微乳液聚合研究进展

从聚合机理和所得聚合物性能两个方面,分析总结了微乳液聚合与乳液聚合的差别.并介绍了微乳液聚合研究的国内外研究动态.     

微乳液结构和丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合

本文对微乳液的结构及其特征作了概括性的论述，并着重总结了近年来在微乳液聚合方面的研究成果，特别是对丙烯酰胺，丙烯酸盐以及（２－甲基丙烯酰氧乙基）三甲基氯化铵等单位的反相微乳液聚合的研究工作进行了详尽论述。     

苯丙共聚微乳液粒径增长机理研究

自从1980年Stofer[1]首次进行微乳液聚合研究以来,微乳液聚合法作为制备纳米聚合物乳液的主要方法,已广泛应用于生物医药、涂料、胶黏剂和造纸工业等领域.随着微乳液的广泛应用,要求人们对微乳液聚合深入研究,然而大多数的报道都是关于微乳液聚合速率的研究,对微乳液聚合的过程和粒子分散变化的研究报道很少.虽然乳液聚合和微乳液聚合具有许多相似点,但是由于微乳液聚合过程中需要加入大量的乳化剂,导致微乳液聚合的反应动力学不同于乳液聚合.     

微乳液聚合和寡链高分子凝聚态研究进展

介绍了微乳液的结构，微乳液聚合，寡链高分子凝聚态和微胶乳粒子成膜过程的最新进展。     

八甲基环四硅氧烷一氯代物微乳液聚合及其消泡性能

八甲基环四硅氧烷一氯代物;有机硅微乳液;微乳液聚合;消泡性能     

超声辐照引发MMA微乳液聚合

研究了超声波引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的微乳液聚合.辐照40min时单体转化率高达90%.透射电镜观察发现,PMMA微乳液平均粒径为36.5nm,粒径分布窄,表明超声波引发是制备PMMA微乳液的有效方法.采用分光光度计对微乳液聚合过程中乳胶粒的形成和大小进行了间接表征,研究了超声功率输出、乳化剂、助乳化剂、单体和引发剂对MMA微乳液聚合的影响.     

乳液聚合的最新进展（上）

本文对近１０多年中发展起来的与乳液聚合相关的聚合技术，如无皂乳液聚合、细乳液聚合、微乳液聚合、分散聚合等，也对其实施方法、理论研究结果和应用作了介绍；还针对近年来已经成为热点的核壳乳液、单分散聚合物微球及表面官能化的乳液微球的制备方法及应用进行了综述。     

阳离子型微乳液聚合丙烯酰胺的表征

自从Hoar[1]和Schulman[2]利用乳化剂、水和油制得均一透明的微乳液以来,微乳液在许多领域中得到广泛应用.Candau[3,4]通过微乳液聚合得到分子量很高(105～106)的纳米级聚合物粒子,且聚合物分子链采取紧密缠绕的构象.Antonietti[5]在对苯乙烯微乳液聚合的研究报道中认为,聚合物分子链是以一种类似于网状交联结构的形态存在的,这些结果表明,通过微乳液聚合所得聚合物可能存在着一些特殊的性质.本文采用阳离子型乳化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和脂肪族醇助乳化剂制备的油包水(W/O)型反相微乳液体系来聚合丙烯酰胺(Am),并与使用相同乳…     

TEM研究苯乙烯微乳液聚合机理

用透射电镜(TEM)对苯乙烯(St)/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正戊醇/水的O/W微乳液体系在反应前、聚合过程中和反应结束后等不同时间里进行观察,并测定苯乙烯微乳液聚合前后粒径的大小,根据粒径大小的变化研究苯乙烯微乳液聚合成核机理,发现其成核位置主要是在胶束和单体微珠滴里。此外,还发现SDS/St的质量比越大,相对分子质量越低。     

无皂乳液聚合合成均分散PMMA微球

甲基丙烯酸甲酯;微波辐照;无皂乳液聚合合成均分散PMMA微球     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.