碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

梯度共聚物接枝纳米粒子的合成及其力学性能

通过RAFT聚合制备了3种不同序列(无规、嵌段及梯度)的丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)二元共聚物(PBA-r-PMMA、PBA-b-PMMA、PBA-g-PMMA),以及2种含可交联侧链的聚甲基丙烯酸酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(PTEPM)的三元共聚物PTEPM-b-(PBA-g-PMMA)和PTEPM-b-(PBA-r-PMMA),三元共聚物中PBA/PMMA分别为无规和梯度结构.这5个共聚物中PBA/PMMA段具有相近的分子量和组分比.三元共聚物通过共组装及交联后得到球状的共聚物接枝纳米粒子NP-(PBA-g-PMMA)和NP-g-(PBA-rPMMA). DSC结果表明NP-(PBA-g-PMMA)和PBA-g-PMMA具有较宽的玻璃化转变温度区间(～130℃),证明成功合成了梯度共聚物和接枝梯度共聚物的纳米粒子.通过DMA测试和变温拉伸测试发现,在升温过程中梯度结构二元共聚物及其对应的纳米复合材料力学性能呈现渐进式变化,而无规或嵌段对应物力学性能呈现突变,原因是前者具有较宽的玻璃化转变过程.由于无机内核的作用,NP-(PBA-g-PMMA)和NP-(PBA-r-PM...     

基于MoS2纳米花的表面离子印迹材料的制备及性能

以镉离子做模板离子,以多巴胺为功能单体和交联剂,通过多巴胺的自聚合反应,在二硫化钼(MoS₂)纳米花的表面形成一薄层镉离子印迹聚合物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)以及比表面和孔径分布分析等表征了离子印迹材料(IIM)的形貌和结构,确证了印迹聚合层的生成。平衡吸附实验结果表明,由于IIM的印迹位点位于MoS₂纳米花的表面,可接触性好,因而IIM对镉离子结合速度快,吸附25 min即可达到平衡。同时,该印迹材料具有很好的印迹效果(印迹因子为6.877),对镉离子有很强的特异性识别能力,特异性结合量为518.1μmol/g。Scatchard模型分析表明印迹材料的结合位点对镉离子的亲和力不是均一的,可以分为高亲和力和低亲和力两部分。吸附等温模型分析表明,印迹材料对镉离子的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,由该模型可以计算出其对镉离子的最大吸附量为1081.0μmol/g。本研究为制备对重金属离子具有高选择性吸附能力的印迹材料提供了一种简单、可靠的方法。     

Preparation and application of novel polymer nanoparticles in the detection of copper ion and cysteineEI北大核心CSCD

A novel amphiphilic copolymer,dipropenoxystyrene anthracene and acrylic acid copolymer（BASA-AA） was designed and synthesized based on divinyl anthracene. The polymer self-assembled rapidly in water to create polymer nanoparticles（BASA-AA NPs）with a uniform size of 45 nm,no dye leakage,and great brightness（Φ= 36%）. Because of the enormous number of carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles,it can disperse extremely well in water,and can be used for the rapid detection of copper ion and cysteine（Cys）in pure water, with the limit of detection of 45 nmol/L. The fluorescent intensity of the nanoparticles will be greatly reduced after the introduction of copper ion,realizing the detection of copper ion with high selectivity and sensitivity. A composite probe made of BASA-AA NPs and copper ion can detect Cys in the range of 0.1-10 µμmol/L,with the detection limit of 84 nmol/L,due to the high binding capacity of the sulfhydryl group and copper ion. The method is simple and rapid in material synthesis and preparation,and shows high selectivity and sensitivity in pure water. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

分析化学理论与实践的融合教学策略——以配位滴定为例

以配位滴定的理论与实验教学为例,基于问题驱动教学法(PBL)教学法,探讨理论与实践相融合的教学策略,培养学生的核心学习能力。     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

二维M-Co3O4负载Ir对香草醛加氢脱氧性能研究

以二维金属-有机框架M-Co₃O₄为载体制备了具有高活性的Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、 N₂物理吸/脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并研究了催化剂、温度、时间、溶剂等因素对香草醛加氢脱氧反应的影响.结果表明, Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂具有较好的普适性和稳定性,在香草醛加氢脱氧制备4-甲基愈创木酚(MMP)反应中表现出较高的活性和选择性,香草醛的转化率达100%, MMP的选择性不低于99%.     

全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定药企周边地表水中5种大环内酯类抗生素的残留量

提出了全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定药企周边地表水中泰乐菌素、交沙霉素、螺旋霉素、北里霉素和罗红霉素等5种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。随机采集药企周边地表水样品,冷藏储存;取地表水样品500 mL,调节酸度为中性,将上述水样以15 mL·min^-1的流量过已活化的HLB固相萃取柱,用16 mL丙酮洗脱。收集洗脱液,将洗脱液氮吹至近干,用甲醇溶解并定容至1 mL,所得溶液中5种大环内酯类抗生素在Shimadzu Venusil MP C₁₈色谱柱上分离,以不同体积比的甲醇-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,5种大环内酯类抗生素的质量浓度在0.005～5.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.14～0.25μg·L^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为85.4%～96.6%。制备6份0.01 mg·L^-1加标水样,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5...     

全自动加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中6种抗生素的残留量

随机选取代表性土壤样品约1 kg,四分法将土壤样品缩分,取约200 g风干、粉碎、过筛。取上述土壤样品10.0 g置于萃取池中,加入硅藻土15.0 g混合均匀后进行加速溶剂萃取(ASE),采用凝胶净化系统净化提取液。取净化液10 mL,于50℃氮吹至近干,残渣用1 mL甲醇溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定其中林可霉素、克林霉素、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星等6种抗生素的含量,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,6种抗生素的质量浓度在0.001～1.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.004～0.019μg·kg^-1。方法用于分析单标准溶液和加标样品溶液,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.0%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为83.8%～105%。方法用于实际样品分析,6种抗生素的检出量为15.7～221.6μg·kg^-1。     

“梳形”含氟功能聚合物的构建与应用

含氟化合物因具耐热性、耐化学性和低表面能等优异性能,在设计具有特殊功能和特定化学物理性质的功能聚合物时展现出优秀的特性。然而目前大部分含氟聚合物仍是通过传统的自由基聚合获得,难以对聚合物的聚合过程进行调控,导致具有新型结构的含氟聚合物的构建较为困难。随着可控/活性自由基聚合方法的发展,如原子转移自由基聚合(atom transfer radical polymerization, ATRP),可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(rever-sible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, RAFT)和开环易位聚合(ring opening metathesis poly-merization, ROMP)等,构建新型结构的含氟聚合物成为可能。通过对含氟聚合物的聚合过程和结构的精准控制,结合“grafting-from”、“grafting-to”和“grafting-through”三种接枝方法可得到“梳形”结构的含氟聚合物。由于含氟链段的高温自迁移性,将含氟链段作为“梳段”,使其具有独特的物理化学性质,在光电、生物医药等高端...