Microstructure characterization of short-chain branching polyethylene with differential scanning calorimetry and successive selfnucleation/annealing thermal fractionation

A series of the copolymers of ethylene with 1-hexene(M1–M9) synthesized by metallocene catalyst Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and successive self-nucleation and annealing(SSA) thermal fractionation. The distribution of methylene sequence length(MSL) in the different copolymers was determined using the SSA method. The comonomer contents of samples M4 and M5 are 2.04 mol% and 2.78 mol%, respectively. Both M4 and M5 have low comonomer content and their MSL distribution profiles exhibit a monotonous increase trend with their MSL. The longest MSL of M5 is 167, and its corresponding molar percent is 43.95%, which is higher than that of M4. Moreover, the melting temperature(Tm) of M5 is also higher than that of M4. The comonomer contents of samples M7, M8, and M9 are 8.73 mol%, 14.18 mol% and 15.05 mol%, respectively. M7, M8, and M9 have high comonomer contents, and their MSL distribution profiles display unimodality. M7 has a lower peak value of 33 and a narrow MSL distribution, resulting in a Tm lower than that of M8 and M9. The MSL and its distribution are also key points that influence the melting behavior of copolymers. Sometimes, MSL and its distribution of copolymers have a greater impact on it than the total comonomer contents, which is different from traditional views.     

Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.     

Vulcanization kinetics of graphene/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

This paper presents the influence of graphene on the vulcanization kinetics of styrene butadiene rubber （SBR） with dicumyl peroxide. A curemeter and a differential scanning calorimeter were used to investigate the cure kinetics, from which the kinetic parameters and apparent activation energy were obtained. It turns out that with increasing graphene loading, the induction period of the vulcanization process of SBR is remarkably reduced at low graphene loading and then levels off; on the other hand, the optimum cure time shows a monotonous decrease. As a result, the vulcanization rate is suppressed at first and then accelerated, and the corresponding activation energy increases slightly at first and then decreases. Upon adding graphene, the crosslinking density of the nanocomposites increases, because graphene takes part in the vulcanization process.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polyborosiloxanesand Their Blends with Phenolic Resin as ShapeableCeramic Precursors简

Two polyborosiloxanes(PBSis) with char yield up to 74.13% at 800 °C were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of boric acid with phenyltrimethoxysilane in diglyme. The PBSis were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, IR spectroscopy as well as1H-,29Si- and11B-NMR. PBSi modified phenol-formaldehyde resins(PBSi/PFs) were prepared at different PBSi/PF mass ratios and were cured at 150 °C. The PBSi/PFs were characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test. The results revealed that the cured PBSi/PFs had sea-island morphology and higher char yield than the common PF. PBSi/PF blend with PBSi/PF mass ratio of 0.4:1 had char yield up to 70.83% at 800 °C. The PBSi/PFs had tensile strength similar to PF. The ceramization of PBSi/PFs was also studied. The silicon boron oxycarbide(SiBOC) ceramics formed were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. This method provided a valuable way to prepare easily shapeable polymer blends as ceramic precursors.     

Synthesis,characterization, thermal stability and antibacterial activity of coumarin based methacrylate copolymers

Monomer of 7-methacryloyloxy-4-methylcoumarin(MAOMC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Copolymers of MAOMC with butoxyethylmethacrylate(BOEMA) at different feed compositions were prepared by free radical solution polymerization at(70 ± 1) °C in ethylmethylketone(EMK) using benzyl peroxide(BPO) as an initiator. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) of the copolymers showed moderate thermal stability and higher Tg values. Gel permeation chromatography(GPC) was used to find out the molecular weights of the different copolymers. Antibacterial activities of the copolymers were also investigated against the selected pathogenic bacteria's. The antibacterial activity of the copolymer increases as the MAOMC content increases in the copolymer. This shows that coumarin moiety plays a very important role in the antibacterial activity.     

“绿色”液体激光介质的非线性光学特性研究

利用氧化钕和盐酸为原料制得Nd(phen)2Cl3(三氯二邻菲罗啉合钕),测得其光谱特性并以稀土氧化钕、苯甲酸和邻菲罗啉为原料制得绿色液体激光介质钕离子的配合物——NdB3 phen(三苯甲酸-邻菲罗啉合钕).利用飞秒激光器,采用单光束Z-扫描法研究了NdB3 phen的三阶非线性光学特性.结果表明:当入射飞秒激光脉冲...     

双程前向近高斯型掺铒超荧光光纤光源的实验研究

研究了输出谱型为近高斯型的掺铒超荧光光纤光源,分析了高斯型光谱的自相干函数和影响平均波长稳定性的因素.采用双程前向光源结构,通过选择铒纤长度获得高斯型光谱输出,同时调节泵浦功率来优化铒纤的本征温度系数对光源的影响,得到铒纤长度10.05 m,泵浦功率为172 mW时,整体光路(除半导体泵浦激光器及其驱动电源)在全温-4...     

疏水介孔SiO2的制备与性能表征

以廉价的工业级正硅酸乙酯为原料,经过酸碱两步催化制备二氧化硅凝胶,以三甲基氯硅烷/六甲基二硅氧烷混合液对凝胶进行直接表面改性,常压干燥下得到高比表面积疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶.用SEM、IR、N2吸脱附、TG-DTA、接触角的测定等分析方法对二氧化硅化学成分、结构形貌、比表面积、热稳定性和疏水性能进行了研究.结果表明,经改...     

基于同步辐射的快速扫描X射线微束荧光成像方法

在上海光源硬X射线微聚焦光束线站(BL15U1)上, 基于EPICS软件平台, 集成运动控制, 光强探测, 荧光探测等功能, 实现了"飞行"模式 (on-the-fly) X射线扫描微束荧光成像方法. 用"飞行"扫描X射线荧光成像法获得了标准镍网, 以及微量元素Cu, Zn,K, Fe在样品老鼠脾内的分布图像, 结果显示该方法不但在速度上有了极大的提高, 而且获得的元素分布图像具有高质量. 关键词： 快速扫描X射线微束荧光成像 同步辐射 微量元素分布     

宽量程高时间分辨扫描变像管

 为改善大偏转角度的偏转像质,设计了一种高时间分辨、大扫描长度的扫描变像管电子光学和行波偏转系统。对变像管后加速技术进行了实验研究,结合图像外增强技术,解决了大面积扫描图像的探测灵敏度问题,达到了同时扩展扫描变像管的时间量程和提高时间分辨力的目的,研制出了宽时间量程、高时间分辨力的扫描变像管。初步实验表明,在量程为5 ns时,时间分辨力达到5 ps,也就是时间分辨力与时间量程之比达到1/1 000。