苯基脲与甲醇合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的研究

采用苯基脲与甲醇反应合成了苯氨基甲酸甲酯,考察了不同催化剂、原料配比及反应工艺条件的影响,确定了适宜的合成条件,并根据产物分布对催化反应机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,以PbO为催化剂,于140℃反应4h后,苯基脲转化率为95.2%,苯氨基甲酸甲酯收率为80.6%.     

氧化锌催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯分解反应

 对氧化锌催化二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)分解制二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)反应进行了研究,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量以及原料浓度等对反应的影响. 结果表明,适宜的反应条件为催化剂用量2.1%, MDC浓度3.5%, 反应温度260 ℃, 反应时间20～30 min, 此时MDC转化率为99.5%, MDI产率为40.0%, 碳化二亚胺改性二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(C-MDI)的产率为49.7%. 进一步研究发现,15%的醋酸锌溶液经草酸铵沉淀(不陈化)后,在500 ℃下焙烧4 h得到六方相的氧化锌,晶体的平均粒径为100～200 nm, 以其为催化剂时MDC转化率为99.1%, MDI的产率为52.1%, 同时还得到27.7%的 C-MDI.     

有机锡催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯分解的研究

对几种锡化合物催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)热分解制苯基异氰酸酯(PI)反应进行了研究, 发现二丁基氧化锡具有较高的催化活性. 用HPLC-MS确定了分解的未知副产物为二苯基碳化二亚胺(DPCD). 分析认为生成N,N'-二苯基脲(DPU)和DPCD的反应为合成PI的主要竞争反应. 常压下以Bu₂SnO为催化剂时的适宜反应条件为以邻二氯苯(ODCB)为溶剂, 溶剂用量为MPC用量的15倍(质量比), Bu₂SnO用量为MPC用量的0.075 (摩尔比), 反应时间1 h. 此条件下MPC转化率为85.17%, PI收率为67.65%.     

一步催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯

研究了以H4SiW12O40-ZrO2/SiO2为催化剂,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、苯胺和甲醛溶液为原料,一步催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(MDC)的反应,考察了反应时间、反应温度和H4SiW12O40负载量等反应条件对催化性能的影响.适宜的反应条件是:DMC/苯胺/甲醛摩尔比为20/1/0.05,H4SiW12O40负载量为10%,443 K下反应7 h后降温到373 K下反应4.5 h.在此优化条件下,MDC的收率为24.9%.     

碳酸二甲酯胺解合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯催化研究

研究了Sn、Ti、Zn、Pb类型的催化剂对碳酸二甲酯与苯胺反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)的催化性能，对活性较好的PbO催化剂作了比较详细的研究，发现在170℃，反应回流4h，PbO的用量为苯胺摩尔数的7．5％时，苯胺的转化率可以达到81％．对二元金属氧化物催化剂作了一定的考察，发现Pb2O4—ZnO复合催化剂的活性比单独使用Pb3O4或ZnO时高，显示出一定的增效作用．     

负载PbO催化剂对苯胺与碳酸二甲酯合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的催化性能

 考察了几种负载PbO催化剂对苯胺(An)与碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)的催化性能. 结果表明, PbO/SiO2对该反应表现出很高的催化活性. 当w(PbO)=3.6%, n(PbO)/n(An)=1%, n(DMC)/n(An)=5, θ=160 ℃和t=4 h时, MPC收率达到99.5%. PbO/SiO2容易从反应体系中分离,且可重复使用5次,催化活性基本保持不变,使用寿命较长.     

苯氨基甲酸甲酯分解催化剂Bi-Zn复合氧化物的制备及其催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Bi-Zn复合氧化物催化剂并将其用于催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)分解制备苯基异氰酸酯(PI).用热重、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱考察了Bi/Zn摩尔比和焙烧温度对催化剂物相结构和表面性质的影响.结果表明,Zn的加入使Bi_2O_3由α晶相转变为活性更高的β晶相,500℃焙烧时Bi-Zn前驱体分解较为完全,析出Bi_2O_3粒子的同时伴生较多Bi_(7.65)Zn_(0.35)O_(11.83)晶相.在Bi/Zn摩尔比为2/1,焙烧温度为500℃条件下制得的催化剂活性最高,此时MPC转化率为86.O%,PI选择性为91.7%,优于单独使用Bi_2O_3时的催化性能.     

苯胺与碳酸二甲酯反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯

 在系统研究PbO催化剂对苯胺与碳酸二甲酯反应合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯（MPC）的催化性能的基础上，考察了不同载体负载的PbO的催化性能，筛选出活性较高的SiO2载体．以SiO2为载体，考察了不同活性组分对MPC合成的催化性能，优选出了具有较高催化活性的In2O3／SiO2催化剂．在该催化剂的催化下，苯胺转化率可达75．98％，MPC选择性为78．24％．     

KF/Al2O3催化剂上苯脲醇解合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的研究

采用浸渍法制备负载KF固体碱催化剂,应用于苯脲和甲醇制备苯氨基甲酸甲酯的反应,考察了氧化物载体、卤化钾种类对催化剂性能的影响,KF/Al₂O₃催化剂显示出良好的催化活性和苯氨基甲酸甲酯的选择性。通过对KF/Al₂O₃催化剂中KF的负载量和催化剂焙烧温度的研究发现,在500 ℃焙烧4 h、负载质量分数50%KF的催化剂能够更好地促进MPC生成,苯脲转化率和苯氨基甲酸甲酯选择性分别达到96.5%和86.3%。XRD分析表明,KF与Al₂O₃之间存在较强的相互作用,部分转化为K₃AlF₆。KF与K₃AlF₆分别对甲醇的活化和苯脲的选择性起促进作用,两者的协同效应共同促进了目标产物苯氨基甲酸甲酯的生成。     

二氧化碳高值利用合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯（英文）

苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)是合成二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的关键原料。以二氧化碳(CO₂)及其等价物或衍生物作为碳源合成MPC代表了绿色和可持续的精细化学品合成方法。基于该领域研究,概述了基于CO₂转化合成苯氨基甲酸甲酯的研究方法进展。合成路线包括研究较多的CO₂等价物(尿素或苯基脲)醇解法,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)氨解法以及二苯基脲和DMC耦合反应法。另外,最理想的合成方法是近几年发展的苯胺、CO₂和甲醇三组分“一锅”反应法,以及使用脂肪胺类原料构建氨基甲酸烷基酯类化合物,其代表了最有前景的CO₂利用途径之一。详细探讨了反应机理和催化剂选择等问题。研究进展将为进一步提升绿色催化和可持续化学过程效率提供重要理论支持。     

A Novel Non-phosgene Process for the Synthesis of Methyl N-Phenyl Carbamate from Methanol and Phenylurea： Effect of Solvent and Catalyst

A novel environmentally benign process for the synthesis of methyl N-phenyl carbamate (MPC) from methanol and phenylurea was studied. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the reaction behavior was investigated. The IR spectra of methanol and phenylurea dissolved in different solvents were also recorded. Compared with use of methanol as both a reactant and a solvent, phenylurea conversion and selectivity to MPC increased by using toluene, benzene or anisole as a solvent, while phenylurea conversion decreased slightly by using n-octane as a solvent. The phenylurea conversion declined nearly 50% when dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a reaction media, and MPC selectivity decreased as well. The catalytic reaction tests showed that a basic catalyst enhanced the selectivity to MPC while an acidic catalyst promoted the formation of methyl carbamate and aniline. Moderate degree of basicity showed the best catalytic performance in the cases studied.     

酸催化三聚甲醛与甲酸甲酯偶联反应过程的分析

以硫酸为催化剂,研究了三聚甲醛与甲酸甲酯偶联合成乙醇酸甲酯和甲氧基乙酸甲酯的反应中,催化剂浓度、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对反应过程的影响,通过对产物收率和系统压力变化的分析,并结合与其它不同酸强度催化剂的对比,得到甲醛的活化是偶联反应的速率控制步骤,催化剂的酸强度决定其对甲醛的活化能力,是影响偶联反应的主要因素.     

磺酸型阳离子交换树脂催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

以磺酸型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，由肉桂酸和甲醇合成了肉桂酸甲酯。考察了反应条件对酯化反应的影响和树脂的催化稳定性。结果表明，肉桂酸的转化率可达９５．５％，且催化剂的性能稳定。     

Catalytic Preparation of Methyl Formate from Methanol over Silver

A catalytic reaction over a silver catalyst performed in an unregarded temperature region（473-873 K） with a long catalytic lifetime for the production of methyl formate from methanol was provided as a potential preparing route. The optimal yield of methyl formate（ca. 14. 8% ） with a selectivity 〉90% was obtained at about 573 K. Because α- oxygen species and bulk oxygen species coexist in the unregarded temperature region, a synergistic process concerning α-oxygen species and bulk oxygen species was proved over Oα -rich and Oγ-rich samples.     

Carbonylation of nitrobenzene in methanol with palladium bidentate phosphane complexes: an unexpectedly complex network of catalytic reactions, centred around a Pd-imido intermediate

The reactivity of palladium complexes of bidentate diaryl phosphane ligands (P₂) was studied in the reaction of nitrobenzene with CO in methanol. Careful analysis of the reaction mixtures revealed that, besides the frequently reported reduction products of nitrobenzene [methyl phenyl carbamate (MPC), N,N′‐diphenylurea (DPU), aniline, azobenzene (Azo) and azoxybenzene (Azoxy)], large quantities of oxidation products of methanol were co‐produced (dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dimethyl oxalate (DMO), methyl formate (MF), H₂O, and CO). From these observations, it is concluded that several catalytic processes operate simultaneously, and are coupled via common catalytic intermediates. Starting from a P₂Pd⁰ compound formed in situ, oxidation to a palladium imido compound P₂Pd^II?NPh, can be achieved by de‐oxygenation of nitrobenzene 1) with two molecules of CO, 2) with two molecules of CO and the acidic protons of two methanol molecules, or 3) with all four hydrogen atoms of one methanol molecule. Reduction of P₂Pd^II?NPh to P₂Pd⁰ makes the overall process catalytic, while at the same time forming Azo(xy), MPC, DPU and aniline. It is proposed that the Pd–imido species is the central key intermediate that can link together all reduction products of nitrobenzene and all oxidation products of methanol in one unified mechanistic scheme. The relative occurrence of the various catalytic processes is shown to be dependent on the characteristics of the catalysts, as imposed by the ligand structure.     

Catalytic synthesis of methylene diphenyl dicarbamate from methyl phenyl carbamate and trioxane over sulfuric acid catalyst

Methylene diphenyl dicarbamate (MDC) was synthesized from methyl phenyl carbamate (MPC) and trioxane using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants and the content of catalyst have been studied in details. The results showed that H₂SO₄ exhibited high catalytic activity with the merits of moderate reaction velocity. Under the conditions of n(MPC)/n(trioxane) = 3:1, reaction temperature of 95°C, reaction time of 3.5 h and 30% H₂SO₄, the conversion of MPC reached 99.0% with the selectivity of MDC 81.6%. Moreover, the H₂SO₄ catalyst was reused five times without obviously activity decrease. Based on the identification of byproducts, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.