三甲基硅烷化改性二氧化硅气凝胶

 采用六甲基二硅氮烷对二氧化硅凝胶进行疏水处理,得到了疏水性的二氧化硅气凝胶。用红外光谱和热分析表征处理前后二氧化硅气凝胶的性质,用测量显微镜跟踪处理前后气凝胶柱在空气中直径变化。结果表明,处理后气凝胶的表面羟基明显减少,在空气中的吸潮性大大降低,圆柱体在空气中的径向收缩率从30%降至3%。     

利用氟硅烷提高溶胶-凝胶SiO2增透膜的疏水性

 以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体，氨水为催化剂，采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了二氧化硅增透膜；通过自组装技术，用氟硅烷对膜层进行表面修饰，制得了疏水增透膜，克服了常规增透膜亲水的缺点。采用红外光谱、分光光度计、扫描探针显微镜和静滴接触角测量仪等测试手段分析了薄膜的特性。结果表明：疏水增透膜的峰值透光率为99.7％，疏水角为110°；氟硅烷自组装改性不影响二氧化硅增透膜的光学性能。     

二氧化硅气凝胶的防爆震性能及机理研究

利用聚偏二氟乙烯压电传感器研究了爆炸加载下冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的传播特性,并对冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶和泡沫铝中的传播特性进行了比较.结果表明:在二氧化硅气凝胶中冲击波的强度随传播距离的增加呈现指数衰减的趋势.冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中衰减比在泡沫铝中衰减明显.由于二氧化硅气凝胶内部特殊的纳米多孔网状结构,导致冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的衰减效果较好.冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中的传播速度极低,因此冲击波在二氧化硅气凝胶中传播时卸载波的追赶卸载效应非常明显,这又进一步促进了冲击波的衰减.     

浸渍过程对纳米纤维素/二氧化硅复合气凝胶结构与性能研究

纳米纤维素(CNF)气凝胶兼具传统气凝胶的优异特性和自身优良的生物相容性和可降解性,在很多领域应用前景广阔。然而纤维素自身的超亲水性严重限制了其更广泛的应用,为改善纤维素气凝胶的亲水性能,提高其综合应用性能,采用简单浸渍法在纤维素气凝胶基体中引入二氧化硅(SiO₂)颗粒制备纳米纤维素/二氧化硅复合气凝胶,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析纤维素气凝胶和复合气凝胶的化学结构;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察气凝胶的微观结构;测定气凝胶的物理、力学性能和接触角。结果表明,复合气凝胶在3 340 cm-1处-OH吸收峰较纤维素气凝胶均有所减弱,表明SiO₂的引入促使Si-OH形成,也降低了气凝胶的亲水性,同时有Si-CH₃和Si-O-Si吸收振动峰出现,表明三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)的改性作用以及纤维素与SiO₂颗粒之间形成稳定化学键连接。浸渍时间影响硅含量,进而影响气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率。当浸渍时间为10 min时制备的复合气凝胶性能较好,其微观结构分布均匀,具有疏水性能,接触角可达152°,同时气凝胶仍具有较好的力学性能和较低密度,其压缩模量和压缩性能分别为5.91和1.38 MPa,密度为0.1 g·cm-3。     

等离子体结合六甲基二硅胺烷处理提升增透膜抗真空污染性能研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO₂增透膜,然后对其进行等离子体结合六甲基二硅胺烷（HMDS）表面改性处理。研究了后处理改性对增透膜表面形貌、微观结构、光学性能及激光损伤性能的影响规律,获得了抗真空有机污染的二氧化硅增透膜。结果表明,增透膜在采用等离子体结合HMDS表面改性处理后,膜层收缩、粗糙度下降、极性羟基等有机基团含量减少;两步后处理改善了增透膜膜层结构和光学性能,显著提高了膜层疏水能力和真空条件下的抗污染性能,并且对溶胶-凝胶二氧化硅增透膜的高损伤阈值属性不产生影响。     

多层塑料微球的研制

2004年研究了PVA溶液的浓度对PS微球成活率的影响；并且通过O3处理，提高了PS微球球壳强度；并且还进行了内表面掺硫的多层塑料微球的研制；同时完成了二氧化硅气凝胶的增强和疏水改性研究。     

Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules

采用离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐改性的溶胶-凝胶法以及表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进一步改性的溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔二氧化硅. 通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附和扫描电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行表征. 结果表明,与仅用离子液体为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅相比,采用表面活性剂和离子液体的混合物为模板制备的介孔二氧化硅具有较小的孔径和较规则的孔结构. 说明利用该方法制备介孔二氧化硅,表面活性剂的加入会在一定程度上影响所制介孔二氧化硅的微结构.     

种子法制备金掺杂二氧化硅气凝胶

 采用羟胺种子法合成了金掺杂二氧化硅气凝胶。采用紫外 可见光分光光度计研究了还原过程中体系的变化情况。使用透射电镜（TEM）研究了气凝胶的微观结构，气凝胶的比表面积和孔径分布由BET-BJH方法测试。结果表明通过种子法可以制备金掺杂质量分数0.01%~1.00%，密度25～50 mg／cm³，比表面积达800 m²/g以上的SiO₂气凝胶样品。     

四磺酸基酞菁氯化铝复合二氧化硅干凝胶的制备及光学性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法将不同掺杂浓度的四磺酸基酞菁氯化铝(AlClPcTS)植入二氧化硅凝胶基质,制备了均匀掺杂的复合干凝胶通过对二氧化硅凝胶基质和掺杂AlClPcTS后复合干凝胶孔结构的测定和对复合体系紫外可见吸收光谱的表征,证实了AlClPcTS在基质中的成功掺杂,并发现AlClPcTS同时以单体和二聚体的形式存在于复合体系中,且AlClPcTS二聚体所占比例随着凝胶化过程的进行而增大对不同AlClPcTS掺杂浓度复合干凝胶的光限幅性能进行了测试,并讨论了掺杂浓度对复合体系光限幅性能的影响,证明复合体系的光限幅性能随掺杂浓度的提高而增强.     

海藻酸钠/聚乳酸半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

为了提高海藻酸钠对疏水性药物的负载量和缓释作用,将海藻酸钠与聚乳酸混合后分散于NaCl/CaCl2的混合溶液中制成半互穿网络水凝胶,对海藻酸钠进行了疏水改性,对该凝胶的溶胀度及pH敏感性进行了测试,进行了药物布洛芬包埋释放实验。考察了不同相对分子质量和用量的聚乳酸对药物释放的影响。结果表明,聚乳酸疏水改性后的海藻酸钠凝胶微球对药物布洛芬的负载量提高,具有较好的缓释作用。     

改性SiO2气凝胶制备及其在ICF实验中的应用

 以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体，采用酸碱两步催化法制备了SiO₂醇凝胶。醇凝胶分别经过TEOS母液、甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTEOS）处理后，以六甲基二硅胺烷（HMDSA）为疏水改性试剂，制备了改性SiO₂醇凝胶，醇凝胶经溶剂交换后以CO₂作为干燥介质，采用超临界干燥法制备了密度在30～100 mg/cm³的SiO₂气凝胶。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对疏水性SiO₂气凝胶进行了研究。研究结果表明,经过改性的气凝胶在潮湿环境中具有极好的尺寸稳定性和疏水性。采用精密车床加工得到了满足惯性约束聚变（ICF）物理试验要求的微柱。     

Effect of different trimethyl silylating agents on the hydrophobic and physical properties of silica aerogels

An essential feature of the ambient pressure dried aerogel manufacturing process is the end-capping of the reactive silanol groups in the silica wet gel. In this report, we have presented the effect of two different trimethyl silylating agents viz. trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) on the hydrophobic and physical properties of ambient pressure dried silica aerogels. The hydrogels were prepared by sol-gel processing of sodium silicate precursor (Na₂SiO₃) in the presence of acetic acid catalyst followed by vapour passing treatment and different solvent exchanging steps. The silylating agent in hexane was used for end-capping of the silanols present on the silica surface of the gel. To study silylation behavior silylating agent/Na₂SiO₃ molar ratio was varied from 2.4 to 5.6. The aerogels have been characterized by density, % of volume shrinkage, porosity, % of optical transmission, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo-gravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and contact angle measurements.     

Oxidation activity of Au nanoparticles on aerogel supports

We have prepared titania aerogel and titania-coated silica aerogel incorporating thiol-capped Au nanoparticles. Both composite materials showed high CO oxidation activity after they were calcined at 673 K. Compositional and morphological changes driven by calcination were evaluated with thermogravimetry and X-ray diffractometry. From the results, it was suggested that the nanoparticles transformed from a faulted to a near-regular FCC structure presumably in concert with the formation of firm contacts between the nanoparticles and the gel substrates. While the diameters of the Au particles in the titania aerogel considerably increased upon calcination, those in the titania-coated silica aerogel were almost unchanged. As a consequence, the latter composite aerogel showed higher activity for oxidation of CO.     

Visible,near-infrared and infrared optical properties of silica aerogels

Silica aerogel is an excellent thermal insulation material with a low thermal conductivity and a high porosity and has attracted great concern in applications. This paper was to experimentally investigate the optical properties of optically thick silica aerogel in the visible, near-infrared and infrared spectrum region. The fiber-loaded silica aerogel sample was prepared through sol–gel technique and supercritical drying process. Silica fibers were added into the aerogel during the preparation procedure to strength the skeleton of aerogel. As a comparison with the fiber-load silica aerogel, a silica fiber composite sample with the same chemical component and different physical structure was also prepared. A simplified two-flux model neglecting the boundary effect was used to describe the radiation propagation characteristics inside the samples. The spectral normal-hemispherical reflectances, transmittances, and normal emittances of silica aerogel and silica fiber samples were measured and compared in the wavelengths of 0.38–15 μm. Then the spectral optical constants of samples were determined using the experimental data. The spectral absorption and scattering coefficients of silica aerogel were within (0.01 cm⁻¹, 31.0 cm⁻¹) and (1.4 cm⁻¹, 25.8 cm⁻¹). The results showed that the spectrum region where the scattering coefficient is low usually corresponds to a high absorption coefficient. In addition, the total radiation properties of samples were predicted at high temperatures. The analysis of optical properties of silica aerogel is necessary to provide valuable data in applications.     

超低密度SiO2气凝胶的制备及成型研究

 以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源，采用酸碱二步催化溶胶-凝胶法，结合超临界干燥技术制备了超低密度SiO₂气凝胶,最低密度为3.4 mg/cm³；进一步结合成型工艺，在解决了模具设计和脱模技术后制备了具有不同密度的柱状和微型套筒样品，密度10～50 mg/cm³。研究了水、催化剂、稀释剂对二步溶胶-凝胶过程的影响，获得了制备低密度SiO₂气凝胶的最佳条件。利用扫描电镜、孔径分布及比表面积测试仪等对SiO₂气凝胶微结构进行了研究。结果表明，获得的超低密度SiO₂气凝胶具有较好的纳米网络，平均孔径18.9 nm，还具有高比表面积898 9 m²/g。     

Hydrophobic and physical properties of the ambient pressure dried silica aerogels with sodium silicate precursor using various surface modification agents

The experimental results on the synthesis and physical properties of the ambient pressure dried hydrophobic silica aerogels in the presence of various surface modification (silylating) agents are presented. The silica aerogels were prepared with 1.12 specific gravity ion exchanged sodium silicate solution, 1N ammonium hydroxide, solvent exchanged with ethanol and hexane, and surface modification with 20% silylating agent in hexane followed by drying the modified gel up to 200 °C. The molar ratio of sodium silicate, water, ammonium hydroxide and silylating agent was kept at 1:45:4.3 × 10⁻²:5, respectively. The physical properties of the aerogels such as density, % of porosity, pore volume, thermal conductivity and contact angle measurements were studied by using various mono, di and tri alkyl or aryl silylating agents (SAs). The tri alkyl silylating agents produced low % of volume shrinkage (2%), low density (0.06 g/cm³), low refractive index (1.011), more pore volume (16.15cm³/g), high percentage of porosity (96.9%) and hydrophobic (contact angle >150°) silica aerogels. It was found from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) studies of the aerogels that the intensity of the bands related to the SiC and CH are more and the SiOH and OH are less with the tri than mono and di alkyl SAs. It was found from the TGA-DTA studies of the aerogels with increase in temperature above 325 °C, the % of weight decrease in TGA and exothermic peak in DTA are more with tri than the mono and di alkyl SAs. The SEM studies of the aerogels showed the large pore and particle sizes in the silica network with the tri alkyl SAs. The % of optical transmission of the aerogels is less with the tri alkyl SAs than the mono and di alkyl SAs. It was found from the contact angle and water adsorption studies that the hydrophobicity of the silica aerogel is more with tri alkyl than the di and mono alkyl silylating agents.     

High finesse microfiber knot resonators made from double-ended tapered fibers

We fabricated optical microfiber knot resonators from thin tapered fibers (diameter down to 1 μm) linked to untapered fiber at both ends. We demonstrated a finesse of about 100, over twice as high as previously reported for microfiber resonators. Low-loss encapsulation of microfiber knot resonators in hydrophobic silica aerogel was also investigated.