在4 min内保持非晶态的衍射特征，随即析出Ni5P2和Ni12P5相, 并在2 h内基本保持不变. 350 ℃恒温时，析出的Ni5P2和Ni12P5介稳相只存在40 min.实验结果表明, DTA曲线上350 ℃的放热峰不仅有非晶相转变为介稳相的过程，也包含部分介稳相转化为稳定相的过程.     

铈降低在硫酸溶液中生长的阳极Pb(II)氧化物膜的电阻的研究

应用电化学阻抗频谱法、线性电位扫描法和光电流技术研究了在4.5 mol· dm~(-3) H_2SO_4溶液中Pb-1%(at.)Ce（简称Pb-1Ce）合金在0.9 V (vs. Hg/Hg_2SO_4电极)生长的阳极Pb(II)氧化物膜的电阻较纯铅的低的原因。实验结 果表明，Ce阻抑阳极Pb(II)氧化物膜的生长并增加其孔率，从而降低其电阻。