化学平衡教学中的两个误区

目前在物理化学教材及课堂教学中对热力学平衡概念的认识上存在一些误区：化学反应一定存在化学平衡;化学平衡时,反应物的化学势等于生成物的化学势,等等。本文将就这些问题展开讨论。     

外压对饱和蒸气压的影响

讨论了外压对液体饱和蒸气压的影响,并利用毛细现象中力学平衡条件和等温气压公式对此作了推导.     

源于“团簇-共振”模型的理想金属玻璃电子化学势均衡

理想金属玻璃是指完全满足电子结构稳定性的金属玻璃. 在我们前期工作中提出的“团簇加连接原子"及理想金属玻璃的“团簇-共振"结构模型的 基础上, 本文指出理想金属玻璃应该满足电子化学势均衡判据, 可定量给出团簇与连接原子的比例, 最终确定了理想金属玻璃成分式[团簇](连接原子)_x. 运用此判据, 解析了Cu-Zr基和Co-B基块体金属玻璃, 实验确定的最佳形成能力成分满足电子化学势均衡.     

Nucleon Mass Splitting at Finite Isospin Chemical Potential

We investigate nucleon mass splitting at finite isospin chemical potential in the frame of the two-flavour Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is analytically proven that in the phase with explicit isospin symmetry breaking, the proton mass decreases and the neutron mass increases linearly in the isospin chemical potential.     

Chemical Potential Dependence of Vertices

Based on the rainbow-ladder approximation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations and the assumption of the analyticity of the fermion-boson vertex in the neighborhood of zero chemical potential （μ = 0） and neglecting the #-dependence of the dressed gluon propagator, we apply the method in [Phys. Rev. C 71 （2005） 015205] of studying the dressed quark propagator at finite chemical potential to prove that the general fermion-boson vertex at finite μ can also be obtained from the one at μ = 0 by a simple shift of variables. Using this result we extend the results of [Phys. Lett. B 420 （1998） 267] to the situation of finite chemical potential and show that under the approximations we have taken, the Gell-Mann Oakes-Renner relation also holds at finite chemical potential     

化学势变化率对催眠药类化合物QSAR影响

为了改善定量构效关系研究中的相关性系数,更加精确地预测有关化合物的活性,我们引入化学势变化率作为量子化学反应性指数参与了QSAR计算。本文通过苯并二氮杂齛类化合物催眠性能的定量构效关系研究,发现引入了化学势变化率作为量子化学反应性指数后,QSAR相关性有所提高,大多数化合物的计算值与实验数据的误差减少。研究结果表明,在进行QSAR计算时,引入化学势变化率有助于提高苯并二氮杂齛类化合物催眠活性的预测能力。本研究基于这样一个假设:生物体内药物分子的化学势变化也将按比例地反映在生理反应或生物活性的变化中。为此,我们通过苯并二氮杂齛类化合物的定量构效关系研究进行了初步验证。     

Colour Conductivity of a Quark Plasma at Finite Chemical Potential

We apply non-Abelian transport theory to a low-temperature case,and discuss the colour electric dynamics of cold-dense quark matter at large chemical potential.Finally,at leading logarithmic accuracy,the colour conductivity dependence on chemical potential is obtained.     

论小接触角下实现滴状冷凝的可能性

通过分析液滴在临界态及后续冷凝过程中化学势的变化，解释了冷凝器混合冷凝的形成机理 ，并证明了如果降低壁面过冷度以及采用适当措施降低壁面液滴的脱落半径的话，实现稳定 的小接触角的滴状冷凝是可能的. 关键词： 混合冷凝 接触角 化学势     

关于弯曲界面气液两相相平衡化学势相等热力学判据的讨论

Thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential for phase equilibrium between gas and liquid in curved interface has been introduced in many textbooks and papers. In this paper, the process of the derivation of the criterion is proved to be wrong with analysis. In order to solve the problem, a proof procedure for the thermodynamic criterion of equal chemical potential is provided based on the definition of chemical potential. At the same time, a new thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium in curved interface is established using Gibbs interface thermodynamics and a new method for derivation of Kelvin equation is put forward based on the thermodynamic criterion of two-phase equilibrium. The new criterion which is derived directly from the second law of thermodynamics has a specific thermodynamic significance and clear physical model.     

利用前沿研究提高物理化学的教学效果

物理化学课程中抽象的概念、大量的公式以及结论的经典性容易给学生造成授课内容远离前沿研究的错觉。可以在授课过程中将前沿研究与课程内容相结合来改革物理化学教学。主要的实例包括：（1）利用△G判据分析利用水分解反应制取氢气的热力学要求;（2）利用离子互吸理论和双电层理论解释纳米孔的离子选择性;（3）基于化学势和电化学势的概念来推导浓差电池的电动势。通过揭示物理化学基本原理对上述前沿研究的指导作用来拓宽学生的视野,培养学生的学习兴趣,从而改善了课程的教学效果。