串级萃取理论Ⅷ——两组分串级萃取体系回流过程的研究

本文提出了恒定混合萃取比体系串级萃取分离的回流启动模式。对全回流和单回流启动方式的动态过程作了定量的模拟计算。对分离系数小、产品纯度要求高、原料中组成比相差大的串级萃取体系,采用回流启动可以有效地缩短体系达到稳态的时间,并可基本上避免在常规启动中所产生的不合格产品。本理论已在稀土分离工业实践中得到了验证和应用。     

离子水化过程的核磁共振研究——环烷酸皂-长链醇-煤油-水微乳状液体系

有关阳离子水化作用的核磁共振研究,由于通常的实验方法不易做到(M)/(H_2O)>1的条件,所以观察不到少量水分子在大量阳离子环境中水合情况,所得到水中质子化学位移的变化很小,一般仅有0.1 ppm。本文利用无水皂化萃取剂加水生成微乳状液的方法,可使(M~ )/(H_2O)从100:1到1:100范围内变化。在加入不同量水的过程中,水的~1H化学位移出现两个极限值:在(M~ )/(H_2O)=100/1附近,配位水的化学位移向低场移动有最大极限值,在含水量增高的情况,逐渐趋近缔合水(即正常液体水)的化学位移4.8 ppm。这一过程可以看到配位水的化学位移比缔合水向低场移动2 ppm以上,比通常在浓盐水溶液中观察到的差值提高了一个数量级。因而为研究离子水化过程提供了一个新途径。 当(M)/(H_2O)大于100/时,配位水的化学位移随阳离子不同而趋于不同极限值,其顺序为:NH_4~ (7.54)>Li~ (7.08)>Na~ (6.22)>K~ (6.00)。这是由于阳离子场不同,其水化作用也不同。     

Mechanism of gold solvent extraction from aurocyanide solution by quaternary amines: models of extracting species based on hydrogen bonding

The mechanism of gold solvent extraction from KAu(CN)2 solution was investigated by means of FTIR, EXAFS, ICP and radioactive tracer methods. Two extraction systems were studied, namely N263-tributyl phosphate(TBP)-n-dodecane and N263-iso-octanol-n-dodecane. High-resolution FT IR spectroscopy indicated that the CN stretching vibrations of the two extraction systems differred greatly. In order to interpret the significant difference in CN stretching vibrations, two extracting species models are proposed——supramolecular structures based on the formation of hydrogen bonds between Au(CN)2- and modifiers such as TBP and iso-octanol.     

Enhanced magnetoresistance in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoscaled granular composites

By soft chemical processing, two kinds of nanoscaled lanthanum manganite granular composites, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/CoFe2O4 (LSMO/CF) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 / Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO/ NSMO), were fabricated. Enhancement in magnetoresistance is observed in both of the composites. Different magnetic compounds, CF and NSMO, embedded in LSMO matrix, result in different temperature ranges where the enhancement occurs. It is considered that the phenomenon is associated with electron tunneling between sorts of grains as well as spin-dependent scattering.     

氰化金浸取液萃取机理研究

本文利用Fourier变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、放射性同位素示踪、激光光散射的实验等方法研究了有机相的溶液结构 ,初步提出季胺盐萃取金有机相中氰化金阴离子参与形成超分子结构 ,并且随着有机相中金浓度的增加 ,萃合物形成聚集体     

用198Au示踪法从氰化液中萃取微量金

198Au同位素示踪法;胺类萃取剂;溶剂萃取;用198Au示踪法从氰化液中萃取微量金     

2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸过渡金属化合物红外光谱研究

利用FTIR和X－射线粉末衍射方法研究了三种2－丙烯酰胺基－2－甲基－1－丙烷酸过渡金属化合物（Co^2 ,Ni^2 ,Cu^2 )。钴、镍两种化合物红外光谱与铜化合物存在明显差别。钴、镍两种化合物红外光谱相近,但晶体结构不同。     

N1923从碱性氰化液中萃取金(Ⅰ)的研究

采用放射性同位素198Au示踪法研究了伯胺N1923和TBP从碱性氰化液中萃取金(Ⅰ),考察了酸化率、水相pH值、萃取剂浓度等对萃取率的影响,以及NaOH对载金有机相的反萃作用。结果表明,TBP含量大于20％,酸化的N1923与KAu(CN)2摩尔比值在11时,金能够完全被萃取。载金有机相可采用0.1mol·L-1的NaOH溶液定量反萃。机理研究表明,伯胺和TBP萃取Au(CN)2-,符合BC类协同萃取机理。当金浓度大于10g·L-1时,在萃取有机相中形成纳米级的聚集体。     

Progress in the study on the composition and formation mechanism of gallstone

Our serial studies from 1970s on chemical composition, structure determination and formation mechanism of gallstones were reviewed. The chemical component investigation of brown-pigment gallstone demonstrated that it consists of macromolecules such as proteins, glyco-proteins, polysaccharides, bilirubin polymers and pigment polymers, and biomolecules such as cholesterol, bile salts, calcium salts of carbonate, phosphate, fatty acids and bilirubinate as well as various metal ions. The binding of metal ions with bile salts and bilirubin plays important roles in gallstone formation, i.e., calcium bilirubinate complex is the major constitute of brown-pigment gallstones, and copper bilirubinate complex is critical in the black color appearance of black-pigment gallstone. The cross section of many gallstones exhibits a concentric ring structure composed of various small particles with a fractal character. This is nonlinear phenomenon in gallstone formation. A typical model system of metal ions-deoxycholate (or cho     

新型铕(Ⅲ)、穴醚[2.2]与α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮三元荧光配合物的合成与表征

首次合成两种穴醚[2.2](C[2.2]), α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)和稀土铕(Ⅲ)的三元混配配合物: 2Eu(TTA)3.2HTTA.C[2.2](A)和2Eu(TTA)3.C[2.2](B)。与传统的强荧光配合物Eu.(TTA)3.2H2O(C)相比, 有以下的相对荧光强度比例关系: I(A):I(B):I(C)=13.3:3.7:1, 且混配配合物荧光单色性好。配合物的差热热重、红外光谱、Raman光谱和荧光光谱表明, 三元配合物分子中共轭效应增强, 分子内能量转移效率提高; 配合物晶体场对称性提高; 同时消除了水分子对荧光的猝灭作用, 增强了三元混配配合物的荧光强度。