同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测烟道气中的低氯代二恶英

建立了同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱检测烟道气中痕量低氯代二恶英的分析方法。采用索氏提取富集烟道气样品中的目标物,提取液经过复合硅胶柱和碱性氧化铝柱净化后,进行高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱检测。采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）分离,以保留时间和同位素特征离子丰度比定性,以与同位素的峰面积比值定量。实验结果表明,方法的回收率为66.6%~112.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）的范围为19.9%~40.5%（n=5）,方法的检出限（LOD）为0.027~0.485 μg/L。应用该方法检测了3个焚烧炉烟道气样品,回收率在85.7%~137.0%范围内,样品中目标物含量分布在11.4~9183 pg/Nm³之间。结果表明该方法适合用于烟道气中痕量低氯代二恶英的检测。     

同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中27种有机氯农药

采用同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定土壤、沉积物中的27种有机氯农药。以二氯甲烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液为提取溶剂对样品进行加速溶剂萃取,萃取液分别经凝胶渗透色谱柱和硅胶、氧化铝混合柱净化后,在DB-5MS非极性色谱柱上分离,以同位素稀释法进行定性定量分析。检出限(3s)不大于0.11μg·L-1,加标回收率在65.1%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于7.0%。     

气相色谱-串联质谱同位素内标法测定中草药中124种农药及其代谢物残留

建立测定中草药中124种农药及其代谢物残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS-MS)方法。采用同位素内标法,样品经乙腈提取,采用混合型固相分散萃取剂净化,加入分析保护剂校正基质效应。色谱柱为DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),程序升温,GC-MS-MS测定。124种农药残留在0.005~0.40μg/m L内呈线性关系,在0.06~0.3 mg/kg内的平均回收率为84.8%~108.7%,RSD为2.1%~12%,方法检出限(LOD)为0.005~0.013 mg/kg。该方法适合于中草药中农药多残留的同时检测。     

自组装管尖固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定水果中的15种酸性农药

建立自组装管尖固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱检测水果中15种酸性农药残留的分析方法。水果样品经甲酸-乙腈(1∶99,体积比)提取后,以官能化聚苯乙烯/二乙烯苯(PEP)和亲水作用色谱(HILIC)作为吸附填料进行管尖固相萃取净化。以T3色谱柱进行色谱分离,采用高分辨质谱的t SIM/dd MS2扫描模式进行定性、定量分析,内标法测定。15种酸性农药在各自线性范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。方法的定量下限(LOQ)为0.2~10μg/kg。在LOQ,10μg/kg,100μg/kg加标水平下,15种酸性农药的回收率为73.5%~115.9%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~8.3%。该方法灵敏、准确,适用于水果中酸性农药残留的分析测定,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

气相色谱法测定黄芪饮片中有机氯类农药残留

采用气相色谱电子捕获检测器(ECD)测定黄芪饮片中9种有机氯类农药残留。黄芪饮片样品以丙酮、二氯甲烷提取,浓硫酸磺化,采用HP–5(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)色谱柱,气化室温度为250℃,检测器温度为300℃。以标准曲线法计算农药含量,加标回收率为94.5%~104.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.7%~2.7%,检出限为0.061~0.175 ng/m L。该方法简单、快速、稳定、可靠,可用于黄芪饮片中9种有机氯类农药残留的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查土豆中的多种农药残留

采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用技术(UPLC/Q Orbitrap),建立土豆中农药多残留的快速筛查方法。样品采用乙腈为提取溶剂,PSA分散固相萃取净化。以BEH C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,通过静电场轨道阱质谱全扫描获得农药的精确质量数,以Full Scan/ddMS2进行定性筛查和定量检测。对欧盟考核样品土豆中175种农药残留进行分析,共从考核样品中定性筛查出17种农药残留。17种农药的高分辨质谱分析方法定量限为1~5μg/kg,在1~250μg/L的浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.99);平均加标回收率为83.1%~115.5%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~11.8%之间。定量测定17种农药的含量范围在0.002~1.714 mg/kg之间,z评分在!1.00~1.24之间。本方法简单精确,灵敏度高,样品处理快捷简便,适用于农产品中农药多残留的快速筛查。     

固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量

建立了中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法,并对7种中草药及其土壤中多种有机氯农药残留量的相关性进行了初步研究。样品以正己烷-丙酮用超声波提取,Florisil(1 g)固相萃取小柱快速净化提取物。采用SPB-5弹性石英毛细管柱分离样品,GC-ECD检测7种中草药及其土壤中的13种有机氯农药的残留量。方法的线性范围为1.26×10-10~2.24×10-7g/mL;检出限为6.4×10-11~6.1×10-10g/mL;加样平均回收率为87.3%~104.4%(RSD为1.1%~7.0%)。     

同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤/底泥中23种有机氯农药

建立了同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法(ID-GC-MS))测定土壤/底泥中23种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品经干燥、研磨、筛分处理后用250 mL丙酮-正己烷(体积比为1:1)混合溶剂进行索氏提取24 h,再经铜粉、凝胶渗透色谱和弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,最后用DB-5毛细管柱进行分离和电子轰击电离源质谱在选择离子监测模式下进行检测,并用 13C标记同位素稀释内标法定量。实验结果表明,23种化合物的标准曲线的线性相关性良好,线性范围为50～1600 μg/L,同位素内标的回收率范围为60%～110%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～18%;方法的检出限为0.20～10.3 μg/kg。该方法的净化效果较好,定量准确,适用于土壤/底泥这类复杂基质中农药残留的确证分析。     

大流量采样高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱法测定大气中的多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚

建立了大流量空气采样高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)同时分析测定大气样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)和多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。结果表明在采样过程中污染物没有发生穿透。通过添加 13C同位素标准物质进行评价,PCBs和PBDEs的加标回收率分别为60.7%～121.4%和69.9%～140.4%,均符合美国环保署相关方法的要求。PCBs和PBDEs的方法检出限分别低于0.019 pg/m3和0.189 pg/m3;色谱分离效果良好,可以满足大气样品中PCBs和PBDEs的监测需要。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测血清中有机氯农药残留的研究

建立了血清中DDTs和BHCs共8种有机氯农药残留的固相萃取-气相色谱检测方法。样品经超声酸化沉淀蛋白后,采用正己烷-丙酮(9∶1)经Cleanert ODS C18N固相萃取小柱提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,氮气吹干,以500μL正己烷定容,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行定量分析。结果表明,方法的线性范围2~200 ng/m L,相关系数(r)为0.996 4~0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.1~0.9 ng/m L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.4~3.0 ng/m L。8种农药的回收率为80.5%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~7.9%。该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于血清样品中痕量有机氯农药的检测。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定土壤中有机氯及有机磷农药

建立了快速溶剂萃取（ASE）-气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）同时分析土壤中8种有机氯农药（OCPs）和5种有机磷农药（OPPs）的方法。样品由正己烷-丙酮（1：1,v/v）溶液萃取,经无水硫酸钠脱水、氮吹仪浓缩后,采用硅胶（Si）固相萃取小柱进行净化,正己烷-丙酮（1：1,v/v）溶液进行洗脱,然后经HP-5MS色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）分离,在电子轰击电离源下以多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测,内标法定量。分析结果表明,13种目标物在1.00~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R）大于0.995;加标回收率为66.8%~88.4%,能够实现准确定量;日内精密度与日间精密度均小于10%。当取样量为10.0 g时,8种OCPs的方法检出限为0.02~0.04 μg/kg,5种OPPs的方法检出限为0.06~0.12 μg/kg,能够满足土壤农药残留的检测要求。     

Determination of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in soil samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction

An analytical procedure was developed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their metabolites in sandy soil samples. The developed procedures involving fiber selection, temperature effect, absorption time, soil matrix and the addition of solvents of different polarity were optimized. Also, the results were compared to those achieved using Soxhlet extraction standard method. The 100-microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 65-microm PDMS-divinylbenzene showed good extraction efficiency for 18 organochlorine pesticides. An increase in the extraction efficiency of organochlorine pesticides and the metabolites was observed when the temperature increased, and an optimum temperature of 70 degrees C for extracting OCPs was obtained. The application of other hydrophilic solvents had different effects on the extraction of organochlorine pesticides and the metabolites. Higher responses of OCPs were obtained when 5 ml of water was added to the soil. Good linearity of OCPs between 0.2 and 4 ng/g soil was observed. The relative standard deviation was found to be lower than 25%. Also the limits of detection were between 0.06 and 0.65 ng/g, which were lower than those obtained using Soxhlet extraction. Moreover, the optimized HS-SPME procedure was applied to the analysis of OCPs in certified reference material (CRM) 804-050 soil and compared with Soxhlet extraction procedure. Results obtained in this study were in good agreement with those obtained using Soxhlet extraction. The mean values obtained using HS-SPME technique were in the range of 16.5 to 1459.6 mg/kg, which corresponds to the recoveries of 68% to 127% of the certified values of CRM soil.     

贻贝中有机氯农药和多氯联苯标准物质的研制及同位素稀释高分辨质谱法定值

建立了贻贝中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)标准物质的研制和定值方法,该研究对我国开展环境生物标准物质的研制具有重要的方法学借鉴价值。该标准物质样品为采自大连湾海域的贻贝,其定值目标物包括18种OCPs和16种PCBs,采用的定值测量方法是目前世界上最权威、最准确的同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱联用法(ID-HRGC/HRMS)。所研制的标准物质具有定值目标物种类多、不确定度较小(约10%)等特点。该标准物质是目前国际上唯一一种采用同位素稀释高分辨质谱法进行定值的底栖生物中OCPs标准物质,于2012年3月通过了国家一级标准物质的终审,并于2012年6月被国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家一级标准物质(GBW10069)。该标准物质可用于食品安全控制、环境监测、质量检测等领域相关分析方法的评价、测量质量控制及技术仲裁检验等。     

超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定烟草及烟草制品中19种有机氯农药残留

建立了超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法同时测定烟草及其制品中19种有机氯农药残留。样品采用正己烷-丙酮超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)进行检测。结果发现,19种有机氯农药加标回收率均在72%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.1%～9.0%,能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的同时快速检测要求。     

微孔有机聚合物固相微萃取纤维的制备及在有机氯农药检测中的应用

利用1,3,6,8-四(4-醛基)芘和三聚氰胺为单体合成微孔有机聚合物(MOP),并将其固定在不锈钢丝上,制备成固相微萃取纤维涂层。将其用于顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME),结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测手段,建立了对大米中有机氯农药的在线检测方法。实验考察了4种实验参数对富集能力的影响,得到了最优的实验条件:萃取温度80℃、萃取时间25 min、NaCl质量浓度200 g/L、解吸时间6 min。在此实验条件下,对有机氯农药的富集倍数达到115~318倍。方法在0.05~50μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为2.4~11.3 ng/kg。同一纤维及不同纤维富集后测定结果的相对标准偏差范围分别为1.3%~13.1%和2.3%~13.6%。该方法简单、快速,可以实现对实际样品中有机氯农药的痕量分析。     

基于QuEChERS净化/气相色谱法测定蔬菜及水果中16种有机氯农药残留

该文建立了蔬菜及水果中16种有机氯农药残留的QuEChERS净化/气相色谱快速检测方法。样品经1%冰乙酸乙腈处理,QuEChERS净化,气相色谱分离后,以色谱峰保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果表明:16种有机氯农药在2.0~100μg/L质量浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.16~2.90μg/L,在4种基质(油菜、黄瓜、橙子、苹果)中的加标回收率为70.1%~119%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.23%~5.2%。与其它前处理方法相比,该方法简便、快速、准确、高效,可用于蔬菜及水果样品中有机氯残留的高通量快速筛查。     

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection analysis of trace organochlorine pesticides in water using novel benzo-15-crown-5 sol-gel coating

A novel dihydroxy-terminated benzo-15-crown-5 is synthesized and applied to prepare the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating with sol-gel technology. Headspace SPME, as a simple, solvent-free method, is applied to the analysis of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) present at trace levels in a water sample. A homemade crown ether fiber coated with 80- micro m thickness was used for extraction. Analyses are performed using gas chromatography-electroncapture detection. The optimization of the extraction process is studied. Compared with commercially available SPME fibers, polydimethylsiloxane, the new phases show better selectivity and sensitivity toward OCPs. The linear concentrations range from 1 to 1000 ng/L, the detection limits are in the range of 0.01-0.5 ng/L, the recoveries are over 85%, and relative standard deviations are below 7.2% for these OCPs.     

Quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides in sewage sludges using soxtec,soxhlet and pressurized liquid extractions and ion trap mass–mass spectrometric detection

A new analytical method is described for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sewage sludges using GC-ion trap-MS–MS. In this work, 16 organo-chlorine pesticides (OCPs) listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as priority pollutants were separated and quantified. Sludge samples from three of Kuwaits wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Spiked sludge samples were extracted with a mixture of (1:1 v/v) dichloromethane (DCM)/hexane. The extracts were cleaned on a silica/aluminum oxide column, then transferred to a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column, before undergoing further silica/aluminum oxide clean-up; the presence of OCPs was then confirmed by GC-ion trap-MS–MS. Three extraction techniques, soxtec, soxhlet, and pressurized liquid extractions were utilized, compared and validated using the spiked sludge samples. The methods were validated in term of accuracy (recovery) and precision (RSD). The method recovery values varyied from 76.1 to 92.9% for the three extraction techniques.