Ni-Nb2O5和Ni-Cu-Nb2O5催化甲烷燃烧活性研究

在微型固定床反应器中考察了新型甲烷催化燃烧催化剂Ni-Nb2O5和Ni-Cu-Nb2O5的活性．实验结果表明，含Nb2O5的Ni及Ni-Cu双金属催化剂具有好的催化甲烷低温燃烧性能，其甲烷转化率与反应温度、活性组分含量和空速有关．70％Ni担载量的Ni-Nb2O5催化剂可使甲烷在500℃时完全转化，并具有稳定的催化活性．Ni-Cu-Nb2O5体系催化剂中，Ni／Cu比为65／25时催化剂具有最佳的活性；该催化剂中Nb2O5可以在一个比较宽的范围内调节，并在此调节范围内可使甲烷在550℃温度下完全转化．     

Cu－Zn／γ－Al2O3催化剂的制备及其在选择加氢反应中的催化性能

 通过浸渍法制备了不同Cu／Zn比的γ－Al2O3和改性γ－Al2O3负载的Cu－Zn催化剂，并用XRD，XPS和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征．XRD表征结果表明，还原活化前催化剂中的Cu和Zn分别以CuO和ZnO的形式存在；还原活化后Cu以单质的形式存在；催化剂失活后，单质Cu又转变成CuO．XPS和SEM分析结果表明，催化剂中金属的价态及颗粒的形貌在反应前后发生了变化．所制备的催化剂在糠醛加氢制糠醇反应中表现出较高的选择性．用Co改性的γ－Al2O3负载的Cu－Zn催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性和选择性，而且还呈现出较长的寿命．催化剂中的Cu晶相是催化活性中心；催化剂中的Cu晶相转变成CuO和烧结是催化剂失活 的主要原因．     

K-Ce改性类水滑石前驱体Co-M—Al复合氧化物催化分解N2O

采用共沉淀法制备不同组分类水滑石前驱体Co-M—Al和Co—M—Ce—Al（M=Zn,Ni,Cu）复合氧化物催化剂催化分解N2O．结果表明,Co—M—Al系列氧化物催化剂的催化活性Co—Ni-Al系列〉Co—Zn-Al系列〉Co—Cu-Al系列;CeO2添加使得催化剂催化活性进一步提高,N20分解温度T50和马0均下降80℃;继续负载碱金属K也使氧化物催化剂催化活性提高,N2O分解温度T50和T90下降约50℃.     

N_2O在钾改性Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物上的催化分解(英文)

制备了几个不同组成的Cu-Co尖晶石型复合氧化物,用于N2O分解反应,在活性较高的Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4表面浸渍碱金属盐溶液,制备改性催化剂,考察了碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物和钾负载量等对改性催化剂活性的影响。用BET、XRD、SEM、XPS等方法表征了催化剂结构。结果表明,几种碱金属碳酸盐改性Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4的催化活性发生了显著变化,其中,K改性催化剂的活性有明显提高,而Cs的表面改性反而降低了催化剂活性;钾前驱物对K/Cu-Co的催化活性也有较大影响,其中,加入碳酸钾明显提高了催化剂的活性,而加入硝酸钾和醋酸钾反而降低了催化剂活性;有氧无水、有氧有水气氛中,400!C下N2O在碳酸钾改性催化剂0.05K/Cu0.8Co0.2Co2O4上的转化率分别达到了100%和87.6%;该催化剂在400!C下的恒温反应活性和稳定性均高于未改性催化剂。     

F-T组分改性KCuZrO2催化剂上CO加氢合成异丁醇的性能研究

采用共沉淀法分别制备了不同F-T组分(Fe、Co、Ni)改性的KCuZrO_2催化剂,并用于催化CO加氢合成异丁醇。通过BET、XRD、TEM、XPS、H_2-TPR、CO-TPD以及in-situ DRIFTS对催化剂进行了表征。结果显示,F-T组分的加入促进了乙醇和丙醇的形成,但是对异丁醇选择性影响不同。结果表明,Fe促进了催化剂中各组分的分散,活性组分Cu在催化剂表面发生了富集,提高了H_2/CO活化吸附;另外,KFeCuZrO_2的催化剂表面含有较多的C1物种,有利于乙醇和丙醇进一步发生β-加成反应得到异丁醇,而Co和Ni改性的催化剂上缺少足够的C1物种,因此,异丁醇的选择性并未明显增加。Co的引入对催化剂结构以及Cu的分散影响不大,但是Co改性后催化剂性能有所下降,其原因是催化剂发生了失活; Ni添加后催化剂比表面积有所减小,且催化剂表面Cu/Zr物质的量比也降低到0. 19,催化剂粒径增大,Cu-Zr之间相互作用减弱,异丁醇选择性降低。     

Cu—Zn／γ—A12O3催化剂的制备及其在选择加氢反应中的催化性能

通过浸渍法制备了不同Cu／Zn比的γ-Al2O3和改性γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂，并用XRD，XPS和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征．XRD表征结果表明，还原活化前催化剂中的Cu和Zn分别以CuO和ZnO的形式存在；还原活化后Cu以单质的形式存在；催化剂失活后，单质Cu又转变成CuO．XPS和SEM分析结果表明，催化剂中金属的价态及颗粒的形貌在反应前后发生了变化.所制备的催化剂在糠醛加氢制糠醇反应中表现出较高的选择性．用Co改性的γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Zn催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性和选择性，而且还呈现出较长的寿命．催化剂中的Cu晶相是催化活性中心；催化剂中的Cu晶相转变成CuO和烧结是催化剂失活的主要原因．     

NaBH4处理LaCuZnX(X=Zr、Al、Zr+Al)(类)钙钛矿型催化剂及其CO2加氢合成甲醇性能的研究

采用共沉淀法分别制备了不同F-T组分(Fe、Co、Ni)改性的KCuZrO_2催化剂,并用于催化CO加氢合成异丁醇。通过BET、XRD、TEM、XPS、H_2-TPR、CO-TPD以及in-situ DRIFTS对催化剂进行了表征。结果显示,F-T组分的加入促进了乙醇和丙醇的形成,但是对异丁醇选择性影响不同。结果表明,Fe促进了催化剂中各组分的分散,活性组分Cu在催化剂表面发生了富集,提高了H_2/CO活化吸附;另外,KFeCuZrO_2的催化剂表面含有较多的C_1物种,有利于乙醇和丙醇进一步发生β-加成反应得到异丁醇,而Co和Ni改性的催化剂上缺少足够的C_1物种,因此,异丁醇的选择性并未明显增加。Co的引入对催化剂结构以及Cu的分散影响不大,但是Co改性后催化剂性能有所下降,其原因是催化剂发生了失活;Ni添加后催化剂比表面积有所减小,且催化剂表面Cu/Zr物质的量比也降低到0.19,催化剂粒径增大,Cu-Zr之间相互作用减弱,异丁醇选择性降低。     

微波辐照引发甲烷部分氧化制合成气 Ⅱ.Ni/La2O3,Ni/ZrO2,Co/La2O3和Co/ZrO2的催化性能

甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气所用的催化剂主要是负载型Rh、Ni等过渡金属催化剂和复合(或混合)氧化物催化剂等[1～9].其中以活性组分Rh的催化活性最佳,稳定性也最好.但由于Rh的价格昂贵,因而其应用受到限制.Chen等[3]曾比较了第一系列过渡金属催化剂的催化活性,结果发现,只有Ni和Co对POM反应具有较高的活性和选择性.     

Ni-Cu/La2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

用浸渍法制备了不同Cu质量分数的Ni Cu/La2O3双金属催化剂，考察了金属浸渍顺序和Cu质量分数对催化剂甲烷部分氧化性能的影响,并通过BET、XRD、TPR和SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中，Cu助剂的添加对Ni/La2O3催化剂的活性有一定的改进作用，其中浸渍顺序对催化剂的性能影响很大，共浸渍制备的催化剂活性相对较好；Cu质量分数为5%~7%时催化剂有较好的活性和稳定性；XRD等测试表明,Cu和Ni金属由于相同的晶型结构及离子半径在制备过程中形成了双金属固溶体，提高了活性组分Ni的分散度，减少了Ni晶粒的烧结聚集长大，从而提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

含钴铜镍类水滑石焙烧产物催化分解N2O的研究

 合成了含Co，Cu和Ni的M／Mg－Al－HTL类水滑石，并将其焙烧产物用于N2O催化分解反应．实验结果表明，Co／Mg－Al－HTL对N2O分解反应的催化活性明显高于Cu／Mg－Al－HTL和Ni／Mg－Al－HTL的活性．在保持样品中Al含量不变的条件下，催化活性随着Co含量的增加及Mg含量的减少而升高，各催化剂的活性顺序为：Co／Al－HTL＞Co／Mg－Al－HTL＞Cu／Mg－Al－HTL＞Ni／Mg－Al－HTL．在此基础上，进一步考察了Co／Al－HTL中Co／Al原子比调变对催化剂活性的影响．对含Co类水滑石及其焙烧产物进行了XRF，XRD和N2O－TPD表征．结果表明，含Co类水滑石具有典型的水滑石结构，其高温焙烧产物都含尖晶石相．由于尖晶石相中Co－O－Al活性中心的作用，含Co类水滑石对N2O分解反应表现出较高的催化活性．随着Co／Al原子比的增大，含Co类水滑石焙烧产物的尖晶石相特征更加突出，Co－O－Al活性中心数目随之增多，催化剂的活性也相应升高．     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.