固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定枇杷花中有机氯农药残留量

建立了枇杷花中有机氯类农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法。对采自福建蒲田等12地的枇杷花中六六六(4种异构体)、滴滴涕(4种异构体)、五氯硝基苯共9种有机氯农药的残留量进行了测定。样品采用丙酮超声波提取,浓缩后过Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,洗脱剂为V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)100∶1。用DB-1701弹性石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品,微电子捕获检测器进行检测。9种有机氯农药的峰面积与其质量浓度均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,最低检测限为0.016~0.125μg/L,样品的加标回收率为85.4%~106.9%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~9.8%。该方法能够满足农药残留检测的要求。     

悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留量

建立了悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留量的方法。样品经石油醚提取、浓硫酸净化、悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取法浓缩后,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测,外标法定量。结果表明,9种农药含量在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2在0.99以上,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.01~0.07μg/kg。9种有机氯农药在1.75,7.00,28.0μg/kg 3个水平添加下,平均回收率范围为83.3%~116.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为1.5%~14%,方法已用于野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留的测定。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定桔梗中的多种有机氯农药残留量

建立分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定中药材桔梗中11种有机氯农药的残留量的测定方法。采用Agilent Sampliq QuEChERS分散固相萃取包进行样品处理。色谱条件为:HP-1701弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32mm,25μm),进样口温度为250℃,检测器为Ni63电子捕获检测器,检测器温度为300℃,不分流进样,程序升温,高纯氮气为载气。8种有机氯农药在0.02～0.2 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好(r0.999),其检出限范围为0.0015～0.0098 mg/kg,该方法的回收率为82.3%～104.1%,相对标准偏差不大于2.5%(n=5)。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测棉织品中的9种有机氯农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定棉织品中9种有机氯农药含量的方法。采用丙酮-石油醚超声萃取法提取纺织品中的农药残留物,采用填料粒径为5 μm的ODS色谱柱,甲醇-磷酸水溶液(pH 2.27)体系为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速0.8 mL/min,在波长230 nm下检测。9种农药在0.5~10 mg/L范围内峰面积与其浓度具有良好的线性关系(r2>0.9988)。该法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好、回收率高(85.5%~99.6%),可用于纺织品中有机氯杀虫剂和除草剂含量的测定。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药残留量

应用毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药的残留量。样品以乙酸乙酯提取,提取液用凝胶色谱-固相萃取(GPC-SEP)进行净化。采用DB-1701P石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离样品,电子捕获检测器进行检测。20种有机氯农药的线性范围均为1~50μg·L-1,检出限均为0.1μg·kg-1。方法用于沉香样品分析,加标回收率在95.8%~114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.3%~3.8%之间。     

凝胶柱前处理-气相色谱法测定火腿中多种有机膦农药残留量

用乙腈萃取火腿试样中的残留农药,所得萃取液经凝胶渗透色谱柱净化后用气相色谱法(带火焰光度法检测器)测定了9种农药的残留量,用外标法定量。HP-1701型毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.0μm)用于气相色谱分离,采用柱温250℃和检测器温度230℃,载气为氮气,流速为10 mL.min-1,测得三唑膦农药的测定限为2.8μg.kg-1,其它8种有机膦农药的测定限均为5μg.kg-1。用标准加入法测定回收率,9种农药的回收率均在70%以上。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测血清中有机氯农药残留的研究

建立了血清中DDTs和BHCs共8种有机氯农药残留的固相萃取-气相色谱检测方法。样品经超声酸化沉淀蛋白后,采用正己烷-丙酮(9∶1)经Cleanert ODS C18N固相萃取小柱提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,氮气吹干,以500μL正己烷定容,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行定量分析。结果表明,方法的线性范围2~200 ng/m L,相关系数(r)为0.996 4~0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.1~0.9 ng/m L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.4~3.0 ng/m L。8种农药的回收率为80.5%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~7.9%。该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于血清样品中痕量有机氯农药的检测。     

微波辅助萃取法测定烟草中有机氯类农药残留量

建立了一种微波辅助萃取-固相萃取净化测定烟草中17种有机氯类农药残留量的新方法. 样品用V(正己烷):V(乙酸乙酯)＝1:1提取, 提取液经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后, 采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)进行检测. 17种有机氯农药的0.01、 0.05 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg加标回收率均在82%以上, RSD在0.11%～8.2%之间, 能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的检测要求.     

加速溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定土壤中3种有机磷和9种有机氯农药

提出了气相色谱法测定土壤中3种有机磷和9种有机氯农药含量的方法。样品经粉碎后用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶剂经加速溶剂萃取仪在60℃静态萃取10min。采用Rtx-1701色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器测定3种有机磷农药;采用Rtx-CLPⅡ色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器测定9种有机氯农药。12种有机农药的质量浓度均在5.0～80μg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3s)在0.02～0.40μg·kg-1之间。以空白石英砂样品为基体,进行加标回收试验,回收率在78.5%～108%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在4.2%～9.9%之间。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定三九胃泰中20种有机氯农药残留量

提出了毛细管气相色谱法测定"三九胃泰"中20种有机氯残留量的方法。样品经正己烷提取,所得提取液经硫酸磺化。采用DB-1701P色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.5μm),在100℃～250℃温度区间采用程序升温方式进行分离,用电子捕获检测器测定。20种有机氯农药的检出限(3S/N)均为10μg·kg-1。用标准加入法测得回收率在70.2%～117%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.0%～1.8%之间。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法同时测定含脂羊毛中的28种有机氯拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的残留量

建立了快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法同时测定含脂羊毛中28种有机氯、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂残留量的方法。在80 ℃、10.34 MPa条件下用正己烷饱和的乙腈快速提取样品,提取物经冷冻除脂、浓缩、固相萃取净化处理后直接用气相色谱分析。结果表明:16种有机氯杀虫剂在0.005～1.0 mg/L范围内,9种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂及三氯杀螨醇、三氯杀螨砜在0.01～2.0 mg/L范围内,氟氯苯菊酯在0.02～4.0 mg/L范围内,其峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系。28种有机氯、拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的平均回收率为67.2%～107.7%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～29.0%。结果表明：该方法具有操作简便、快速方便、灵敏度高等特点,完全可满足含脂羊毛中28种有机氯拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂残留量初筛检测的要求。     

Application of SiO2 hollow fibers for sorptive microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of organochlorine pesticides in herbal matrices

A method involving simultaneous extraction and sample clean-up procedure: hollow fiber sorptive microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometric detection for quantification of seven organochlorine pesticides in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei is described. SiO₂ hollow fiber with porous structure was synthesized for the first time. The internal diameter of SiO₂ hollow fiber is 380 μm and average wall thickness is 100 μm. Aggregated SiO₂ particles deposited on the surface of the hollow fiber in a regular array lead to porous structure. SiO₂ hollow fiber was applied to the determination of organochlorine pesticides in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei to avoid sample clean-up and minimize the matrix effects. Extraction solvent, extraction temperature and equilibration time were optimized. Fiber to fiber repeatability over the concentration ranges were less than 10%. Recoveries were satisfactory (between 63% and 115%) for most of organochlorine pesticides at spiking levels. Furthermore, the proposed method was also applied to determine seven organochlorine pesticides in 43 commercial Radix et Rhizoma Rhei samples, in which the selected pesticides were found in eight samples. The results have been further confirmed by solvent extraction methods according to China Pharmacopoeia (2005).     

Optimisation of solid-phase microextraction coupled to HPLC-UV for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in environmental liquid samples

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure using two commercial fibers coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented for the extraction and determination of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. We have evaluated the extraction efficiency of this kind of compound using two different fibers: 60-μm polydimethylsiloxane–divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) and Carbowax/TPR-100 (CW/TPR). Parameters involved in the extraction and desorption procedures (e.g. extraction time, ionic strength, extraction temperature, desorption and soaking time) were studied and optimized to achieve the maximum efficiency. Results indicate that both PDMS-DVB and CW/TPR fibers are suitable for the extraction of this type of compound, and a simple calibration curve method based on simple aqueous standards can be used. All the correlation coefficients were better than 0.9950, and the RSDs ranged from 7% to 13% for 60-μm PDMS-DVB fiber and from 3% to 10% for CW/TPR fiber. Optimized procedures were applied to the determination of a mixture of six organochlorine pesticides in environmental liquid samples (sea, sewage and ground waters), employing HPLC with UV-diode array detector.     

亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱法检测红茶中多种农药残留

建立了亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测红茶中21种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法。在萃取压力为5 MPa条件下,样品经150 ℃的亚临界水提取15 min后,将目标物转移至丙酮-正己烷(1:1, v/v)中,经ENVI-Carb固相萃取净化小柱净化,DB-5毛细管气相色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行MS/MS检测,基质匹配溶液内标法定量。各目标物在5.0～320.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,其定量限(信噪比(S/N)＞10)为50 ng/g,检出限(S/N＞3)为10 ng/g。茶叶基质中添加50、100和200 ng/g的标准品时,21种农药的回收率为70.18%～119.98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.01%～11.76%。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求,适用于红茶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的检测。     

SPME and SPE comparative study for coupling with microwave-assisted micellar extraction in the analysis of organochlorine pesticides residues in seaweed samples

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedures were coupling with microwave-assisted micellar extraction for organochlorine pesticides residues determination in seaweed samples. They were optimized, compared and discussed.Preliminary experiments were performed in order to study experimental conditions for the extraction of pesticides from spiked seaweed samples with microwave-assisted micellar extraction (MAME) using a non-ionic surfactant (Polyoxyethylene 10 Lauryl Ether). After that, SPME and SPE were used to clean-up and preconcentrate MAME extract prior the analysis by liquid chromatography with photodiode array (PDA) detection.Excellent results were obtained for both procedures. Average pesticide recoveries between 80.5 and 104.3% for MAME-SPME and between 73.9 and 111.5% for MAME-SPE were obtained. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 10.3% and 5.3% respectively for all recoveries tested, and LOD between 138–348 ng g^− 1 for MAME-SPME and 2–38 ng g^− 1 for MAME-SPE were obtained. The method was validated using Soxhlet extraction procedure.Both methods were applied to analyse target organochlorine pesticides in several seaweed samples and results were compared. These results show the great possibilities of combining MAME-SPE-HPLC-UV for the analysis of seaweed samples, improving the selectivity and sensitivity in the determination of organochlorine pesticides analysis for this kind of samples.     

固相萃取-在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法测定松子仁中的28种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药

建立了松子仁中28种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药多残留的在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱（GPC-GC/MS）分析方法。样品以乙腈-水(体积比为4∶1)为提取剂高速匀浆提取,提取液经Aluminium-N固相萃取柱净化,除去样品中大部分的脂肪和甾醇等干扰基质,再经在线GPC进一步除去样液中的色素和脂肪等大分子干扰物质,有效地降低了样品复杂基质带来的背景干扰。加标水平为0.05 mg/kg时,大部分农药的回收率为70%～120%,相对标准偏差小于15%。28种农药的检出限为0.002～0.05 mg/kg。采用外标法定量,方法的线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意。实验证明,该方法是一种快速、准确、灵敏度高的同时检测松子仁中农药多残留的检测方法。     

Determination of pyrethroid,organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction

Simultaneous determination of pyrethroid, organophosphate (OP) and organochlorine (OC) pesticides in water was achieved with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The parameters affecting HS-SPME of pesticides from water were optimized, including extraction temperature, sample and headspace volumes, and sodium chloride amounts. The effects of desorption temperature, desorption time, and position of the fibre in the GC inlet were also investigated. Extraction temperature was the most important factor affecting the recoveries of analytes, and the optimized temperature was 96°C. The addition of salt did not increase extraction efficiencies of the pesticides from the water. The optimized desorption conditions in the GC were as follows: desorption time of 10?min; desorption temperature of 260°C; and a 2?cm position of the fibre in the inlet. The method detection limits were in the low-ng/L level with a linearity range of 50–1000?ng/L for the OCs, 50–5000?ng/L for the OP, and 50–20?000?ng/L for the pyrethroids. These data demonstrated that HS-SPME is a sensitive method for the determination of pyrethroid, OC, and OP pesticides in water.     

Simplified method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in honey.

A method is described for the detection and quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides in honey. After extraction with hexane, the pesticides were cleaned-up by adsorption chromatography on a Florisil Sep-Pak cartridge and eluted with 15% diethyl ether in hexane. The detection of organochlorine pesticides was performed by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. The quantification limit obtained for different pesticides ranged from 0.56 to 2.78 micrograms kg-1 and recoveries from fortified honey samples averaged 89.6%.     

Development of an ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction method for the determination of chlorpyrifos and organochlorine pesticide residues in honey samples using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid, and efficient ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction method followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in honey samples. The type and volume of organic extraction solvent, pH, effect of added salt content, and centrifuging time and speed were investigated. Under the optimum extraction conditions, 30 μL of 1, 2‐dibromoethane (extraction solvent) was immersed into an ultrasonic bath for 1 min at 40°C. The limits of detection and quantification for all target pesticides were 0.003–0.06 and 0.01–0.2 ng/g_, respectively. The extraction recovery was 91–100% and the enrichment factors were 168–192. The relative standard deviation for the method was <6% for intraday (n = 6) and <8% for interday precision (n = 4). The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in honey samples.