“强光一号”等离子体开关及负载稳定性分析

"强光一号"等离子体断路开关(POS)及负载二极管系统工作性能不够稳定,通过分析数据指出POS等离子体源参数差异性是导致系统不稳定的主要原因。POS等离子体源参数重复性测量结果表明,在开关断路时刻等离子体源瞬时发射等离子体密度重复性极差在10%左右,而开关区间累积等离子体密度极差超过100%。开关区间累积等离子体密度和阴极重粒子发射会对POS断路性能产生显著影响。计算表明开关区间累积等离子体密度差异对POS断路电流阈值影响达到200kA,与运行数据统计结果一致;在断路电流阈值相同的条件下,阴极物质逸出对二极管电压影响显著,MCNP程序计算结果表明,产生辐射剂量差别可以达到80%,与统计数据相当。     

Plasma plume photography and spectroscopy of Fe—Oxide materials

Time-resolved photography was employed to study plasma dynamics and particle ejection of laser-irradiated iron oxide materials. Nano-particle powder, pressed powder pellets and sintered ceramics were ablated in air and Ar gas background by means of short laser pulses (Nd:YAG laser wavelength λ = 1064 nm and pulse duration τ_L ≈ 6 ns; KrF laser λ = 248 nm and τ_L ≈ 20 ns). Plasma plume dynamics significantly depended on sample morphology. The ejection of non-luminous particles up to several hundreds of microseconds after the laser pulse was observed for powder and pressed powder target materials. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for element analysis of iron oxide powders, pressed pellets and sintered ceramics. LIBS spectra of the different targets were comparable to each other and qualitatively independent of target morphology.     

强流脉冲离子束烧蚀等离子体向背景气体中喷发的数值研究

强流脉冲离子束辐照靶材产生烧蚀等离子体向背景气体中传播与向真空中传播不同，包括喷发等离子体与背景气体的相互作用.本文建立了该过程的二维气体动力学模型，计算了等离子体向压强范围从10^-6大气压到大气压背景气体中传播时的情况.结果表明，背景气体压强不同时，等离子体传播的现象也不相同.向真空中可以自由膨胀，向大气压中膨胀受限；当背景气压在千分之一大气压左右时，等离子体在背景气体中形成“雪犁”状，羽状等离子体出现快速和慢速传播分离现象.     

Chemical mass shifts in resonance ejection experiments in the quadrupole ion trap

Chemical mass shifts were measured in a Paul ion trap operated in the mass-selective instability scan with resonance ejection using a custom-built instrument. These shifts, which can be as much as 2%, decrease with increasing endcap electrode separation owing to changes in the higher order contributions to the electric field. They also decrease with decreasing helium buffer gas pressure. Both of these effects are analogous to those found with boundary ejection. This suggests that the previously proposed chemical mass shift mechanism based on compound-dependent collisional modification of the ejection delay produced by field faults near the endcap electrode apertures holds true also for resonance ejection. The influence of the resonance frequency on chemical mass shifts was also investigated and it is shown that at certain working points (values of the Mathieu parameter q(z) and a(z)) non-linear resonances greatly reduce the ejection delay for all ions, regardless of their chemical structures, and thus reduce the magnitude of the chemical mass shift. Energetic collisions leading to dissociation can take place at an earlier stage during the ejection process in the mass analysis scan when using resonance ejection compared with boundary ejection. This leads to even larger chemical mass shifts of fragile ions in resonance ejection. Increasing the resonance voltage amplitude can enhance this effect. The chemical mass shifts of fragile ions increase with increase in the resonance voltage amplitude, whereas negligible changes occur for structurally stable ions.     

The influence of temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling

The temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling was found to effect significant changes to the material ejection processes. In particular, distinct differences in the material ejection processes have been observed between a temporal pulse train shaping technique termed as sequential pulse delivery pattern control (SPDPC) and the normal delivery pattern (NDP), wherein the parameters of successive laser pulses were constant. Due to the reduced upward material removal fractions in SPDPC drilling, the spatter deposition area was reduced from approximately 6.7 to 2.7 mm². In addition, the melt layer thicknesses at the hole bottom were significantly increased from 11–61 to 18–369 μm. Such changes were identified as being due to the low laser pulse intensities before beam breakthrough associated with the SPDPC method. It was observed that the use of the linearly increasing SPDPC method increased the downward material removal fractions, from 20% to 28% observed in NDP drilling, to 34%–39%. Such an increase in the downward material ejection mechanism in SPDPC drilling was identified as being primarily due to the pointed blind-hole profile generated before the onset of beam breakthrough. The work has shown that modulating the entire pulse train in laser percussion drilling could control the material ejection processes. Furthermore, the fundamental elements of the SPDPC technique are given in terms of the rate of energy deposition and total pulse train energy.     

A study on interaction of DNA molecules and carbon nanotubes for an effective ejection of the molecules

The ejection of DNA molecules from carbon nanotubes is reported from interaction energy perspectives by molecular dynamics simulations. The critical ejection energy, which is to be applied to a DNA molecule for a successful ejection from a carbon nanotube, is investigated based on a study on the friction and binding energy between the DNA molecule and the tube. An effective ejection is realized by subjecting a kinetic energy on the DNA molecule that is larger than the solved critical ejection energy. In addition, the relationship between ejection energies and sizes of DNA molecules and carbon nanotubes is investigated.     

强激光加载下金属材料微喷回收诊断

金属材料在冲击载荷下的动态响应在许多民用工程、航空航天等领域都有重要的应用背景.而金属材料在冲击载荷下的微喷形成过程,包括微射流、碎裂以及微层裂的物理过程的研究中尚存在许多空白.介绍了国内首次在神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上开展的金属材料微喷回收实验,实现了激光加载下低密度泡沫材料对微喷颗粒的回收,对回收样品进行了X光CT分析,通过图像重建,获得了回收微喷颗粒的三维图像,以及颗粒不同形态分布、颗粒尺寸、颗粒质量等定量结果.     

一种新的光子多普勒速度频谱分析方法

光子多普勒速度计可给出飞层表面某一速度带内颗粒群速度随时间演化的频谱数据, 在冲击动力学实验尤其是微喷射及其混合研究中得到广泛应用. 本文提出一种新的光子多普勒频谱数据分析方法, 可推断出混合区厚度变化和前端等效颗粒尺度. 利用该方法, 对一些典型状态下喷射混合速度频谱开展分析, 获得了不同冲击压力、气体条件下颗粒度数据, 证实了气体环境下喷射颗粒的气动破碎现象, 以及破碎后尺度与初始条件的依赖性, 为喷射混合物理规律研究提供了重要依据.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of jet breakup and ejecta production from a grooved Cu surface under shock loading

Large-scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed to explore the jet breakup and ejecta production of single crystal Cu with a triangular grooved surface defect under shock loading. The morphology of the jet breakup and ejecta formation is obtained where the ejecta clusters remain spherical after a long simulation time. The effects of shock strength as well as groove size on the steady size distribution of ejecta clusters are investigated. It is shown that the size distribution of ejecta exhibits a scaling power law independent of the simulated shock strengths and groove sizes. This distribution, which has been observed in many fragmentation processes, can be well described by percolation theory.     

利用Cramér-Rao理论研究相位差法的最佳离焦量

针对光子数足够多的情况,利用Cramér-Rao理论研究了在选取离焦作为附加像差时,不同的待测波前和目标对最佳离焦量选取的影响。结果表明:在点目标情况下,像差的大小和空间频率对最佳离焦量的影响不大;而在扩展目标情况下,最佳离焦量虽然与待测像差的空间频率关系不明显,但随着待测像差峰谷值的增大而增大。最佳离焦量与目标的结构有关而与其扩展程度关系不大,成像时目标上各点的干扰越大,最佳离焦量越大。