LC-MS法分析恩替卡韦口服制剂中的有关物质

采用液相色谱法对恩替卡韦口服制剂的有关物质进行了分离测定,色谱柱为Thermo C18柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,2μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%甲酸水溶液(75∶25),流速0.3 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温为30℃。在上述色谱条件下,测定了不同厂家恩替卡韦口服制剂中有关物质的含量。并采用液相色谱-质谱法分析了有关物质的化学结构信息,鉴定了2个主要有关物质的结构,均为恩替卡韦异构体。该研究为恩替卡韦口服制剂的质量控制和稳定性研究提供了重要依据。     

液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定无糖食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和乳糖

建立了无糖食品中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法.本方法以水提取样品,以Waters Carbohydrate Analysis柱(300 mm×3.9 mm, 10 μm)分离,流动相为水-乙腈(15∶ 85, V/V),电喷雾负离子MRM模式检测.方法的检出限为0.1 g/kg;线性范围为2.5～125.0 mg/L;加标回收率为86.2%～97.7%;相对标准偏差为3.1%～8.7%.     

氟苯尼考对映异构体手性拆分及其光学纯度的测定

采用Chiralpak AD-H(4.6μm×250 mm,5μm)手性色谱柱,建立了氟苯尼考对映体的正相高效液相色谱拆分方法。考察了流动相中碱性添加剂、醇类改性剂种类及浓度对分离度、保留时间、理论塔板数、拖尾因子的影响。结果表明:以正己烷-异丙醇-甲醇(70∶15∶15)为流动相,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为224 nm条件下,氟苯尼考与其光学异构体获得满意的分离效果。氟苯尼考在0.05～0.5g/L质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.999 7;氟苯尼考的检出限为0.1μg/L;日内精密度RSD小于1.8%,日间精密度RSD小于2.3%;加标回收率为109%～112%,RSD不大于3.0%。该方法快速、方便,可用于工业生产中氟苯尼考光学纯度的控制。     

硅胶柱层析法纯化全苯异氰酸酯基β-环糊精

以粒径为0.07～0.05 mm的硅胶为柱填料,研究了全苯基异氰酸酯基环糊精的分离,考察了流动相组成、填料床层、流速、柱温和上样量等因素对分离的影响. 结果表明,硅胶柱层析法纯化全苯异氰酸酯基-β-环糊精的最佳工艺条件:床层高度为32 cm,流动相V(正己烷): V(乙酸乙酯)=2: 1,流速为0.6 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,最大上样量为0.02 g混和物(溶于2 mL流动相). 在此条件下,先洗脱组分回收率为40.91%,后洗脱组分回收率为50%;总回收率为90.91%.     

酰胺类手性液相色谱柱对烯唑醇光学异构体的直接拆分

以正己烷-12-二氯乙烷为流动相,添加乙腈为改性剂,在酰胺类手性液相色谱柱上实现了对烯唑醇光学异构体的直接拆分.探讨了色谱柱、温度和乙腈的含量对拆分效果的影响,优化了色谱条件.实验结果显示:单独使用KR100-5CHI-DMB色谱柱时,烯唑醇中的光学异构体仅稍微分离;而单独使用Chirex 3001时,烯唑醇中的光学异构体则不分离;当KR100-5CHI-DMB与Chirex 3001串联使用时,烯唑醇中光学异构体能够得到很好的分离;在流动相中加入少量的乙腈作为极性添加剂,有助于改善异构体的分离度.当流动相为正己烷-12-二氯乙烷-乙腈(体积比8 ∶ 1 ∶ 1),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温10 ℃时,烯唑醇中光学异构体得到很好的分离,分离度(R)为3.26.结果表明,酰胺类手性液相色谱柱能有效分离烯唑醇的光学异构体,方法简便、快速.     

盐酸托莫西汀中S-异构体杂质含量的柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定

以2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯(GITC)为柱前手性衍生化试剂,建立了柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定盐酸托莫西汀中S-异构体杂质的方法。考察了碱化与衍生化试剂的浓度及反应时间对衍生化产率的影响,以及流动相组成对柱效、分离度、保留时间的影响,并讨论了结构因素对手性衍生和分离的影响。采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(体积比为41∶14∶45)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长254 nm,柱温35℃。在优化实验条件下,盐酸托莫西汀与S-异构体的分离度R1.5;S-异构体的检出限为0.15 mg/L,在0.5~8 mg/L范围内线性良好;精密度RSD为1.8%;按标准加入法计算,加标回收率为92%~99%;按外标法计算,加标回收率为94%~102%。该方法简便、可靠,可作为盐酸托莫西汀原料药中S-异构体杂质限量的质控方法。     

荧光检测-高效液相色谱法测定水果、蔬菜中抗蚜威残留量

建立了水果、蔬菜中抗蚜威残留的荧光检测-高效液相色谱法。样品以乙腈提取,固相萃取氨基小柱(LC-NH2)净化,Waterscarbamateanalysis(3.9mm×150mm,4μm),V(甲醇)∶V(水)∶V(乙腈)=16∶68∶16为流动相,柱温30℃,流速为1.5mL/min进行分离,用荧光检测器进行检测,激发波长和发射波长分别为317nm,392nm。回收率在98.5%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~4.6%,检出限为0.01mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定恩替卡韦口服液中有关物质

建立了测定恩替卡韦口服液中有关物质的高效液相色谱法。采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,以水-乙腈-三氟乙酸(97∶3∶0.15,V/V)/乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测。杂质A、B和C的检测限分别为7.22ng/mL、7.30ng/mL和7.50ng/mL,分别相当于恩替卡韦浓度的0.014%、0.015%、0.015%;杂质A在24.08~361.0ng/mL浓度范围内(r=0.9988),杂质B在24.33~364.9ng/mL浓度范围内(r=0.9996),杂质C在25.00~375.0ng/mL浓度范围内(r=0.9984)呈现良好的线性关系;在0.125、0.25、0.37μg/mL三个浓度的添加水平下,杂质A、B、C的平均回收率分别为121.9%、115.5%和106.9%。     

反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定酒花浸膏中的异构化α-酸

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定酒花浸膏中4种异构化α-酸的方法。异α-酸、二氢异α-酸、四氢异α-酸和六氢异α-酸在色谱柱EC250/4 Nuclesoil,100-5 C18(4.0 mmi.d.×250 mm,5μm),保护柱CC 8/4Nuclesoil 100-5 C18,流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)∶V(85%H3PO4)∶V(0.2 mol/LEDTA二钠盐)=770∶210∶5∶1,等梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL/min,270 nm紫外检测,加标回收率在93.5%~97.0%之间,RSD<2%。该方法可测定酒花浸膏中异构化α-酸。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定烟草中的两种多羟基吡嗪异构体

用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法建立了测定烟草中两种多羟基吡嗪异构体的方法.烟草中的2-(1′,2′,3′,4′-四羟基丁基)-5-(2″,3″,4″-三羟基丁基)-吡嗪(2,5-DOF)和2-(1′,2′,3′,4′-四羟基丁基)-6-(2″,3″,4″-三羟基丁基)-吡嗪(2,6-DOF)用甲醇索氏萃取2h后,提取液用Waters Sep-Park-C18固相萃取小柱预分离,选择Waters carbohydrate analysis(3.9 mm×300 mm)色谱柱(NH2柱),V(乙腈)∶V(水)=80∶20为流动相,流速:1.0 mL/min,烟草中的2,5-DOF及2,6-DOF达到基线分离.两种异构体的标准曲线的线性回归系数均大于0.9996,线性范围为0.5～100 μg/mL;标准回收率分别为98%和104%;相对标准偏差均小于3%;检出限为0.2 μg/mL.用该方法测定了不同卷烟中的2,6-DOF和2,5-DOF两种异构体.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.