Neutron powder diffraction and high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of tantalum nitrides

Tantalum nitride(TaN) compact with a Vickers hardness of 26 GPa is prepared by a high-pressure and hightemperature(HPHT) method. The crystal structure and atom occupations of WC-type TaN have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction, and the compressibility of WC-type TaN has been investigated by using in-situ high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fitted to the x-ray diffraction pressure–volume(P–V) sets of data, collected up to 41 GPa, yields ambient pressure isothermal bulk moduli of B'_0= 369(2) GPa with pressure derivatives of B 0= 4 for the WC-type TaN. The bulk modulus of WC-type TaN is not in good agreement with the previous result(B_0= 351 GPa), which is close to the recent theoretical calculation result(B_0= 378 GPa). An analysis of the experiment results shows that crystal structure of WC-type TaN can be viewed as alternate stacking of Ta and N layers along the c direction, and the covalent Ta–N bonds between Ta and N layers along the c axis in the crystal structure play an important role in the incompressibility and hardness of WC-type TaN.     

对称照明在傅里叶叠层成像中的应用

傅里叶叠层成像技术是一种全新的能够恢复出大视场下高分辨率图像的技术,而较长的采样时间限制了傅里叶叠层成像的实际应用.本文阐述了一种利用对称照明提高傅里叶叠层成像速度的方法,研究了傅里叶叠层成像在空域和频域上的对称性,指出在不考虑相位的情况下,利用对称照明可提高照明强度,减少傅里叶叠层成像所需要的图像数,同时可以提高傅里叶叠层成像图像重建的速度.实验表明使用对称照明可以在不改变算法复杂性的前提下,得到与传统傅里叶叠层成像同样的高分辨率,且所需的图像数减少约50%,采样时间减少约70%,图像重建时间减少约50%.基于对称照明的方法将促进傅里叶叠层成像技术在实时成像中的应用.     

1.06 μm激光对CCD、CMOS相机饱和干扰效果对比研究

 为了对比激光对CCD、CMOS两种图像传感器的干扰效果,利用1.06 μm高重频激光开展了对CCD、CMOS两种相机的饱和干扰实验研究,分析了两种相机在干扰有效面积、饱和干扰面积、干扰前后图像相关度等与激光入射功率之间的关系。实验结果表明:CMOS相机达到单元像素饱和的激光功率阈值是CCD相机的20倍;要达到相同的干扰有效面积,所需的激光功率CMOS相机要大于CCD相机10倍～100倍;要达到相同的饱和像元数,所需的激光功率CMOS相机比CCD相机约大10倍～60倍。因此,CMOS相机要比CCD相机具有更好的抗1.06 μm激光干扰能力。     

Direct observation of melted Mott state evidenced from Raman scattering in 1T-TaS_2 single crystal

The evolution of electron correlation and charge density wave(CDW)in 1T-TaS_2 single crystal has been investigated by temperature-dependent Raman scattering,which undergoes two obvious peaks of A_(1g) modes about 70.8 cm~(-1) and 78.7 cm~(-1) at 80 K,respectively.The former peak at 70.8 cm~(-1) is accordant with the lower Hubbard band,resulting in the electron-correlation-driven Mott transition.Strikingly,the latter peak at 78.7 cm~(-1) shifts toward low energy with increasing the temperature,demonstrating the occurrence of nearly commensurate CDW phase(melted Mott phase).In this case,phonon transmission could be strongly coupled to commensurate CDW lattice via Coulomb interaction,which likely induces appearance of hexagonal domains suspended in an interdomain phase,composing the melted Mott phase characterized by a shallow electron pocket.Combining electronic structure,atomic structure,transport properties with Raman scattering,these findings provide a novel dimension in understanding the relationship between electronic correlation,charge order,and phonon dynamics.     

亚微米级聚晶金刚石的高温高压合成

聚晶金刚石作为超硬材料具有很广泛的应用,常用于油气钻探、切削刀具、耐磨零件等领域。目前,工业上合成聚晶金刚石的内部晶粒尺寸一般都在微米量级以上,而合成微米级以下的聚晶金刚石则要面临很多困难。本工作使用熔渗法在高温高压的条件下合成了亚微米级聚晶金刚石,并对合成的样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、能谱、硬度等分析测试,结果表明:在5.5GPa、1 500℃、保温15min的情况下成功合成了维氏硬度高达57.0GPa的亚微米级聚晶金刚石;分层组装的方法可以使Co均匀地分散在聚晶金刚石样品中,呈现出圆孔状,从而保证样品具备均匀、优异的性能。同时,通过对烧结工艺的探索发现,温度和保温时间在亚微米级聚晶金刚石的合成过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

大锥角药型罩聚能装药侵彻混凝土实验研究

采用脉冲X光照相及威力效应实验,对两种大锥角药型罩装药结构侵彻体的形成及它们对混凝土的侵彻能力进行了研究,获得了两种大锥角药型罩装药结构形成侵彻体的形状、头尾速度及它们对混凝土靶的侵彻参量,对比了半无限厚混凝土靶板及多层有限厚薄靶板对侵彻威力的影响。结果表明,在小炸高条件下,两种大锥角药型罩装药结构能够形成较理想的爆炸成型杆式侵彻体,在混凝土靶中形成孔深与孔径兼顾的孔道。     

二维单层Ca_(2)N声子谱和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

开发具有优异性能的可充电二次化学电池材料是解决当今社会所面临能源危机问题的有效途径之一。钠离子电池因为具有原材料储量丰富和价格低廉的优势而被视为替代锂离子电池的最优候选材料。最近的研究表明,二维单层电子化合物Ca_(2)N是良好的钠离子电池负极候选材料。然而,当前研究多集中于块体Ca_(2)N的物性,二维单层Ca_(2)N基本物性的研究还比较缺乏。鉴于此,本工作基于第一性原理计算方法详细研究了单层Ca_(2)N的晶格振动特性,确定了其光学振动模式的频率值、简并度和对称性,并通过声子态密度展示了不同类型原子在不同频率范围的贡献大小。最后,还基于声子谱计算了该材料的声子振动自由能、熵和等体积摩尔热容量等基本热力学性质,并与单晶Ca_(2)N进行了对比分析。本工作对于实验研究者设计具有优异性能的类似结构金属离子电池负极材料具有一定参考价值和理论指导意义。     

环形谐振腔频率响应特性研究

分析了方形环形谐振腔对S线偏光和P线偏光的频率响应特性,发现输入两个频率间隔相差很小的S线偏光和P线偏光都能引起环形谐振腔的谐振,其中S线偏光谐振峰频率特性更适于环形谐振腔的稳频。通过搭建环形谐振腔频率响应特性测试系统,从实验上验证了理论计算的正确性。对于环形谐振腔的稳频和调腔具有参考意义。     

三元铁基金属氮化物的高压复分解反应合成北大核心CSCD

以二元金属氧化物(氧化铁、氧化钴、氧化镍)和六方氮化硼为反应前驱体,在大腔体压机提供的高温高压条件下(5GPa、1 673K),通过发生复合高压固相复分解(HPSSM)反应合成组分可调控的三元铁基金属氮化物圆球状块体材料ε-Fe_(3-x)M_xN_(1+δ)(M=Co,Ni)。并利用X射线粉末衍射(XPD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等多种材料表征手段对高压合成的三元铁基金属氮化物进行结构表征,同时基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算探究压力对HPSSM反应的影响。研究结果表明,高压密闭环境有利于制备高质量金属氮化物,HPSSM反应合成法是制备铁基金属氮化物块体材料的一种有效方法。     

Compression behavior and phase transition of β-Si_3N_4 under high pressure

The compressibility and pressure-induced phase transition of β-Si_3N_4 were investigated by using an angle dispersive x-ray diffraction technique in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. Rietveld refinements of the x-ray powder diffraction data verified that the hexagonal structure(with space group P63/m, Z = 2 formulas per unit cell) β-Si_3N_4 remained stable under high pressure up to 37 GPa. Upon increasing pressure, β-Si3 N4 transformed to δ-Si_3N_4 at about 41 GPa. The initial β-Si_3N_4 was recovered as the pressure was released to ambient pressure, implying that the observed pressureinduced phase transformation was reversible. The pressure–volume data of β-Si_3N_4 was fitted by the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state, which yielded a bulk modulus K_0= 273(2) GPa with its pressure derivative K_0= 4(fixed)and K0= 278(2) GPa with K 0= 5. Furthermore, the compressibility of the unit cell axes(a and c-axes) for the β-Si_3N_4 demonstrated an anisotropic property with increasing pressure.