Neutron powder diffraction and high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of tantalum nitrides

Tantalum nitride(TaN) compact with a Vickers hardness of 26 GPa is prepared by a high-pressure and hightemperature(HPHT) method. The crystal structure and atom occupations of WC-type TaN have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction, and the compressibility of WC-type TaN has been investigated by using in-situ high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fitted to the x-ray diffraction pressure–volume(P–V) sets of data, collected up to 41 GPa, yields ambient pressure isothermal bulk moduli of B'_0= 369(2) GPa with pressure derivatives of B 0= 4 for the WC-type TaN. The bulk modulus of WC-type TaN is not in good agreement with the previous result(B_0= 351 GPa), which is close to the recent theoretical calculation result(B_0= 378 GPa). An analysis of the experiment results shows that crystal structure of WC-type TaN can be viewed as alternate stacking of Ta and N layers along the c direction, and the covalent Ta–N bonds between Ta and N layers along the c axis in the crystal structure play an important role in the incompressibility and hardness of WC-type TaN.     

一种裕量最大的高速载波比特功率分配算法

在国家电网公司Q/GDW 1379.4-2013技术规范对智能电能表载波通信单元功率消耗的限定要求下,为保障低压远程电力集抄台区本地通信链路的传输速率稳定可靠,给智能用电实时交互平台提供带宽支持,提出了一种裕量最大的高速载波比特功率分配算法。该算法以兼并窄带载波和宽带载波优势的G3-PLC技术为应用对象,使用约束注水法限定各子载波的传输比特数,根据时变的电力信道增益自适应调整比特功率分配方案,并响应通信服务质量QoS对系统误码率和目标传输速率的要求,结合信噪比门限算法对约束注水法进行界定和优化,得到了功率裕量最大化的表达式。仿真结果表明：提出的算法优于低反馈开销算法,能够适应低压电力线信道。在系统目标传输速率为200kbps时,达到了最大裕量值20,极大程度地降低了通信单元调制解调芯片实际的功率消耗。     

基于ABAQUS的降雨入渗条件下基坑边坡稳定性分析

降雨入渗条件下边坡的稳定性分析是评价边坡工程安全的主要依据,对工程施工具有重要的指导意义。以南水北调中线工程淇河倒虹吸基坑边坡为研究对象,基于ABAQUS有限元软件,考虑降雨入渗的边界条件,采用强度折减法求解了边坡的最大位移与安全系数,进行了边坡的稳定性分析。计算中,降雨入渗强度为15mm/h,持续时间为72h。计算结果表明:边坡一次开挖的水平方向最大位移、竖向方向最大位移、安全系数分别为0.26m、0.67m、1.650;边坡二次开挖后相应的计算结果分别为0.19m、0.62m、1.641;边坡三次开挖后相应的计算结果分别为0.20m、0.63m、1.639。定性分析与数值计算结果均表明,施工过程中,南水北调中线工程淇河倒虹吸基坑边坡是稳定的。本文的研究结果可以为该工程的施工提供理论依据,对降雨入渗时边坡的稳定性研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

A pressure calibration method for a portable wide-access ＂panoramic＂ cell

A simple and convenient pressure calibration method is developed for a newly designed portable wide-access ＇panoramic＇ cell. This cell is adapted to angle-dispersive-mode high-pressure in situ neutron diffraction of reactor neutron sources. This pressure calibration method has established a relationship between the cell pressure and the anvil displace- ment （gasket compression） based on the fixed-point calibration technique. By employing TiZr gasket with a thickness of 3 mm and WC anvil with a culet of 4 mm diameter, the average anvil displacements are 1.31 mm and 2.22 mm for Bi phase transitions （2.55 GPa and 7.7 GPa）, and 1.85 mm for Ba phase transitions （5.5 GPa）, respectively. In this pressure range, the pressure increases quickly with decreasing gasket thickness, and undergoes a linear increase with the anvil displacement. By extrapolating the calibration curve, the cell pressure will achieve 10 GPa when the anvil displacement is around 2.5 ram.     

基于多次平移的平面绝对检测仿真

将待测面形表示为多项式的和,通过分别沿x,y向多次平移待检光学元件得到移动前后待测元件面形差,采用最小二乘法拟合多项式系数,得到待检光学元件的绝对面形。推导了多次平移法的理论公式,并进行了仿真实验,模拟了移动次数、移动间隔和采样点数对测量精度的影响。仿真结果表明:待测平面与初始平面残差图的均方根值为5.118×10~(-13)λ,理论误差达到高精度平面面形检测要求。     

Y(Fe,M)12化合物的电子结构与磁性(M=Nb,Si)

采用新近发展的全势能线性缀加平面波((L)APW) 局域轨道(lo)和广义梯度近似(GGA)密度泛函方法计算了Y(Fe,M)12化合物(M=Nb,Si)的电子结构,得到了相应的总态密度和局域态密度,并分析了替代原子与替代晶位不同引起态密度的变化。根据计算结果预测的居里温度变化与实验结果基本一致。     

退火时间对Fe80Si9B10Cu1非晶合金纳米尺度结构不均匀性和磁性能的影响

研究了经历不同时间退火后, Fe₈₀Si₉B₁₀Cu₁非晶合金结构弛豫过程中纳米尺度结构不均匀性的演变及其对合金磁性能的影响.基于小角X射线散射和原子力显微镜分析,随着弛豫的进行,合金的纳米尺度结构不均匀性逐渐衰减.结合穆斯堡尔谱分析结果,弛豫态合金综合软磁性能的提高可归因于纳米尺度结构不均匀性的减弱.从流变单元模型来看,随着弛豫程度的加深,流变单元的体积分数显著降低,部分流变单元湮灭并转化为理想弹性基体.一方面,弛豫态样品的原子结构排列更加紧密,磁交换相互作用更强,饱和磁感应强度也更高;另一方面,准位错偶极子的数量密度随着流变单元在弛豫过程中的湮灭而逐渐减小,磁畴壁的钉扎效应减弱,合金的磁各向异性下降,矫顽力降低.本文从结构不均匀性的角度研究了Fe₈₀Si₉B₁₀Cu₁非晶合金弛豫过程中磁性能变化的结构机制,有助于建立铁基非晶合金结构和磁性能之间的关联性.     

Particle captured by a field-modulating vortex through dielectrophoresis force

In microfluidic technology, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is commonly used to manipulate particles. In this work, the fluid-particle interactions in a microfluidic system are investigated numerically by a finite difference method (FDM) for electric field distribution and a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the fluid flow. In this system, efficient particle manipulation may be realized by combining DEP and field-modulating vortex. The influence of the density ($\rho_{\rm p}$), radius ($r$), and initial position of the particle in the $y$ direction ($y_{\rm p0}$), and the slip velocity ($u_{0}$) on the particle manipulation are studied systematically. It is found that compared with the particle without action of DEP force, the particle subjected to a DEP force may be captured by the vortex over a wider range of parameters. In the $y$ direction, as $\rho_{\rm p}$ or $r $ increases, the particle can be captured more easily by the vortex since it is subjected to a stronger DEP force. When $u_{0}$ is low, particle is more likely to be captured due to the vortex-particle interaction. Furthermore, the flow field around the particle is analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism. The results obtained in the present study may provide theoretical support for engineering applications of field-controlled vortices to manipulate particles.     

负载流量碰撞检测算法在动态交通调度中的应用

随着复杂的环状路段,交叉路段、立交路段拥堵情况的不断增加,传统的交通拥堵调控策略为静态控制策略,调节的效率不高,容易出现调度冲突的问题;为了提高交通运行效率,提出一种用于解决动态交通调度的三级碰撞概率检测算法;根据交通流量的动态变化情况,通过计算流量时域内的动态流量偏差,计算三级路径之间可能存在的流量冲突概率;根据计算不同级之间的冲突概率反映动态交通拥堵的可能,确定控制的方案;实验表明,三级流量碰撞概率算法有效地降低了车辆平均延误时间,该算法有效。     

热损伤奥克托金(HMX) 缺陷的X射线小角散射研究

奥克托金(HMX) 在温度作用下, 会发生热膨胀、 相转变、 热分解等物理、 化学变化, 导致在材料内部产生大量缺陷, 进而会对其宏观性能造成明显影响. 为了深入了解热损伤HMX内部的缺陷演化, 本文采用X射线小角散射和原子力显微技术研究了热损伤HMX的内部缺陷. 结果发现HMX在180 °C相变过程中散射曲线有明显的变化, 颗粒内部生成了大量10nm左右的孔洞, 随着加载时间延长, 其尺寸增大到25nm, 数量明显降低. 当HMX在190 °C、 200 °C保温5h时, 由于HMX热分解内部有新缺陷生成, 小角散射发现其尺寸约为5至8nm, 随着加载温度升高, 其数量增加.