介孔核结构聚合物胶束的制备及其在汞离子检测中的应用

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)设计合成了具有p H响应性和还原响应性的双亲性聚合物分子刷,聚聚(乙二醇)单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯-block-(聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯-graft-聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯)(POEGMA-b-(Pt BMA-g-PDMAEMA)),其中侧链PDMAEMA与主链通过二硫键相连.运用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征了聚合物的结构、分子量及分子量分布.在碱性条件下,聚合物分子刷自组装成以POEGMA为壳,Pt BMA和PDMAEMA为核的多组分胶束.由于Pt BMA和PDMAEMA互不相容,在核中形成微相分离,体积分数较大的Pt BMA形成连续相,体积分数较小的PDMAEMA形成分散相.调节p H至酸性条件后,分散相PDMAEMA由坍陷变为伸展状态,从胶束的核中溶解出来.加入还原剂断开侧链PDMAEMA与主链相连的二硫键,制得孔内壁含有巯基的介孔核结构聚合物胶束.利用透射电镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)表征了胶束的形貌和粒径.通过TEM结果得出介孔核结构聚合物胶束的孔径大小约为2 nm.利用巯基对氯金酸的还原作用和对金纳米粒子的稳定作用,制得孔内修饰金纳米粒子的介孔核结构聚合物胶束.利用巯基和溴的点击反应,制得孔内修饰聚噻吩衍生物的介孔核结构聚合物胶束,其对Hg~(2+)检测表现出较高的灵敏度和特异性.     

甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯的CuX/PMDETA催化氧化聚合

在添加一定浓度的CuX(X=C l/B r)/五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)后,甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)于室温下只需暴露于空气中即可聚合形成PDMAEMA.通过一系列对比试验验证了该过程的催化氧化聚合特征,通过改变催化剂浓度与反应温度等反应条件,利用气相色谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱研究了该聚合过程的动力学和所得PDMAEMA的结构.结果表明,单体转化率与所得聚合物分子量均随反应时间的延长而逐渐增加,过高或者过低浓度的CuX/PMDETA均无法催化该聚合过程,所得聚合物具有与普通线型PDMAEMA类似的化学结构.我们提出了一个假设性的机理以解释此现象.     

具有温敏特性的光学活性嵌段聚合物Click合成与表征

以末端含有炔基的2-十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯-2-甲基-丙酸丙炔醇酯(DMPE)为链转移剂(CTA),2,2′偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应制备了分子链末端带炔基的均聚物聚(N-丙烯酰基-L-缬氨酰甲胺)(PAVMA—C帒CH),然后与叠氮基封端的聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG-N3)进行"click"偶合反应,制备具有温敏特性的光学活性嵌段聚合物MPEG-b-PAVMA.利用1H-NMR和体积排阻色谱(SEC)等表征了所合成的均聚物和共聚物的结构和分子量分布.1H-NMR结果表明所合成的嵌段共聚物中MPEG和PAVMA链段的重复单元数分别为115和55.利用紫外分光光度计测试了均聚物及嵌段聚合物的温敏特性,结果表明均聚物和共聚物在水中的低临界溶解温度(LCST)分别为6.5℃和19.5℃.比旋光度测试结果表明,均聚物和共聚物具有旋光性,同时相比于单体,其旋光能力有所降低.圆二色谱法(CD)的测试结果显示,均聚物和嵌段共聚物在220nm和197nm附近分别有一个较弱的正Cotton效应峰和一个较强的负Cotton效应峰,并且在水溶液中主要以无规的二级构象结构存在。     

以水作相分离造孔剂制备P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA聚合物电解质膜

介绍了一种以水代替常用的有机物质作为相分离造孔剂制备混合型聚合物电解质的新方法.所研究的混合型聚合物为聚(偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物.扫描电镜SEM图表明这种混合型聚合物膜具有蜂窝状结构,有利于膜电导率的增加.利用FTIR,XRD和DSC等方法研究了混合型聚合物电解质中两种聚合物间的相互作用.用电化学交流阻抗方法测得在30℃下P(VDF-HFP)/PMMA摩尔比为1:1的混合型聚合物电解质的离子电导率为0.804×10^-3S/cm.对照其它方法,本方法具有制备容易、成本较低和有利于环境保护等优点.     

RAFT聚合法合成PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB嵌段共聚物的研究

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体、二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CDB)为链转移剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,利用RAFT聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)。以所得PDMAEMA为大分子链转移剂,丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)为单体,AIBN为引发剂,采用RAFT聚合法合成了PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB共聚物,并考察了AAAB的RAFT聚合反应动力学,利用FT-IR、1 H-NMR、GPC和TG对聚合物的结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明,PDMAEMA的分子量随聚合反应时间的增加而增加,且分子量分布较窄;PDMAEMA-b-PAAAB嵌段共聚物的分子量随着AAAB单体转化率的升高而线性增加,且分子量分布较窄(PDI1.3),聚合反应动力学曲线呈良好的线性关系,且具有较好的热稳定性。     

含氟聚甲基丙烯酸酯/聚异丁烯嵌段共聚物的成膜性质研究

利用氧负离子聚合方法制备含氟聚异丁烯三嵌段共聚物,聚异丁烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-2-(N,N-二甲氨基)乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟)戊酯(PIB-b-PDMAEMA-b-POFPMA),对PIB60-bPDMAEMA63-b-POFPMA11的物理化学性质和成膜性能进行了研究.利用1H-NMR和GPC表征了聚合物的化学结构、分子量及分子量分布;通过TGA和DSC测试了聚合物的热分解温度与玻璃化转变温度(Tg).实验结果表明,PIB60以及PDMAEMA63的Tg分别为-61℃和5℃,PIB60-b-PDMAEMA63在-4℃左右存在一个Tg,而PIB60-b-PDMAEMA63-b-POFPMA11不仅在-4℃存在玻璃化转变,而且在26℃存在另一个玻璃化转变,对应于POFPMA嵌段的Tg.将聚合物制成薄膜,通过接触角测试发现聚合物薄膜具有一定的疏水疏油性质.根据Owens-Wendt公式计算了聚合物薄膜的自由能、分散能和极性能.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了聚合物中含氟嵌段向薄膜表面迁移富集和堆积结构,结果显示,在退火之后,含氟嵌段向薄膜的表面迁移、富集,并在表面排列形成双层堆积结构.     

PEO/PDMAEMA组成的半互穿网凝胶的辐射合成与电场响应性研究

利用γ辐射引发溶液聚合合成了 3种不同聚环氧乙烷 (PEO)含量的聚环氧乙烷 聚甲基丙烯酸N 二甲氨基乙酯 (PEO PDMAEMA)的半互穿网凝胶 (Semi IPNs) ,通过实验找到了合成这种半互穿网凝胶的最佳条件 .实验中发现PEO含量对凝胶的平衡溶胀度 (EDS)有明显的影响 ,当加入少量的PEO(～ 3wt% )时EDS明显增大 ,后随着PEO含量的逐渐增加 ,EDS又逐渐减小并趋于稳定 .这种Semi IPNs的凝胶有明显的电场响应性 ,其中PEO含量的不同 ,电场响应的效果也有明显的差别 ,以PEO与DMAEMA初始料液比为5∶95的凝胶电场响应性最好 .利用这种凝胶对中药三七进行吸附与电场循环控释得到了很好的效果     

可还原降解梳形阳离子聚合物的合成

通过缩合聚合和可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)合成了一种新型可还原降解的梳形聚阳离子.首先,以具有化学选择性的三氟甲磺酸钪催化苹果酸、二硫二丙酸、癸二醇的三元缩合聚合得到了含多个侧羟基的聚(苹果酸-co-二硫二丙酸)癸二酯;将羟基酯化修饰为双硫酯后,通过甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)的RAFT聚合制备了梳型聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA).采用1H-NMR和GPC等测试方法对该聚合物进行结构表征.该梳形阳离子聚合物在还原性环境中可通过双硫键的断裂降解成为小分子量PDMAEMA低聚物.     

酶促聚合与ATRP结合合成聚己内酯和聚N,N-二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯嵌段共聚物及其自组装

摘要：用化学酶法合成聚己内酯（PCL）和聚N,N-二甲氨基甲基丙烯酸乙酯（PDMAEMA）双亲嵌段聚合物（PCL-b-PDMAEMA）。通过核磁共振（1H NMR）,红外光谱仪(FTIR-IR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC) 对其结构以及分子量与其分子量分布情况进行了表征。对聚合物的溶液性质进行了研究,结果表明：临界胶束浓度（CMC）嵌段聚合物中疏水链段增多有利于形成胶束,表现为CMC降低,并具有较高的热力学稳定性。PDMAEMA是PH和温度敏感材料,研究发现,在不同的温度和pH值条件下表现不同的聚集状态, 当聚合物的pH值降低时平均流体力学直径增加,温度升高平均流体力学直径降低。     

MMA/MAh共聚物的合成及其凝胶聚合物电解质性能

从聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯型凝胶聚合物电解质存在的问题出发,设计制备一种甲基丙烯酸甲酯/共聚马来酸酐型凝胶聚合物电解质.采用溶液聚合法,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAh)为单体,其MMA与MAh单体摩尔配比为1∶1,合成了P(MMA-co-MAh)共聚物;采用凝胶色谱(GPC)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(MNR)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、X-射线衍射分析(XRD)对所合成共聚物的结构进行了表征.结果表明,合成的共聚物为无规非晶型聚合物,其数均分子量Mn为6.40×104,共聚物中MMA与MAh链段摩尔比大约为8∶1,热分解温度为300℃,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为121.3℃.以P(MMA-co-MAh)共聚物为树脂基体,环状碳酸1,2-丙二酯(PC)为增塑剂,LiClO4为电解质盐,制备了凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE),当共聚物含量为45 wt%时,GPE具有好的成膜性,其室温离子电导率为3.0×10-5S/cm.     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用。随着对AIE发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE分子体系得到了极大的扩展。其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分子波长从可见光区(400~700 nm)延伸到近红外(NIR)区(700~1700 nm)。由于NIR发光分子在生物医学领域中的独特优势,其已成为目前AIE研究的热点。随着对NIR分子设计及应用的不断探索,附加不同功能且发光波长更长的AIE分子也被开发出来了,并实现了对生物体特定组织的NIR荧光成像、光声成像、光动力治疗和光热治疗等。本文总结了近年来具有AIE性能的NIR荧光分子的结构及其在生物医学领域的相关应用。     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术

柴油加氢精制催化剂制备技术的发展大致经历了3个阶段,由此形成了三代柴油加氢催化剂:单层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂,多层分散的负载型金属硫化物催化剂和非负载型金属硫化物催化剂。本文对金属硫化钼基柴油加氢精制催化剂的应用背景、制备思想及催化剂研究开发现状进行了系统的总结,对柴油加氢催化剂的发展方向进行了展望。