A Note on Single Alternating Cycle Neighborhoods for the TSP

This paper investigates two different local search approaches for the TSP. Both approaches are based on the general concept of single-alternating cycle neighborhoods. The first approach, stems from the famous heuristic suggested by Lin and Kernighan and the second is based on the notion of stem-and-cycles developed by Glover in the early nineties. We show that the corresponding neighborhoods are not identical and that only a subset of moves can be found when Lin & Kernighan’s gain criterion is applied.     

冲击压力及加载速率对沟槽微射流的影响

通过二维弹塑性流体力学欧拉程序MEPH,系统研究冲击压力及加载速率对沟槽微射流喷射量的影响.计算结果显示,微射流的喷射量随冲击压力的增大而增大,但喷射量对压力的变化并不敏感;计算结果和实验结果均表明,加载速率对沟槽微射流的喷射量有较大影响,随着加载速率的减小,微粒子喷射量大致按指数规律减少,所得数值计算结果得到实验验证.     

Study on a New Ignition Method of the Spark Gap Based on Plasma Ejection in Air

A new ignition method of the spark gap based on plasma ejection is proposed in this paper, as the conventional trigatron spark gap performs poorly under the low working coefficient (the ratio of the charging voltage to the self‐breakdown voltage) in air. The plasma is generated by the capillary discharge, which has high pressure, high temperature and high velocity. The capillary discharge device is placed inside the low voltage electrode. As long as the triggering signal is sent to the device, a column of the plasma flow is ejected in axial direction and develops rapidly towards the high voltage electrode. Subsequently, the gap is broken down and a high resistive channel is formed, where the thermal ionization takes place and the arc across the whole gap is generated and develops into a well conductive channel. The process of the thermal ionization of the high resistive channel varies with the change of the spark gap distance. The breakdown delay and the delay jitter of the spark gap increase with the spark gap distance, as both parameters are mainly determined by the developing process of the plasma ejection. The characteristics of the plasma flow determine the possibility of the breakdown of the spark gap under the low working coefficient. The ignition method based on capillary plasma ejection has been proved by the preliminary experiments, which indicate that under the gap length of 8 cm and the working coefficient of less than 3%, the effective ignition is still achievable.     

Analysis of melt ejection during long pulsed laser drilling

In pulsed laser drilling, melt ejection greatly influences the keyhole shape and its quality as well, but its mechanism has not been well understood. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental investigations based on 304 stainless steel and aluminum targets are performed to study the effects of material parameters on melt ejection. The numerical method is employed to predict the temperatures, velocity fields in the solid, liquid, and vapour front, and melt pool dynamics of targets as well. The experimental methods include the shadow-graphic technique, weight method, and optical microscope imaging, which are applied to real-time observations of melt ejection phenomena, measurements of collected melt and changes of target mass, observations of surface morphology and the cross-section of the keyhole, respectively. Numerical and experimental results show that the metallic material with high thermal diffusivity like aluminum is prone to have a thick liquid zone and a large quantity of melt ejection. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the liquid zone is used to illustrate the relations between melt ejection and material thermal diffusivity for the first time. The research result in this paper is useful for manufacturing optimization and quality control in laser-material interaction.     

Heterogeneous fragmentation of metallic liquid microsheet with high velocity gradient

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the fragmentation of metallic liquid sheets with high velocity gradient. Dynamic fragmentation of the system involves the formation of a network of fragments due to the growth and coalescence of holes, decomposition of the network into filaments, and further breakup of the filaments into spherical clusters. The final size distribution of the fragmented clusters in the large volume limit is found to obey a bilinear exponential form, which is resulted from the heterogeneous breakup of quasi-cylindrical filaments. The main factors contributing to fragmentation heterogeneity are introduced, including strain rate inhomogeneity and matter distribution nonuniformity of fragments produced during decomposition of the network structure.     

弹射救生高速气流吹袭防护气动特性数值模拟

对弹射救生中高速气流吹袭防护装置对人椅系统气动特性影响进行了数值模拟.采用基于面的有限体积方法求解N-S方程,空间离散采用中心格式,时间离散采用五步显式Runge-Kutta方法.基于Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)紊流模型的DES方法,数值模拟了人椅系统在马赫数0.6、迎角-90°～90°的气动特性,获得了与风洞试验结果较为吻合的计算结果.对有无导流挡板和抬腿机构人椅系统的气动特性及飞行员胸腹部表面压力分布进行比较,结果显示两种防护装置均可有效改善人椅系统的气动特性,不同程度降低飞行员胸腹部所承受的气动力,充分说明高速气流防护装置的有效性.为进一步研究高速气流防护装置提供参考.