电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定生物样品中13种元素

用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了生物样品中13种元素(铝、钡、钾、钠、钙镁、锰、铁、锶、钛、磷、硫、硼),并建立了等离子体的稳健状态(高频功率1 150 W,载气压力1.92×105Pa),生物样品用浓硝酸与浓盐酸(3+1)的混合酸加压消解.为使样品溶解完全(特别对铝、钡及钛从样品中完全溶出)加入氢氟酸1～2滴(约0.1 mL).经试验,样品溶液中硝酸-盐酸混合酸以10份溶液中占1份(体积比)为宜,例如用硝酸-盐酸混合酸2.5 mL溶解0.5 g试样后,将溶液用水定容为25 mL,提出选用一种生物标准物质(GBW 07602)与样品同时操作后制作校正曲线为验证所提出方法的可行性,按方法分析了几种生物样品的标准物质(GBW 10014,GBW 10015GBW 10046,GBW 07604等),所测得各元素的含量与证书值一致.     

原子吸收光谱法测定镍基合金中痕量铋

镍基合金中痕量铋的测定,在仪器分析中多数用石墨炉法,氢化物法进行测定.本法运用混合酸溶解镍基合金.然后运用电化学原理将铋析出于阴极,再用硝酸溶解,用原子吸收分光光度法在空气-乙炔火焰中对铋进行测定.本法可测定0.1μg·ml~(-1)的铋,铋的回收率达98%,精密度为1%,结果令人满意.1 仪器与试剂310型原子吸收分光光度计(上海分析仪器厂)铂网阴极;螺旋式阳极混合酸(氢氟酸 浓硝酸 浓盐酸=1 10 2)试剂均为分析纯2 分析方法称取10g镍基合金(含10%Co、8%Cr、6%Mo,1%Ti、6%Al和4%Ta,并在溶解前加入不同量的铋作回收试验),在铂皿中加混合酸10ml,加热溶解后再加H_2SO_4(1 1)20ml,用水稀释至约300ml,加入二盐酸肼8g以分解铋的络合物,制成溶液A,再配制两个含铜的溶液,将3.2g高纯度紫铜溶于HNO_3(1 1)20ml中,煮沸,稀释至1L,制成溶液B.取B溶液80ml,加入浓HNO_(3)120ml及H_2SO_4(1 1)400ml.将此混合液用水稀至4L,制成溶液C.     

普鲁士兰修饰碳黑微电极同时微分伏安法测定多巴胺和坑坏血酸

将含有1.0%普鲁士蓝的碳黑与固体石蜡按2.5∶1(质量比)混合后装入φ0.2mm的石英毛细管中,在其上端插入一铂丝并抛光后即制成普鲁士蓝修饰碳黑微电极.对多巴胺(DA)及抗坏血酸(VC)在此电极上的电化学行为及应用此电极测定两组分的最佳条件进行了研究,在定量测定中采用二次微分线性扫描伏安法.在最佳条件下,DA与VC的峰电流(i″p)分别与各自的浓度保持如下线性关系:DA为4.0×10-6～8.0×10-4mol·L-1,VC为6.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol·L-1;检出限(3σ)依次为2.0×10-6mol·L-1及1.0×10-5mol·L-1.应用此方法分析了3种含DA及VC的混合溶液,测得结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)依次小于2.0%及3.0%,回收率范围依次为96.5%～101.0%及95.0%～102.5%.     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水果中铜铁锌

用非完全消化法处理杏、油桃和草莓样品,即在低温下用浓硝酸-高氯酸(3+1)混合酸消解样品,再加入乳化剂TX-10溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂,将所得橙红色的均匀透明溶液用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铜、铁和锌元素的含量.对样品处理条件、混合酸中杂质及共存TX-10的干扰进行了试验.铜、铁和锌的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.019,0.145,0.009 mg·L-1.用此法测定水果实样中铜、铁和锌的含量,所得结果与灰化法测定结果相一致.     

微波消解试样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和铜

采用浓硝酸-过氧化氢(体积比5比1)混合酸对茶叶试样进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铅和铜的含量。对消解酸体系、仪器工作条件进行了优化。铅的质量浓度在0.95～3.80mg·L~(-1)、铜的质量浓度在0.108～0.864mg·L~(-1)范围分别与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)分别为18.3,15.9μg·L~(-1)。方法用于分析茶叶试样,铅和铜加标回收率分别为98.8%～102.4%和93.3%～100.0%之间。     

邻苯二酚在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

叙述了多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极的制备方法,多壁碳纳米管用前需经硫酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸预处理以增强其反应活性.与裸玻碳电极相比,多壁碳纳米管修饰电极具有更高的氧化还原峰电流和更低的氧化电位.试验优化了支持电解质、pH值、扫描速率等测定条件,此法测定邻苯二酚的线性范围为4.0×10-7～8.0×10-5mol·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为6.0×10-8mol·L-1.应用于模拟水样中邻苯二酚的测定.在4个浓度水平上用标准加入法作了回收试验,测得其回收率在99.2%～103.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于3.5%.     

基于β-咔啉希夫碱的Al~(3+)荧光探针的合成及其性能研究

以L-色氨酸甲酯盐酸盐和2-喹啉甲醛为原料,通过多步反应合成3-{N'-(2-羟基苯亚甲基)甲酰肼基}-1-(喹啉-2-基)-9H-β-咔啉(QCS),并通过1H NMR、13C NMR、ESI-MS对其结构进行了表征。探针QCS对Al3+有特异性响应,可在9~100μmol/L范围定量检测Al3+,相关系数r2=0.999 1,检出限为4.40×10-9mol/L。在乙醇-水(体积比9∶1)的混合体系中,探针与Al3+的络合比为1∶1,络合常数Ka=(2.91±0.22)×103(mol/L)-1,且该探针与Al3+络合后的荧光强度在p H 5.0~8.0范围保持稳定,满足环境水样及生命体系的检测条件要求。     

EU-1分子筛相邻酸性位的DFT计算和酸性表征

利用量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),对EU-1分子筛中与T1、T2、T3、T6、T7、T8位相邻的骨架铝原子的落位稳定性及酸强度进行理论计算.通过计算得知,双Al原子在EU-1分子筛骨架中优先落位于Al7(Si6-Si7)Al8、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al1、Al2(Si1-Si2)Al2、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al3、Al1(Si2)Al3;根据(Al/Si,H)取代能确定了质子的落位,质子氢较易落位于(O12-H)Al1-(O12-H)Al1、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O13-H)、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O12-H)、(O14-H)Al2-(O14-H)Al2、Al2(O12-H)-(O14-H)Al2、Al1(O12-H)-(O15-H)Al3、(O26-H)Al7-Al8(O28-H);且根据质子亲和势分析知,EU-1分子筛骨架中质子氢落位于NNN位的Brnsted酸强度小于NNNN位.借助1H MAS NMR分析合成的不同硅铝比的样品,可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛Brnsted酸吸收峰的面积增加;由NH3-TPD可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸脱附峰温度降低,酸强度减小.硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸表现出酸量高、酸强度低的性质.     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分离分析甲酚异构体

提出了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法同时分离测定邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的方法。含甲酚异构体的样品与衍生化试剂按1比8(质量比)混合,加热回流衍生2 h。3种异构体的转化率依次为98.1%,99.0%,98.5%。选用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱作为反相色谱柱,以甲醇和水以体积比为35比65的混合溶液为流动相,在260nm波长处进行测定,乙酸邻甲酚酯、乙酸间甲酚酯的峰面积与其浓度在(0.05～3.75)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,而乙酸对甲酚酯在(0.03～2.25)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为1.88×10~(-5),1.88×10~(-5),1.13×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。此方法应用于实际样品的测定,回收率分别为104%,95%,100%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.22%,2.34%,0.90%。     

柱后衍生-离子对反相高效液相色谱法测定不同基质中亚硫酸盐

应用离子对反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同基质样品中亚硫酸盐的含量.不同样品中的亚硫酸根先后用稀盐酸及山梨醇的混合溶液和乙酸钠及山梨醇的混合溶液提取,并离心分离,所得上清液中的亚硫酸根与甲醛反应生成羟甲基磺酸盐(HMS)而使之固定.用Venusil MP C18柱作固定相,并用三乙基辛烷膦酸铵(pH 5.0)溶液与甲醇以9比1(体积比)混合所得溶液作流动相对试液进行离子对色谱分离.在柱后衍生系统中,分出的HMS先与氢氧化钾作用而重新释出亚硫酸根阴离子,再与5,5-二巯基-2,2-二硝基苯甲酸进行衍生反应,生成5-巯基-2-硝基-苯甲酸,对此产物在450 nm波长处进行分光光度检测,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.15 mg·L-1.用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在85.9%～105.2%之间.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.