银在甲烷选择性催化还原NOx反应中不同催化行为的研究

 采用XRD,TEM和UV－Vis方法研究了Ag－HZSM－5催化剂中活性组分银的价态和结构变化,并将这种变化与其在CH4选择性催化还原NOx反应中的活性和选择性相关联．结果表明,惰性气氛下高温处理使交换到分子筛阳离子位上的Ag＋自还原为Ag0,并在热的作用下聚集成纳米尺度的银颗粒Agn．纳米银颗粒Agn的形成提高了银催化剂在CH4选择性催化还原NOx反应中的活性,但它的长大又促进了CH4和O2的直接燃烧,使CH4选择性催化还原NOx反应的选择性降低．氧气气氛下高温预处理抑制了银颗粒的长大,并且氧气的氧化作用使银颗粒带有一定电荷,形成小的荷电纳米银粒子Agy＋x．荷电纳米银粒子的形成使催化剂的活性降低,但提高了CH4选择性催化还原NOx反应的选择性．     

富氧条件下Co/MOR 催化剂上甲烷选择催化还原NO

采用浸渍法制备了一系列用于甲烷选择催化还原(CH₄-SCR)氮氧化物的Co/MOR催化剂。采用XRD、BET、TG-MS、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD和NO-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征,并对其在甲烷选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中的活性进行评价。结果表明,钴物种以Co₃O₄尖晶石形态存在于Co/MOR催化剂中;与MOR载体相比,引入钴物种后,催化剂的酸性、氧化还原能力和对NO的吸脱附能力均发生了变化。在甲烷选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中,Co/MOR的催化活性与其氧化还原性能和对NO的吸脱附性能直接相关;其中,Co负载量为10%的Co(10)/MOR催化剂的CH₄-SCR脱硝活性最好,在330℃下NO的转化率达54.2%。     

低温等离子体协助B2O3/γ-Al2O3 选择催化还原NO（英文）

研究了低温等离子体协助催化条件下甲烷选择性催化还原NO反应(SCR).反应气体经等离子体活化后,生成NO2,HCHO,CH3NO和CH3NO2等活性更高的中间产物.程序升温表面反应表明,这些中间产物可在等离子体后置催化装置上进一步反应,从而使NOx还原为N2.在考察的一系列催化剂(包括γ-Al2O3,Ag/γ-Al2O3,B2O3/γ-Al2O3,Ga2O3/γ-Al2O3,In2O3/γ-Al2O3等)中,B2O3/γ-Al2O3表现出最好的催化活性.当反应温度为300oC时,NOx转化率达到最高.与γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,在10wt%B2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上,300oC时,NOx转化为N2的转化率从33.4%提高至51.0%.催化剂的酸性对于经等离子体活化后的反应气体在催化剂上的SCR反应起到重要作用.同时,催化剂上吸附态NOx对于NOx的转化也起到一定作用.     

低温等离子体协助B_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3 选择催化还原NO(英文)

研究了低温等离子体协助催化条件下甲烷选择性催化还原NO反应(SCR).反应气体经等离子体活化后,生成NO2,HCHO,CH3NO和CH3NO2等活性更高的中间产物.程序升温表面反应表明,这些中间产物可在等离子体后置催化装置上进一步反应,从而使NOx还原为N2.在考察的一系列催化剂(包括γ-Al2O3,Ag/γ-Al2O3,B2O3/γ-Al2O3,Ga2O3/γ-Al2O3,In2O3/γ-Al2O3等)中,B2O3/γ-Al2O3表现出最好的催化活性.当反应温度为300oC时,NOx转化率达到最高.与γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,在10wt%B2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上,300oC时,NOx转化为N2的转化率从33.4%提高至51.0%.催化剂的酸性对于经等离子体活化后的反应气体在催化剂上的SCR反应起到重要作用.同时,催化剂上吸附态NOx对于NOx的转化也起到一定作用.     

碱土—稀土氧化物在甲烷偶联反应中的催化性能

研究了两个典型轻稀土Ｌａ，Ｃｅ氧化物对甲烷氧化联反应的影响，具有较小比表面积的催化给出较高的Ｃ２选择性，但是催化剂的氧化还原性能对Ｃ２选择性的影响则更大，添加Ｌｉ的作用除产生Ｏ中心外，还可抑制催化剂的氧化还原能力，从而改善Ｃ２选择性，甲烷氧化偶联反应属催化剂引发的自由基反应。     

Pt-BaO催化剂的NOx储存-还原化学及结构-性能关系

NOx储存-还原(NSR)技术是目前稀燃汽车尾气中NOx消除的最有前景的催化技术之一,NSR催化过程中稀燃/富燃条件的交替运行、NSR催化剂上化学计量反应与催化反应的耦合赋予了NSR催化过程迥异于常规连续流动气固相催化反应的特点.本文首先介绍了目前人们对Pt-BaO催化剂上NSR基本化学过程的认识;在此基础上,结合本研...     

Pd基催化剂上H2快速选择催化还原 NOx

 首次研究了 Pd 基催化剂上氢快速选择催化还原 NOx 反应 (快速 H2-SCR 反应). 结果表明, Pd/Al2O3 和 Pd/SiO2 催化剂表现出极高的活性, 在 200 oC 以上时 NOx 转化率可达 100%; 但 Pd/MgO 催化剂在整个考察温度范围均没有活性, 这表明载体对催化剂快速 H2-SCR 活性有决定性作用. 与常规 H2-SCR 反应相比, 快速 H2-SCR 反应明显提高了 NOx 的消除效率. 原位漫反射红外光谱结果表明, 快速 H2-SCR 反应活性的提高来源于加速生成的氨物种以及后续反应速率的加快.     

BaFeO_(3-x)与Cu-ZSM-5耦合催化剂的NO_x储存还原性能

为替代传统的贵金属基NOx储存还原(NSR)催化剂,本文设计并制备了不含贵金属的BaFeO3-x+CuZSM-5耦合催化剂,用于催化消除稀燃发动机尾气中的NOx.在稀燃阶段,NO在BaFeO3-x催化剂上发生了氧化和储存反应;在富燃阶段,从BaFeO3-x催化剂中脱附出来未能消除的NOx被置于其后的Cu-ZSM-5催化剂进一步催化消除.实验结果表明,BaFeO3-x+Cu-ZSM-5耦合催化剂的工作温度窗口被拓宽到250-400°C,同时NOx消除性能得到了显著提高:NOx转化率最高可达98%,N2选择性接近100%.     

柴油机尾气净化催化剂的最新研究进展

柴油机尾气排放的污染物已经引起了严重的环境污染问题,催化净化技术是柴油机尾气污染治理必不可少和最有效的处理技术之一,而高效催化剂的研制和开发是催化净化技术的核心.本文以柴油机尾气中最难处理的两种污染物NOx和碳烟颗粒(PM)的催化处理技术为主线,综述了NOx的催化还原(选择性催化还原(SCR)和贮存还原(NSR))催化剂、碳烟的催化燃烧催化剂、NOx和碳烟颗粒同时消除的催化剂及柴油机尾气四效催化剂的最新研究进展,并总结性地提出了目前该研究方向存在的主要问题和发展方向.     

改性Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气

 制备了含有少量Ni，Co，Cu或K的Mo2C／Al2O3催化剂，用于甲烷部分氧化（POM）制合成气反应，并用程序升温表面反应（TPSR）进行了表征．Ni可以促进氧化钼被氢还原，进而促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Ni改性催化剂具有很高的催化活性和选择性，并且有很高的催化稳定性．Co也可以促进氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Co改性催化剂也具有较高的催化活性和稳定性．Cu的添加有利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故Cu改性催化剂在开始阶段表现出对甲烷转化的促进作用，但随后其促进作用消失，与Cu的存在状态发生变化有关；Cu改性催化剂具有较低的选择性，则与其促进氧的活化作用有关．K的添加不利于氧化钼的碳化及甲烷的活化，故K改性催化剂的催化活性和选择性较低．     

Study on methane selective catalytic reduction of NO on Pt/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 and its application

Monolithic catalysts of Pt/La-Al2O3 and Pt/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 were prepared to investigate methane selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO.The results indicate that Pt/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 shows high activity and both NO and CH4 can be converted completely at 450 ℃.Meanwhile,NO and CH4 can be converted completely when there exists excess oxygen.The Pt/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 catalyst were further investigated by using methane as reducing agent to SCR NO in a novel equipment which combined the CH4 selective catalytic reduction of NO with methane combustion.The result shows that the catalyst is high active and the novel equipment is very effective.The conversion of NO is above 92% under the conditions used in this work.The prepared burner and catalysts have great potential for application.     

等离子体与催化剂协同催化CH4选择性还原脱硝反应

研究了在低温等离子体和催化剂共同作用下,CH4选择催化还原(SCR)NO的反应.在所考察的金属氧化物催化剂中,γ-Al2O3表现出最高的催化活性.当等离子体放电功率为4.5 W,反应温度为300℃时,NO转化率为56.5％;该条件下单纯等离子体反应和以γ-Al2O3为催化剂时NO转化率分别为28.9％和0,表明等离子体...     

Reduction of NO with methane over Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts

<正>The catalytic activity of Fe/ZSM-5 for the selective reduction of NO to N_2 with methane in the presence of excess O_2 was studied.Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts with various Fe loadings were prepared by impregnation method.It is well known that methane is inactive when Fe/ZSM-5 as the catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with methane.However,this paper shows that when the content of Fe was about 0.5%,Fe/ZSM-5 showed higher catalytic activity and selectivity of methane,and put forward measurable activation for CH_4 is an important factor for the reaction of removal of NOx with CH_4.     

NO及NO_2与In/HZSM-5催化剂相互作用的微量量热研究

The microcalorimetric technique is employed to study the interaction of NO and NO 2 with the In/HZSM 5 catalyst which has been reported to be active for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by CH 4. The amounts of chemisorption and differential heat of NO 2 adsorption on In 2O 3, HZSM 5 and In/HZSM 5 are much larger than those of NO. Furthermore, NO 2 adsorption on In 2O 3 is irreversible. Associating with the results of in situ IR and TPD, and the NO x conversion in NO(NO 2)+CH 4 system over In/HZSM 5 and HZSM 5 catalysts, it is reasonable to propose that in the CH 4 SCR process NO 2 plays a key role, and NO 2 species chemisorbed on the HZSM 5 support can migrate to the In sites to react with CH 4.     

Studies on the Performance and Structure of Supported Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas

The catalytic properties of several supported metal catalysts on different carriers were studied in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. In our experiment, supported noble metal catalysts exhibited better performance than the other supported transition metal catalysts. The catalyst performances were significantly influenced by the d-electron configuration of the active metal components and the dispersion of active metal components on the support. A catalyst with a moderate number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbital of the active metal support without obvious acidity or redox activity (e.g. MgO) was suitable for POM performance. The Rh/SiO2 catalyst was the best in the POM reaction, among those investigated. Reaction conditions apparently also affected the POM performance of the catalyst. The conversion of methane and the selectivity for CO increased with the reaction temperature, and a high CH4/O2 ratio was not beneficial for POM performance.     

Studies on the Performance and Structure of Supported Catalysts for the Partial

The catalytic properties of several supported metal catalysts on different carriers were studied in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. In our experiment, supported noble metal catalysts exhibited better performance than the other supported transition metal catalysts. The catalyst performances were significantly influenced by the d-electron configuration of the active metal components and the dispersion of active metal components on the support. A catalyst with a moderate number of unpaired electrons in the d-orbital of the active metal support without obvious acidity or redox activity (e.g. MgO) was suitable for POM performance. The Rh/SiO2 catalyst was the best in the POM reaction, among those investigated. Reaction conditions apparently also affected the POM performance of the catalyst. The conversion of methane and the selectivity for CO increased with the reaction temperature, and a high CH4/O2 ratio was not beneficial for POM performance.     

改进的MnOx-CeO2复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷低温催化燃烧

在Mn含量不变的条件下, 通过调变前驱体Mn(NO3)2与KMnO4的添加量, 以共沉淀法制备了改进的MnOx-CeO2催化剂, 采用XRD, LRS, XPS和TPR测试手段对催化剂进行了表征, 并研究了对甲烷催化燃烧的低温性能.     

温度对共沉淀法制备LaMnAl11O19催化剂的影响

天然气燃烧具有污染物排放少、能源利用率高等特点。但是传统的燃烧方法温度较高，对系统材料要求较高，同时空气中的N2被氧化为NOx，造成严重的环境污染。采用催化燃烧技术可降低燃烧温度、减少污染物的生成。高温催化燃烧是传统燃烧的替代方法，是降低污染，提高能源利用效率的有效途径之一。实现该过程的核心问题是高活性、热稳定性好的耐高温催化剂的研制。     

A Thermodynamic Analysis on the Catalytic Combustion of Methane

Chemical equilibria involving 10 species and adiabatic reaction temperature of methane com-bustion in air under various conditions have been calculated in detail by means of total Gibbs energyminimization of the system. The calculation data show that the adiabatic combustion temperature of CH_4and air at stoichiometric ratio is up to about 2200 K, and the equilibrium concentration of NO is about0.0018, however that of NO_2 is only 1×10~(-6). A large amount of carbon deposition emerges when the CH_4concentration is above 26.5%. The NO and NO_2 appear only when the CH_4 concentration is below 16%.The maximum equilibrium concentrations of NO and NO_2 are 0.0028 and 2×10~(-6) respectively, at about8%CH_4 concentration. The NO and NO_2 concentrations increase with the system temperature at a lowCH_4 concentration. However, both of them can be decreased when CO_2 or steam is introduced into thesystem, which also decreases the adiabatic combustion temperature. The decrease in adiabatic tempera-ture caused by