重力场热力学分析和重力化学势

用分析比较的方法对重力场热力学作了新思考，建立了重力场中的Ｇｉｂｂｓ方程和重力化学势，使处理方法简单通用，与普通热力学方法衔接起来，应用大为方便。     

Determination of Specific Refractive Index Increment （dn/dc）_μ at a Constant Chemical Potential,for Solutions of Polymer in Mixed Solvents by the GPC Method

A new chromatographic method is described for the determination of specific refractive index increment(dn/dc)μ at a constant chemical potential,for polymer/mixed solvent systems.In this method the(dn/dc)is obtained by measuring the areas of solvated-polymer peaks when the mixed solvent is used as an eluent.Values of(dn/dc)μ for the poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)-benzene-methanol system,determined by the proposed method are in good agreement with those determined by the conventional dialysis method.The new approach has the advantages of simplicity,fast speed,and high reproducibility.The experimental results for stearic acid-chloroform-methanol system show that this method can also be applied to nonpolymer/mixed solvent systems for the determination of(dn/dc)μ.     

Influence of super-strong magnetic field on the electron chemical potential and β decay in the stellar surroundings

In this paper, considering the quantum effect of electrons in a super-strong magnetic field, the influence of a super-strong magnetic field on the chemical potential of a non-zero temperature electron is analyzed, the rates of β decay under the super-strong magnetic field are studied, and then we compare them with the case without a magnetic field. Here, the nucleus ^63Co is investigated in detail as an example. The results show that a magnetic field that is less than 1010 T has little effect on the electron chemical potential and β decay rates, but the super-strong magnetic field that is greater than 1010 T depresses the electron chemical potential and improves the β decay rates clearly.     

Transition Temperature of Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics with Two Flavors with a Small Chemical Potential

We present the results for the transition temperature of quantum chromodynamics with two degenerate flavors （Nf=2） of Wilson quarks as a function of a small baryon chemical potential μB from Monte Carlo simulations at κ=0.175, κ is the hopping parameter. By using the imaginary chemical potential for which the fermion determinant is positive and the Ferrenberg-Swendsen reweighting method, we perform simulations on lattice 83×4 with 4 being the temporal extent. By analytic continuation of the data to the real chemical potential μ, we obtain the transition temperature for the small chemical potential, and compare our results with others.     

Fermion-Boson Vertex at Finite Chemical Potential

Based on the Ward-Takahashi identity at finite chemical potential and Lorentz structure analyms, we generalize the Ball-Chiu vertex to the case of nonzero chemical potential and obtain the general form of the frmionboson vertex in QED at finite chemical potential.     

原子的边界半径

本文建议和讨论2了原子大小的一种新量度-原子的边界半径, 经出了边界半径的周期表。对于惰性气体原子和汞原子, 有实验测得的有效半径, 它们与边界半径符合得相当好。原子的边界半径与实验的van der Waals半径有良好的线性关系。因此, 由边界半径可以预言某些原子的有效半径以及van der Waals半径。     

一道物理化学习题的几种解法

从电化学、热力学以及化学势3方面讨论一道物理化学习题的几种解法.     

深入认识电化学势及电化学势判据

摘要 从电化学势和热力学第二定律的关系入手,导出了基于电化学势的电化学过程方向判据,即从热力学第二定律的高度对电化学势判据进行了再认识,避免了直接把热力学第二定律Gibbs判据中的化学势改为电化学势去说明问题的错误做法,澄清了电化学系统只有可逆过程而无平衡状态的错误概念,并在此基础上对相关的电化学问题进行了讨论,说明了电化学势概念在电化学基础理论中的重要性。     

均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响

从统计物理半经典(Thomas-Fermi)近似方法出发,研究均匀微弱电场中带电费米子体系的热力学性质,推导出了带电费米子体系的热容量和化学势随外电场场强的变化关系,给出了体系的热容量和化学势在高温和低温近似下的解析表达式,进而分析了均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响.     

吉布斯自由能的多功能性质探讨

在物理化学常用的热力学函数中,吉布斯自由能是一个用途最为广泛、最具有明确意义的热力学函数,它除了在特定条件下可作为过程与方向的判据外,还具有狭义化学势、最大非膨胀功和狭义表面自由能等功能。本文就吉布斯自由能的多功能特性展开讨论,并通过两个实例说明实际体系中ΔG的计算方法及用途,以帮助学生在物理化学学习过程中深入理解吉布斯自由能。