离子选择电极测定环境样品中铅

1 引言 铅的测定多用原子吸收分光光度法和双疏腙比色法,这两种方法虽灵敏度高,但前者仪器昂贵,后者重现性差、操作繁琐、试剂不稳定、毒性大。我们用铅离子选择电极测定了几个环境样品中的铅,方法简便快速,结果与原子吸收分光光度法相符。     

激光光散射研究丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的溶液行为

用激光光散射技术表征了阳离子含量受控的丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物 (简称P(AM DMDAAC) )在 0 1mol LNaCl溶液中的基本参数和溶液行为 .表观基本参数 : Mw ,app =5 0 4× 10 5g·mol- 1 、app =39 9nm和A2 ,APP =1 5× 10 - 4cm3·mol·g- 2 .动态光散射研究结果表明 ,扩散系数Dt 与角度、浓度皆呈非线性依赖关系 ,当C >C 或在较大的散射角域 ,Dt 偏离线性关系所预示的理论值而向减小的方向发展 ,表明存在缔合物 ;流体力学半径Rh 分布有大、小两个范围 ,并随温度升高向小尺寸方向发展 ,证明了体系中存在缔合行为以及升温的解缔合作用 .在一定条件下 ,“亚稳定性”的存在有力地旁证了体系的缔合行为     

纸上反相层析研究β-二酮-酸性有机磷体系对稀土的协萃效应

用反相纸层析技术研究了β-二酮(PMBP、HTTA与HBA)与有机磷酸(P538、P204、P507)组成的体系对稀土的协萃效应。提出两种萃取剂都是以酸性配体形式起作用,协萃效应与两种萃取剂的pKa大小及萃取剂的空间位阻有关。当两种萃取剂的pKa相差较大时,β-二酮的酸式电离被抑制,大大减弱了配位能力,协萃效应很弱。当两种萃取剂的pKa相近,同时空间位阻较小时,协萃效应最为显著。     

Disappearance of Superconductivity and a Concomitant Lifshitz Transition in Heavily Overdoped Bi_2Sr_2CuO_6 Superconductor Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

By partially doping Pb to effectively suppress the superstructure in single-layered cuprate Bi_2Sr_2CuO_(6+δ)(Pb-Bi2201) and annealing them in vacuum or in high pressure oxygen atmosphere, a series of high quality Pb-Bi2201 single crystals are obtained with T_c covering from 17 K to non-superconducting in the overdoped region. High resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements are carried out on these samples to investigate the evolution of the Fermi surface topology with doping in the normal state. Clear and complete Fermi surfaces are observed and quantitatively analyzed in all of these overdoped Pb-Bi2201 samples. A Lifshitz transition from holelike Fermi surface to electron-like Fermi surface with increasing doping is observed at a doping level of ~0.35. This transition coincides with the change that the sample undergoes superconducting-to-non-superconducting states.Our results reveal the emergence of an electron-like Fermi surface and the existence of a Lifshitz transition in heavily overdoped Bi2201 samples. This provides important information in understanding the connection between the disappearance of superconductivity and the Lifshitz transition in the overdoped region.     

大体积固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中17种氯代有机物

建立水中17种氯代有机物的大体积固相萃取–气相色谱检测方法。样品以3.0 mL/min的流量经大体积样品采样器Cleanert PS固相萃取柱富集,真空抽干后用10.0 mL丙酮洗脱,挥干洗脱液,用1.0 mL正己烷定容,在选定的色谱条件下进行分析。17种氯代有机物的质量浓度在0～100μg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.002 5～0.074μg/L。样品加标回收率为81.0%～116.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.56%～6.80%(n=6)。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,重现性好,具有一定的实用价值,适用于水中17种氯代有机物的同时测定。     

基于手机APP实现驻波法对声速的测量

介绍了一种利用普通智能手机和一根两端开口奶茶管基于声驻波现象来测量声速的方法。这种实验方法所用的实验仪器随手可得,无需学生再到学校的实验室进行实验,激发了学生的学习兴趣,增强了学生的动手能力。     

65 nm互补金属氧化物半导体场效应和晶体管总剂量效应及损伤机制

对65 nm互补金属氧化物半导体工艺下不同尺寸的N型和P型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(NMOSFET和PMOSFET)开展了不同偏置条件下电离总剂量辐照实验.结果表明:PMOSFET的电离辐射响应与器件结构和偏置条件均有很强的依赖性,而NMOSFET表现出较强的抗总剂量性能;在累积相同总剂量时,PMOSFET的辐照损伤远大于NMOSFET.结合理论分析和数值模拟给出了PMOSFET的辐射敏感位置及辐射损伤的物理机制.     

悬垂液滴受迫振动的数值模拟与实验研究

利用有限元法进行数值模拟,研究了悬垂在针尖上的液滴在二阶模态下的振动情况.结果表明,悬垂液滴的固有振动频率与失重下自由液滴的固有振动频率间存在线性关系,该线性关系与液体的表面张力系数、液体的密度和针直径有关,与液体的黏度和"表面张力系数密度之比"无关;在声场的激励下,液滴的位移共振曲线与受迫振动的标准速度共振曲线在形状上一致,并且阻尼系数与黏度、表面张力系数、针直径呈正相关,而与密度、"表面张力系数与密度之比"呈负相关.最后以水为例将模拟结果与实验数据做了对比,两者符合得很好.     

Detailed electronic structure of three-dimensional Fermi surface and its sensitivity to charge density wave transition in ZrTe_3 revealed by high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

The detailed information of the electronic structure is the key to understanding the nature of charge density wave(CDW) order and its relationship with superconducting order in the microscopic level. In this paper, we present a high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) study on the three-dimensional(3 D) hole-like Fermi surface around the Brillouin zone center in a prototypical quasi-one-dimensional CDW and superconducting system ZrTe_3. Double Fermi surface sheets are clearly resolved for the 3 D hole-like Fermi surface around the zone center. The3 D Fermi surface shows a pronounced shrinking with increasing temperature. In particular, the quasiparticle scattering rate along the 3 D Fermi surface experiences an anomaly near the charge density wave transition temperature of ZrTe_3(～ 63 K). The signature of electron–phonon coupling is observed with a dispersion kink at ～ 20 me V; the strength of the electron–phonon coupling around the 3 D Fermi surface is rather weak. These results indicate that the 3 D Fermi surface is also closely connected to the charge-density-wave transition and suggest a more global impact on the entire electronic structure induced by the CDW phase transition in ZrTe_3.     

应用纳米零价铁富集银的研究

大量研究表明,纳米零价铁（nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron,nZVI）对水中重金属,尤其是金、银等稀贵金属,有良好的分离富集作用.利用纳米零价铁反应器证明了nZVI可从废水中分离低浓度的银离子（Ag⁺）,并生成高含量的“银矿石”.此外,也证明了反应区氧化还原电位能够反映nZVI与Ag⁺的反应速率和分离效率.利用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对反应产物进行表征,证实了Ag⁺可被nZVI还原为单质银,并以纳米颗粒的形式（<10 nm）沉积在nZVI表面.与其他材料（常见吸附/还原材料）相比,nZVI具有效率高,受pH影响小的优点.研究结果表明,nZVI是一种能够高效富集痕量银资源并产生高价值纳米银的材料.