QuEChERS-凝胶渗透色谱/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定降尘中18种有机氯农药

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱/气相色谱-质谱(GPC/GC-MS)测定大气降尘中18种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品经过简化QuEChERS方法处理后,经乙腈萃取,石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化,一步离心后过膜上机检测。采用该方法能在30 min内处理8~10个样品,配合GPC净化,不仅缩短了分析时间,而且提高了工作效率和结果的准确性。检测结果表明,18种有机氯农药在0.025~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.991 9~0.999 6,样品检出限为3.2~14.6μg/kg,定量下限为10.7~48.7μg/kg。在0.2、1.0 mg/kg 2个加标水平下,18种有机氯农药的平均回收率为78.6%~117.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.3%~5.1%。     

QuEChERS/气相色谱法测定水果中31种有机磷农药残留

建立了QuEChERS/气相色谱测定水果中31种有机磷农药残留的快速分析方法,并对Qu ECh ERS前处理方法进行优化。样品以乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,经C18填料和无水硫酸镁分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱FPD检测器检测,基质匹配标准曲线校正,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法的线性相关系数为0.990 3~0.999 9;不同加标水平下31种有机磷农药的回收率为81.7%~120.7%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~14.7%,方法的检出限为0.4~6μg·kg~(-1)。方法简便快速、准确灵敏,且节省样品和有机溶剂,可满足水果中此31种有机磷农药残留同时快速检测的实际需要。     

改良的QuEChERS-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定茶叶中多种农药残留

建立了以QuEChERS作为前处理方法,气相色谱/质谱联用法同时测定茶叶中33种农药残留的检测方法。样品经改进的QuEChERS法进行提取净化,采用DB-5MS(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱分离,选择离子模式下同时测定,外标法定量。33种农药残留在0.01~3.00mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。方法的检出限为4.0~35μg/kg,样品平均添加回收率为82.7%~103.8%,相对标准偏差为0.73%~6.8%。方法适用于茶叶中毒死蜱、联苯菊酯等33种不同类型农药残留的同时检测。     

QuEChERS在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱/质谱快速检测水产品中农药多残留

建立了水产品中农药多残留的在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱/质谱(GPC-GC/MS)快速检测方法。样品通过乙腈提取,C18和PSA分散净化等QuEChERS前处理方法和凝胶色谱(GPC)在线净化,采用GC/MS的选择离子监测(SIM)模式,对水产品中8组农药进行同时定性和定量检测。结果表明,有机氯硫丹,有机磷敌百虫、马拉硫磷、水胺硫磷、对硫磷、三唑磷,菊酯氰戊菊酯和三嗪类扑草净农药的浓度在10~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为10~30μg/kg;空白鲤鱼加标的平均回收率在81.2%~118.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.27%~9.12%;空白对虾加标的平均回收率是71.5%~104.0%,RSD为2.98%~8.45%。该检测方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、具有良好的回收率和可重现性,可用于水产品中农药多残留的快速灵敏检测。     

悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留量

建立了悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留量的方法。样品经石油醚提取、浓硫酸净化、悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取法浓缩后,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测,外标法定量。结果表明,9种农药含量在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2在0.99以上,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.01~0.07μg/kg。9种有机氯农药在1.75,7.00,28.0μg/kg 3个水平添加下,平均回收率范围为83.3%~116.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为1.5%~14%,方法已用于野木瓜中9种有机氯农药残留的测定。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中193种农药的残留量

在系统优化固相萃取吸附剂填料类型、洗脱溶剂种类及体积的基础上,建立了蔬菜和水果中193种农药残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈均质提取,C₁₈/PSA固相萃取柱净化,乙腈洗脱,GC-MS选择离子监测(SIM)模式检测,以磷酸三苯酯内标法定量。结果表明,130种农药在10~1000 μg/L、34种农药在20~1000 μg/L、26种农药在50~1000 μg/L、3种农药在100~1000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9967~1.0000,方法检出限(以信噪比为3计)为0.04~8.26 μg/kg,添加回收率为71.6%~117.9%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~11.8%。该方法样品处理简单快速,相比其他多残留分析方法净化效果好,其灵敏度和选择性明显提高,适用于日常检测工作。     

凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取联合净化气相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物性食品中30种有机氯农药的残留量

建立了猪肉、鸡肉、鱼肉和虾肉等动物性食品中30种有机氯农药残留的气相色谱-质谱联用检测方法。样品匀浆后,采用乙腈提取,以凝胶渗透色谱和弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱联合进行净化,气相色谱-质谱检测,以同位素内标法定量。30种有机氯农药的响应在5.0~500.0 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性,相关系数在0.996以上,各有机氯农药的检出限在0.2~2.7 μg/kg之间。以猪肉、鸡肉、鱼肉和虾肉作为代表性基质,进行5.0、10.0、20.0 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验,回收率在55.0%~119.1%之间,相对标准偏差在0.4%~15.0%之间。该方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,样品净化效果好,能够满足动物性食品中有机氯农药多残留痕量分析的要求。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱结合QuEChERS测定三七中有机磷农药残留

建立了改良的QuEChERS样品前处理法,结合气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定三七中18种有机磷农药残留的方法。样品经1%乙酸-乙腈提取,改良QuEChERS技术净化,利用GC-MS/MS采取多反应离子监测模式测定,基质匹配校准曲线外标法定量。18种有机磷农药残留在2.5~120.0μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数(R2)大于0.99;检出限为0.4~1.5μg/kg,定量限为0.8~2.5μg/kg。在3个加标水平(2.5,8.0,60.0μg/kg)下平均回收率为70.5%~118.9%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~9.8%。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定土壤中67种农药残留

建立了同时测定土壤中67种农药的QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS/UPLCMS/MS)方法。样品经乙腈振荡提取、QuEChERS净化,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正负双离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式。结果表明:67种农药在5~500μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990~0.999,检出限为0.001~0.010 mg/L;在10、50、500μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为58%~111%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.1%~19.3%;定量下限为10μg/kg。该方法简单、快速、重现性好、灵敏度高,可满足土壤中67种农药残留的检测要求。     

凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取净化/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物性食品中167种农药残留

建立了肉类、水产类等动物性食品中167种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品匀浆后,采用乙腈提取,以凝胶渗透色谱和Carb-NH2萃取柱联合净化,气相色谱-串联质谱检测,外标法定量。167种农药的响应在1~200μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.994以上,各农药的检出限为0.3~3μg/kg,定量下限为1~10μg/kg。以猪肉样品作为代表性基质,进行0.01,0.04 mg/kg 2个水平的加标回收实验,回收率为66.4%~111.5%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~17.8%。本方法准确可靠,灵敏度高,样品净化效果好,能够满足动物性食品中农药多残留的痕量分析要求。     

有机氯农药残留检测的快速样品前处理效果研究

应用快速样品前处理技术（QuEChERS）与《NY/ T 761-2008 蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定法》（NY/ T 761-2008）的前处理方法处理农产品样本,采用气相色谱检测多种农产品中有机氯农药残留量. 分析了 QuEChERS 法前处理用于有机氯农残检测的效果. 结果表明：QuEChERS 法前处理测定18 种有机氯农药残留加标回收率在72. 1% ~ 123. 9%之间,RSD 在0. 5% ~ 19. 1%之间,有72. 2%的农药检出限大于等于 NY/ T 761-2008 方法,只有27. 8%略低于 NY/ T 761-2008 方法,对多种蔬菜水果的测试均符合多农残检测方法要求,结果准确可靠. QuEChERS 法前处理消耗的有机溶剂少、处理速度快、选择性强、回收率高、精密度高、实用性强、安全性更高. 检测有机氯农残时,可在-般情况下替代 NY/ T 761-2008 的前处理方法.     

Multiresidue method for the determination of residues of 251 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

A method is described for the determination of 251 pesticide and degradation product residues in fruit and vegetable samples. Extraction of the sample with acetonitrile is followed by a salting-out step. Co-extractives are removed by passing a portion of the acetonitrile extract through an octadecyl (C18) solid-phase extraction cleanup cartridge and then, in a second cleanup, through a carbon cartridge coupled to an amino propyl cartridge. Determination is by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection in the selected-ion monitoring mode, and by liquid chromatography with post-column reaction and fluorescence detection for N-methyl carbamates. The method has been used for analysis of various fruits and vegetables, such as apple, banana, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, orange, pear, pepper, and pineapple. Limits of detection range between 0.02 and 1.0 mg/kg for most compounds. Over 80% of the compounds have a limit of detection of < or = 0.04 mg/kg.     

在线柱后衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定牛肉中16种磺胺类药物残留

在考察了荧光胺、邻苯二甲醛、异硫氰酸荧光素和2,3-萘二醛等对磺胺类药物衍生效果的基础上,建立了采用改良QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,荧光胺在线柱后衍生,高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定牛肉中16种磺胺残留量的方法。牛肉样品经1%(v/v)乙酸乙腈溶液提取,改良QuEChERS方法净化后取上清液进样,与荧光胺柱后在线衍生,荧光检测器检测。实验结果表明,16种磺胺类药物在0.024~2.533 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.992,检出限为1.6~8.2 μg/kg,平均加标回收率范围为66.6%~109.5%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~9.9%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、净化效果好,可用于牛肉中16种磺胺类药物的快速测定。     

气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱和气相色谱-串联质谱对水果、蔬菜中208种农药残留筛查确证能力的对比

对比研究了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)与气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(GC-QTOF/MS)在水果、蔬菜中208种农药多残留检测中基质效应及方法学效能的差异,提出两种仪器在农药残留检测方面的特点和适用范围,为残留检测分析提供参考。在苹果、柑橘、番茄、黄瓜4种基质,3个添加浓度(5.0、10.0和20.0 μg/kg)下,两种仪器中均有93.0%以上的农药回收率在70%~120%范围内且相对标准偏差(RSD)≤20%(n=5)。检测灵敏度方面,绝大部分农药在两种仪器的检出限均低于5.0 μg/kg,满足各国农药残留限量的要求,且GC-MS/MS灵敏度更高,线性范围更宽,定量能力更加准确。筛查确证方面,GC-QTOF/MS在快速、高通量筛查、准确定性及非目标化合物鉴定等方面表现出了优势。     

High-throughput determination of pesticide residues in food commodities by use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, simple, and sensitive multiresidue method for analysis of 53 pesticides in fruit and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) has been developed and validated. Prior to analysis, analytes were extracted by use of buffered QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) methodology without further cleanup for non fatty matrices. Chromatographic conditions were optimised in order to achieve a fast separation in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Indeed, more than 50 pesticides can be separated in less then 10 min. Four common representative matrices (cucumber, orange, strawberry, and olive) were selected to investigate the effect of different matrices on recovery and precision. Mean recoveries ranged from 70 to 109% with relative standard deviations lower than 20% for all the pesticides assayed in the four selected matrices. The method has been applied to the analysis of 200 vegetable samples, and imidacloprid was the pesticide most frequently found, with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.00 mg kg⁻¹. This methodology combines the advantages of both QuEChERS and UPLC-MS-MS producing a very rapid, sensitive, and reliable procedure which can be applied in routine analytical laboratories.     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS法检测苹果中5种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)检测苹果中5种农药残留的分析方法。样品采用QuEChERS进行前处理,乙腈提取,经PSA、纳米氧化锆(Nano-ZrO₂)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)组合净化,结合UPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在0.005~0.5 mg/L的浓度范围内5种农药在苹果基质中的线性关系良好,R²≥0.9950;在0.05,0.5和5 mg/kg的添加水平下5种农药的平均回收率在78.1%~117.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在1.8%~9.1%之间;定量限(LOQ)为0.1~2μg/kg。该方法适用于苹果中5种农药残留检测。     

Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Fruit Samples

A fast and effective preconcentration method for extraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was developed using a homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction based on phase separation phenomenon in a ternary solvent (water/methanol/chloroform) system. The phase separation phenomenon occurred by salt addition. After centrifugation, the extraction solvent was sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. The OCPs were transferred into the sedimented phase during the phase separation step. The extracted OCPs were determined using gas chromatography–electron capture detector. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Optimal results were obtained at the following conditions: volume of the consolute solvent (methanol), 1.0 mL; volume of the extraction solvent (chloroform), 55 μL; volume of the sample, 5 mL; and concentration of NaCl, 5 % (w/v). Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factors in the range of 486–1,090, the dynamic linear range of 0.01–100 μg L^?1, and the limits of detection of 0.001–0.03 μg L^?1 were obtained for the OCPs. Using internal standard, the relative standard deviations for 1 μg L^?1 of the OCPs in the water samples were obtained in the range of 4.9–8.6 % (n = 5). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for extraction and determination of the OCPs in water and fruit samples.     

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection analysis of trace organochlorine pesticides in water using novel benzo-15-crown-5 sol-gel coating

A novel dihydroxy-terminated benzo-15-crown-5 is synthesized and applied to prepare the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating with sol-gel technology. Headspace SPME, as a simple, solvent-free method, is applied to the analysis of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) present at trace levels in a water sample. A homemade crown ether fiber coated with 80- micro m thickness was used for extraction. Analyses are performed using gas chromatography-electroncapture detection. The optimization of the extraction process is studied. Compared with commercially available SPME fibers, polydimethylsiloxane, the new phases show better selectivity and sensitivity toward OCPs. The linear concentrations range from 1 to 1000 ng/L, the detection limits are in the range of 0.01-0.5 ng/L, the recoveries are over 85%, and relative standard deviations are below 7.2% for these OCPs.     

Determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in breast milk from Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil, using a modified QuEChERS method and gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT

The food chain is the main source of exposure to humans by organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) due to the bioaccumulation. Breast milk can accumulate OCPs, so this matrix is often used as an environmental bioindicator. The currently available methods for the determination of several OCPs and metabolites in breast milk involve, in general, multi-step sample preparation and quantification techniques with low selectivity, high cost and much time and labour. Thus, a fast and efficient method based on sample preparation using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionisation (GC-NCI-MS) was developed, validated and applied for determination of 16 OCPs and metabolites in breast milk samples. The extract was cleaned by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) using MgSO₄ and C18, evaporated in a Turbovap® system, redissolved and analysed by GC-NCI-MS. The method was validated showing acceptable recoveries (72–118%) and precision (RSD <19%). Method limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.75 to 7.5 ng g^?1 and from 2.5 to 25 ng g^?1 lipid, respectively. The method was successfully applied to 20 samples of breast milk from different regions of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, of which 75% contained residues below the LOQs.