二氧化碳催化加氢及其研究进展*

综述了二氧化碳热催化加氢的现状和研究进展,为进一步开展二氧化碳催化加氢的研究提供参考     

物理化学在线课程教学设计与实践——以热力学第二定律与卡诺热机为例*

提出在线课程应立足于对线下课堂教学内容的疏导、梳理、凝练和升华,并以“热力学第二定律与卡诺热机”在线课程为例进行介绍。采用问题链形式引导学生从卡诺热机推导热力学第二定律数学表达式,阐明了卡诺热机在热力学第二定律形成过程中的重要作用和地位,强调了卡诺对于热力学的重要贡献,培养了学生探究精神和学科素养。为在线课程提供了教学案例和设计思路。     

最大泡压法测表面张力等温线的数据处理方法比较*

对乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、3-甲基丁酸、正戊酸、正己酸、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、1,2-丙二醇等13种常用试剂在25 ℃下的表面张力数据拟合方法进行了比较,分析了图解法处理数据及多项式、一阶指数函数、幂函数、Shishkovsky经验公式拟合数据的优缺点。指出Shishkovsky经验公式拟合结果准确,受数据样本量影响小,是理想的表面张力数据拟合方法。     

基于显微光谱法的双壳类海洋生物中微塑料的检测方法研究

建立准确、高效的微塑料分析方法是研究微塑料在环境中的迁移、转化、归趋和生态毒理效应的前提。该研究系统优化了4种消解条件和滤膜种类,建立了用显微红外和拉曼光谱检测海产品中微塑料的方法,确定使用氢氧化钾在40 ℃下消解36 h,并用混合纤维素滤膜过滤的前处理方法。结果显示,大颗粒微塑料可使用显微红外全反射（ATR）、成像模式和显微拉曼单点检测模式进行检测,小颗粒微塑料可使用显微拉曼单点检测模式或显微拉曼和显微红外的成像模式进行检测。该文通过分析典型双壳类海洋生物中的微塑料,系统研究了检测微塑料的光谱方法。     

基于酶辅助靶标循环的适体传感器灵敏检测中药中黄曲霉毒素B1

该文基于酶辅助靶标循环信号放大策略构建了用于黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)高灵敏检测的化学发光适体传感器。以G-四链体/氯化血红素DNA酶为信号分子设计了免标记的适体探针H1-S1和发夹探针H2。适体探针结合目标AFB1,在核酸外切酶I辅助下,触发靶标循环反应产生发夹H1。发夹H1与H2杂交,释放出完整的G-四链体序列,并进一步与氯化血红素结合形成G-四链体/氯化血红素DNA酶。DNA酶通过催化氧化鲁米诺-H2O2化学发光体系产生化学发光信号,实现AFB1的放大检测。在最优实验条件下,化学发光强度与AFB1质量浓度的对数在0.001~100 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.9955,检出限为0.93 pg/mL,回收率为93.7%~107%。该适体传感器操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性好,在黄曲霉毒素污染检测方面具有良好的应用前景。     

矿物元素指纹图谱的建立及在西洋参产地鉴别中的应用研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了山东、吉林、美国和加拿大4个产地西洋参中50种矿物元素的含量,研究了不同产地西洋参矿物元素的差别和转换系数,构建了西洋参的矿物元素指纹图谱。以各产地矿物元素含量的平均值构建了山东、吉林、美国和加拿大产西洋参的矿物元素标准指纹图谱。采用SPSS 20.0计算了各西洋参矿物元素指纹图谱与其矿物元素标准指纹图谱的相似度,确定了山东、吉林、美国和加拿大产西洋参矿物元素指纹图谱的相似度阈值分别为0.93、0.91、0.98和0.93。通过比较未知产地西洋参矿物元素指纹图谱与矿物元素标准指纹图谱的相似度,进行西洋参的产地判别。采用20批未知产地西洋参样品验证模型的准确性,正确率为85%。此外,研究表明,不同生长年限和不同部位西洋参样品对所建立的西洋参产地鉴别方法无影响。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品接触材料及制品中9种酚类物质的迁移量

该文建立了苯酚、甲酚类、二甲酚类等9种酚类物质迁移量同时测定的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测方法。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB－Aq色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇－水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,荧光检测器测定,激发波长为214 nm,发射波长为315 nm。优化了含油脂食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的提取方式,并考察了线性范围、准确度及精密度等方法性能参数。研究结果表明,含油脂食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的最佳提取溶剂为67%甲醇溶液,9种酚类物质在水基及油脂类食品模拟物中的线性相关系数（r2）均高于0.999,回收率为90.7%～99.8%,相对标准偏差均低于6.0%。5种水基食品模拟物中9种酚类物质的定量下限为0.07～0.10 mg/L,橄榄油中9种酚类物质的定量下限为0.15～0.20 mg/kg。方法成功应用于11批食品接触用聚碳酸酯（PC）塑料制品、15批涂层制品中9种酚类物质迁移量的测定。该方法灵敏度高、精密度好,可为食品接触材料及制品中9种酚类物质迁移量的分析提供技术支持。     

快速固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中25种磺酰脲类及磺酰胺类除草剂残留

建立了快速固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）同时测定水产品中25种磺酰脲类及磺酰胺类除草剂残留的分析方法。样品以乙腈提取、盐析除水后,经SHIMSEN QVet－NM + 固相萃取柱净化,采用Shim－pack GIST C18柱（2.1 mm × 50 mm × 2.0 μm）进行液相色谱分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液－乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾电离源、多反应监测（MRM）模式进行定量分析,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,25种待测化合物在0.20 ~ 50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（r2 ＞ 0.994）,方法检出限（LOD）为0.30 ~ 1.3 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为1.2 ~ 5.0 μg/kg,在3个加标水平的回收率为62.7% ~ 122%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.72% ~ 18%。该方法简便快速,准确性好、灵敏度高,可为水产品中农药残留的监控提供一种更为高效的技术支持。     

Conductive 2D Metal-organic Framework (Co,NiCo, Ni) Nanosheets for Enhanced Non-enzymatic Detection of Urea

2D metal-organic framework (MOF) has potential applications in electrocatalysis owing to fast mass transfer, charge transfer and large specific surface area. Here, we had prepared three conductive 2D MOF based on Ni, NiCo and Co in a simple and rapid way. The 2D nanostructure of MOF was confirmed by SEM and TEM. The chemical composition was studied by XRD, Raman and XPS spectrum. The electrochemical oxidation and detection was investigated through cyclic voltammetry and current-time method. Their sensing performance for urea was determined by varying oxidation potentials and metal sites. The non-enzymatic Ni-, NiCo- and Co-MOF sensors had good catalytic activity for urea. Compared with NiCo- and Co-MOF, Ni-MOF had a wider linear range (0.5–832.5 μM), high sensitivity (1960 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), low detection limit (0.471 μM), and fast response time. The sensors had well repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity to specific interfering species. Furthermore, Ni- and NiCo-MOF modified electrode was also applied to detection of milk samples. The results showed that the recovery was satisfactory, which further confirmed the effectiveness of non-enzyme sensor. In general, the highly-sensitive 2D Ni- and NiCo-MOF modified electrode has great potential as nonenzymatic urea sensors for real samples detection in hydrogen energy, clinical diagnostics, and environmental protection, et al.     

Sustainable Route for Synthesizing Aluminosilicate EU-1 Zeolite

Developing sustainable routes for the synthesis of zeolites is still a vital and challenging task in zeolite scientific community. One of the typical examples is sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite, which is not very efficient and environmental-unfriendly under hydrothermal condition due to the use of a large amount of water as solvent. Herein, we report a sustainable synthesis route for aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite without the use of solvent for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the obtained EU-1 zeolite are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), N₂ sorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which show the product has high crystallinity, uniform morphology, large BET surface area, and four-coordinated aluminum species. Moreover, the impact of synthesis conditions is investigated in detail. The sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite under solvent-free