醇系溶剂中冠醚与碱金属离子的配位反应

The enthalpy changes, entropy changes and equilibrium constants of coordination reactions of 18-crown-6 with the alkali ions Na+ and K+ at 298.15K were measured by using RD-496 microcalorimeter with methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol as solvents respectively. The results indicated that the enthalpy changes △rHm, entropy changes △rSm, and the stability of the complexes are closely related with the polarity of the solvents, and the order of the stability is ethanol>methanol>n-propanol>n-butanol>H2O for the same complex in the solvents investigated. The stability order was reasonably explained by relating the stability constants of the complexes with the dielectric constants of these solvents, and by using the model of solvated-desolvated ions and ion pair in the coordination reactions.     

亚硝酸根在纳米氧化锆-CTAB复合物膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了纳米ZrO2,采用XRD和原子力显微镜技术加以表征。构建了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-纳米ZrO2修饰电极。用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了亚硝酸根(NO2-)在该修饰上的电化学行为,结果表明,该修饰电极对NO2-的氧化具有良好的电催化能力,示差脉冲伏安信号与其浓度在6×10-7～1.6×10-4mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为1.3×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。此外,方法已用于NO2-样品的测定。     

碳酸二苯酯与1,4-丁二醇熔融酯交换法合成聚(对亚丁基)碳酸酯的研究

利用TiO2-SiO2(PVP)凝胶基催化剂(TSP),无溶剂条件下,以碳酸二苯酯与1,4-丁二醇为单体,采用常压预聚和真空缩聚两步熔融酯交换法合成了聚(对亚丁基)碳酸酯(PBC),考察了工艺条件,并对PBC的结构及物理性质进行了表征.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件如下:预聚时间为2 h,预聚温度为220~230℃(N2保护),缩聚温度为220℃,缩聚压力300 Pa,催化剂用量为0.15 wt%.优化条件下,PBC的特性黏数为1.12dL/g,Mn为49000,Mw为101000,PDI为2.07,Tg为-32.32℃,端羟基含量为6.2×10-4mol/g,苯酚残留量为5.26 wt%.在此工艺条件下,通过控制副产物苯酚的蒸出速率及其量,可以实现产品聚合度的可控,且苯酚几乎能够完全回收.     

Manipulation of Particles with Counter-Propagating Evanescent Waves

Two counter-propagating evanescent beams are used to align and manipulate polystyrene particles on a prism surface. Since the radiation pressure transferred laterally from the evanescent wave is negated on both sides, particles can be stably aligned. By projecting a circular and a linear beam spot onto the interface, both multiple and single arrays of particles are achieved. Arrays of particles trapped on the interface can be easily moved adjusting the intensity of incident beams on either side. We also simulate electromagnetic distribution of scattering light that is converted from the evanescent wave using the FDTD method. The results show that scattering light converts from an evanescent wave propagating through a particle array and has a distance longer than that propagating from a normal evanescent wave.     

熔融浇铸法合成Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O高温超导体

将 Bi_2O_3,SrCO_3,CaCO_3,CuO 按比例混合和熔融,化合成 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 复合氧化物,浇铸成型;经高温退火处理获得起始转变温度117K,零电阻温度79K 的多相超导体.此法与通常的烧结法进行了对比.     

离子液体分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药

将离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIm][PF6])作为萃取剂,采用分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法分析番茄样品中的4种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,并考察了不同缓冲溶液浓度、pH值及萃取时间等因素对分散液相微萃取效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威的富集倍数分别为317、430、545、625,且具有良好的线性范围(0.01～10mg/L)和较低的检出限(0.12～0.43μg/L),对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威测定5次的相对标准偏差为5.3%～5.5%,用于示范区采集的番茄样品分析,平均加标回收率为75%～120%。研究表明[BMIm][PF6]可有效地萃取番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,具有萃取效率高、灵敏度高、操作简单、绿色环保等优点,可以满足番茄样品中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测要求。     

Design and analysis of a novel tunable optical power splitter

A novel tunable optical power splitter,with a Y-branch waveguide based on the total internal reflection and a microprism with tunable index refraction,is presented.Numerical simulation of its optical performance shows that a high dynamic range,low optical loss,and relatively low wavelength-dependence can be achieved.This component offers numerous advantages such as ease for fabrication,low cost,and compact size,which are very useful for potential application in integrated optical devices.     

有超车规则的交通流的元胞自动机模型

分析和评论了2014年美国大学生数学建模竞赛（MCM）A题,以及获得outstanding winner奖的6篇论文。首先对试题进行分析,并结合已有文献指出A题的主要解题思路;然后,通过评述获奖论文,指出学生论文的优点及存在的问题;最后,对今年赛题的某些问题进行讨论。     

交换环上的w~*-模

设R是交换环,M是R-模,J是R的有限生成正则理想,若自然同态φ:R→J~*=HomR(J,R)是同构,则J称为R的GV~*-理想。用GV~*-理想定义了GV~*-无挠模,证明了无挠模是GV~*-无挠模。接着引入了w~*-模,模的w~*-包络,得到了正则w~*-理想与正则w-理想的等价性。作为应用,对w-Noether环和SM环进行了新的刻画,并证明了相应的w~*-版本的Cartan-Eilenberg-Bass定理。