不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定药企周边地表水中5种大环内酯类抗生素的残留量

提出了全自动固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定药企周边地表水中泰乐菌素、交沙霉素、螺旋霉素、北里霉素和罗红霉素等5种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。随机采集药企周边地表水样品,冷藏储存;取地表水样品500 mL,调节酸度为中性,将上述水样以15 mL·min^-1的流量过已活化的HLB固相萃取柱,用16 mL丙酮洗脱。收集洗脱液,将洗脱液氮吹至近干,用甲醇溶解并定容至1 mL,所得溶液中5种大环内酯类抗生素在Shimadzu Venusil MP C₁₈色谱柱上分离,以不同体积比的甲醇-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,5种大环内酯类抗生素的质量浓度在0.005～5.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.14～0.25μg·L^-1。按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为85.4%～96.6%。制备6份0.01 mg·L^-1加标水样,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5...     

全自动加速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中6种抗生素的残留量

随机选取代表性土壤样品约1 kg,四分法将土壤样品缩分,取约200 g风干、粉碎、过筛。取上述土壤样品10.0 g置于萃取池中,加入硅藻土15.0 g混合均匀后进行加速溶剂萃取(ASE),采用凝胶净化系统净化提取液。取净化液10 mL,于50℃氮吹至近干,残渣用1 mL甲醇溶解,过0.22μm滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定其中林可霉素、克林霉素、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星等6种抗生素的含量,质谱分析采用多反应监测模式。结果表明,6种抗生素的质量浓度在0.001～1.0 mg·L^-1内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.004～0.019μg·kg^-1。方法用于分析单标准溶液和加标样品溶液,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.0%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为83.8%～105%。方法用于实际样品分析,6种抗生素的检出量为15.7～221.6μg·kg^-1。     

泡沫镍铁合金自支撑NiFeOOH纳米片的制备及析氧性能研究

电催化析氧反应(OER)是电解水制氢的重要半电池反应。然而,OER的缓慢动力学仍需研究高效的电催化剂。在非贵金属催化剂中,NiFe基材料是OER催化剂研究热点。本文通过食人鱼溶液简单一步浸渍刻蚀法将不同Fe含量的泡沫NiFe合金进行氧化,制备了表面具有纳米片形貌的NiFeOOH自支撑电催化剂,并深入研究其电催化析氧性能。通过SEM、XRD、XPS等对电催化剂的形貌结构及成分进行表征,证实了三维多孔基底上NiFeOOH纳米片结构的形成。由于高价镍、铁物种的存在以及二维纳米片结构的生成,NiFeOOH/NF的析氧性能大幅度提高,在10 mA?cm-2的电流密度下过电位仅155.68 mV,Tafel斜率为 88.2 mV?dec-1。这为研制高效、耐用的自支撑非贵金属电极提供了新思路。     

基于MoS2纳米花的表面离子印迹材料的制备及性能

以镉离子做模板离子,以多巴胺为功能单体和交联剂,通过多巴胺的自聚合反应,在二硫化钼(MoS₂)纳米花的表面形成一薄层镉离子印迹聚合物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)以及比表面和孔径分布分析等表征了离子印迹材料(IIM)的形貌和结构,确证了印迹聚合层的生成。平衡吸附实验结果表明,由于IIM的印迹位点位于MoS₂纳米花的表面,可接触性好,因而IIM对镉离子结合速度快,吸附25 min即可达到平衡。同时,该印迹材料具有很好的印迹效果(印迹因子为6.877),对镉离子有很强的特异性识别能力,特异性结合量为518.1μmol/g。Scatchard模型分析表明印迹材料的结合位点对镉离子的亲和力不是均一的,可以分为高亲和力和低亲和力两部分。吸附等温模型分析表明,印迹材料对镉离子的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,由该模型可以计算出其对镉离子的最大吸附量为1081.0μmol/g。本研究为制备对重金属离子具有高选择性吸附能力的印迹材料提供了一种简单、可靠的方法。     

Preparation and application of novel polymer nanoparticles in the detection of copper ion and cysteineEI北大核心CSCD

A novel amphiphilic copolymer,dipropenoxystyrene anthracene and acrylic acid copolymer（BASA-AA） was designed and synthesized based on divinyl anthracene. The polymer self-assembled rapidly in water to create polymer nanoparticles（BASA-AA NPs）with a uniform size of 45 nm,no dye leakage,and great brightness（Φ= 36%）. Because of the enormous number of carboxyl groups on the surface of the particles,it can disperse extremely well in water,and can be used for the rapid detection of copper ion and cysteine（Cys）in pure water, with the limit of detection of 45 nmol/L. The fluorescent intensity of the nanoparticles will be greatly reduced after the introduction of copper ion,realizing the detection of copper ion with high selectivity and sensitivity. A composite probe made of BASA-AA NPs and copper ion can detect Cys in the range of 0.1-10 µμmol/L,with the detection limit of 84 nmol/L,due to the high binding capacity of the sulfhydryl group and copper ion. The method is simple and rapid in material synthesis and preparation,and shows high selectivity and sensitivity in pure water. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

CoMn@NC催化5-羟甲基糠醛常压氧化为2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯

Dimethyl furan-2, 5-dicarboxylate (DMFDCA) is a valuable biomass-derived chemical that is an ideal alternative to fossil-derived terephthalic acid as a monomer for polymers. The one-step oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to DMFDCA is of practical significance. It not only shortens the reaction pathway but also avoids the separation process of intermediates; thus, reducing cost. In this work, non-noble bimetallic catalysts supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoMn@NC) were synthesized via a one-step co-pyrolysis procedure using different pyrolysis temperatures and proportions of metal precursors and additives. We employed the prepared CoMn@NC catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions to obtain DMFDCA. High-yield DMFDCA was obtained by screening the prepared catalysts and optimizing the reaction conditions, including the strength and amount of the base, as well as the reaction temperature. The optimized yield of DMFDCA was 85% over the Co₃Mn₂@NC-800 catalyst after 12 h at 50 ℃ using ambient-pressure oxygen. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using a variety of characterization techniques, the factors affecting the performance of each catalyst were investigated, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and performance of the prepared catalysts was elucidated. A porous structure with a high surface area had a positive effect on mass transfer efficiency. Cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) and atomically dispersed Mn were coordinated to N-doped carbon to form M―N_x (where M = Co or Mn). Based on the Mott-Schottky effect, there was significant electron transfer between each metal and the N-doped carbon, additionally, the metal NPs supplied electrons to the carbon atoms. The electron-deficient metal site in the pyridinic N-rich carbon was beneficial for the activation of HMF and oxygen. The activation of oxygen produced reactive oxygen species (such as superoxide radical anions) to ensure high selectivity to DMFDCA through dehydrogenative oxidation of the hemiacetal intermediate and hydroxymethyl group of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-furoate. The existence of disordered and defective carbons increased the number of active sites. Subsequently, we performed a series of control experiments. Based on our current experimental results and previous studies, we propose a simple mechanism for the aerobic oxidation of HMF to DMFDCA. The catalyst was stable, its performance decreased slightly after two cycles, and it was tolerant to SCN⁻ ions and resistant against N or S poisoning. Furthermore, the use of this catalytic system can be expanded to various substituted aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohols with different substituents, furfuryl alcohol, and heterocyclic alcohols. Simultaneously, the product type was further extended from methyl esters to ethyl esters with a high yield when the substrate reacted with ethanol. In conclusion, this catalytic system can be applied in the production of carboxylic esters for polymers.     

胍胶压裂液体系有机硼交联剂合成研究进展

胍胶压裂液是目前压裂作业中应用最多的工作液,但存在胍胶用量高、残渣量大、储层伤害严重的问题。有机硼交联剂因交联性能优异、延迟交联易调控、压裂液破胶彻底、可降低胍胶用量、减少胍胶残渣对储层的伤害,是目前胍胶压裂液体系交联剂的主要研究方向。文章介绍了胍胶压裂液体系有机硼交联剂的研究进展,探讨了有机硼交联剂的交联作用机理,重点总结了有机硼交联剂的合成研究情况,在此基础上对今后发展方向进行了展望。从合成研究情况来看,有机硼交联剂主要有多种配体复合制备、长链多头极性有机胺硼制备、纳米交联剂制备三种方式,在降低胍胶用量、提高压裂液携砂性能方面表现优异。今后研究中应以提高交联效率为关键,长链多头极性结构是主要研究方向,有机配体的优选和反应设计将是研究的核心问题。     

介电聚酰亚胺薄膜研究进展

聚酰亚胺电介质是电气工程、电子信息技术、航空航天等领域的一类重要的绝缘材料,然而在实际应用中依然存在材料设计制备、结构-性能关系与性能调控等方面的问题尚未解决。多重应用场景下介电性能的不匹配限制了聚酰亚胺的创新式发展,成为制约电工、电子信息航空航天领域发展的重要问题。本文基于影响电介质薄膜电-热特性的基本原理,从分子结构改性和复合结构优化等方面详细综述了调控聚酰亚胺高/低介电特性、热稳定性和绝缘强度等综合性能的研究方法和内部机理,总结了当前聚酰亚胺薄膜在能源系统和电子器件中残存的问题及面临的挑战,并为聚酰亚胺薄膜未来的发展及应用提供有意义的指导。     

固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖环境中地西泮及其代谢物

建立了固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定养殖水和沉积物样品中地西泮及其3种代谢物的分析方法。水样经0.45μm玻璃纤维膜过滤,沉积物采用1%氨水-乙酸乙酯提取后,均通过混合型阳离子交换固相萃取(MCX SPE)柱富集净化。目标物用5%氨水-乙腈溶液洗脱后吹干,1 mL 40%乙腈水溶液溶解残渣,UPLC-MS/MS测定。经Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾正离子电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,内标法定量。4种目标物在0.1～100μg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.999。水体和沉积物中的方法检出限分别为1.0～2.0 ng/L和0.02～0.05μg/kg,定量下限分别为2.0～5.0 ng/L和0.05～0.1μg/kg;平均加标回收率为90.2%～115%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%～9.6%。该方法灵敏度高,实用性强,可满足养殖环境中地...