基于化学势的吸收过程热力学分析

溴化锂浓溶液对水蒸气的吸收与凝结的热力学过程,一般都用浓度梯度这个驱动势(Fick定律)来分析,但这并不完善。而化学势是引起质传递的真正驱动势,本文基于化学势这一理论对水蒸气的被吸收过程进行了热力学分析,得出蒸发器的水蒸气虽温度低于喷淋溶液的温度,但它的化学势高于溶液中水的化学势,所以被溶液吸收,且溶液温度(浓度)越高化学势差值越大,水蒸气越易被吸收,针对这一特点,本文提出了对吸收器设计的改进意见。     

Calculation of equation of state of QCD at zero temperature and finite chemical potential

In this paper we calculate the equation of state （EOS） of QCD at zero temperature and finite chemical potential by using several models of quark propagators including the Dyson-Schwinger equations （DSEs） model,the hard-dense-loop （HDL） approximation and the quasi-particle model.The results are analyzed and compared with the known results in the literature.     

Statistical Thermodynamic Properties of Linear Protein Solutions

利用统计力学理论结合格点模型,讨论了链状蛋白质分子溶液的热力学性质. 结果表明,对于稀溶液来说,溶液的吉布斯函数随蛋白质浓度的增加而降低,蛋白质分子化学势随其浓度增加而升高. 还分析了蛋白质分子链长及温度对溶液吉布斯函数和蛋白质分子化学势的影响. 并且计算讨论了几种第一类抗冻蛋白的化学势.     

Realization of Spin Switch in a Triple-Terminal Double-Quantum-Dot Structure

Electron transport through a triple-terminal double-quantum-dot structure is theoretically studied. By adjusting the chemical potential in leads, two channels in this system are created, and in the presence of magnetic flux the conductances for the two channels present remarkable difference from each other. When the quantum dots are made of ferromagnetic materials, the levels of quantum dots are spin dependent, then spin polarization comes about in the two channels. Furthermore, in some regions spin polarization in the different channels are opposite. We consider that this model can be a device prototype for spin filtering and spin separation.     

A Model Study of Equation of State of QCD at Finite Chemical Potential and Zero Temperature

In this paper, we give a direct method for calculating the partition function, and hence the equation of state （EOS） of QCD at finite chemical potential and zero temperature. In the EOS derived in this paper the pressure density is the sum of two terms： the first term P（μ）｜μ=0 （the pressure density at μ = 0） is a μ-independent constant; the second term, which is totally determined by G[μ] （p） （the dressed quark propagator at finite μ）, contains all the nontrivial μ-dependence. By applying a general result in the rainbow-ladder approximation of the Dyson-Schwinger approach obtained in our previous study [Phys. Rev. C 71 （2005） 015205], G[μ]（p） is calculated from the meromorphic quark propagator proposed in [Phys. Rev. D 67 （2003） 054019]. From this the full analytic expression of the EOS of QCD at finite μ and zero T is obtained （apart from the constant term P（μ）｜μ=0, which can in principle be caJculated from the CJT effective action）. A comparison between our EOS and the cold, perturbative EOS of QCD of Fraga, Pisarski and Schaffner-Bielich is made. It is expected that our EOS can provide a possible new approach for the study of neutron stars.     

Linear Chemical Potential Dependence of Two-Quark Condensate

By differentiating the inverse dressed quark propagator at finite chemical potential μ with respect to μ, the linear response of the dressed quark propagato r to the chemical potential can be obtained, From this we extract a modelindependent formula for the linear chemical potential dependence of the in-medium two-quark condensate and show by two independent methods （explicit calculation and Lorentz covariance arguments） that the first-order contribution in μ to the in-medium two-quark condensate vanishes identically. Therefore if one wants to study the in-medium two-quark condensate one should expand to at/east the second order in the chemical potential μ.     

Determination of Specific Refractive Index Increment （dn/dc）_μ at a Constant Chemical Potential,for Solutions of Polymer in Mixed Solvents by the GPC Method

A new chromatographic method is described for the determination of specific refractive index increment(dn/dc)μ at a constant chemical potential,for polymer/mixed solvent systems.In this method the(dn/dc)is obtained by measuring the areas of solvated-polymer peaks when the mixed solvent is used as an eluent.Values of(dn/dc)μ for the poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)-benzene-methanol system,determined by the proposed method are in good agreement with those determined by the conventional dialysis method.The new approach has the advantages of simplicity,fast speed,and high reproducibility.The experimental results for stearic acid-chloroform-methanol system show that this method can also be applied to nonpolymer/mixed solvent systems for the determination of(dn/dc)μ.     

物理化学中化学势的含义及应用详解

对化学势概念作了比较详细的解读，并结合扩散、相变化、渗透以及化学变化等过程，对化学势判据在这些过程中的应用给出了图文并茂的说明，借此充分阐述了化学势所体现的化学中变化趋势的这一势的含义。     

簇合物(p-H2)N-HCCCN的结构和能量

采用两体作用势模型和遗传算法对簇合物(p-H2)NHCCCN的极小能量结构和能量进行了理论研究.结果表明,20个para-H2分子形成HCCCN周围的第一个溶剂层,第一个溶剂层包含三个溶剂环,每个溶剂环都有6个para-H2分子,第19和20个para-H2分子分别聚集在HCCCN分子的N、H原子末端.进一步计算了(p-H2)N-HCCCN的化学势,发现化学势随para-H2分子个数的增加呈震荡变化.     

不可逆三源化学势变换器性能的优化分析

建立受传质和质量漏不可逆性影响的一类三源化学势变换器的新循环模型,分析这些不可逆性对化学势变换器性能的影响,导出性能系数与泵能率间的基本优化关系和其它参数的优化表式,同时确定了化学势变换器一些重要参数的最佳工作区域和性能界限。