长江委水文计划管理信息系统建设的认识与思考

通过对水文计划管理信息系统建设的必要性和紧迫性的分析和阐述,提出了水文计划管理信息 系统建设的综合体系,结合长江委水文局的业务实践,针对计划管理工作的职责和特点,提出了长江委 水文计划管理信息系统的建设思路、建设内容和在线应用、服务的运行模式。     

高分子聚合工艺新型教学模式的探索与实践

掌握高分子聚合工艺的过程和控制是高分子类相关专业学生必须具有的最基本技能。本文在《高分子聚合工艺学》的课程教学和生产实习的实践教学基础上,介绍了高分子聚合工艺的一种新型教学新模式,即通过增加工艺仿真实验把教学中的学与实习中的看有效地结合起来,并在此基础上升华到产品生产的开、停运转及故障处理的综合设计,形成四合一的新型教学模式。实践证明,这种新型的教学模式可提高学生对高分子大规模聚合工艺的实际操作控制能力、工艺运行方案的综合设计能力及生产的协调组织能力。     

混合式教学模式下仪器分析双语教学探究

探讨了混合式教学模式下仪器分析的双语教学情况,主要包括：教学设计、资源库建设、新型教学模式构建与教学方法实践、课堂教学考评、教学团队建设等。以期进一步拓宽学生的国际化视野,提升学生运用外语获取仪器分析前沿知识和自主综合学习能力,提高课堂教学效果和课程国际化水平。     

硫掺杂碳纳米球的制备、表征及其储氢性能——化学材料相关专业综合设计性实验教学的探索与实践

综合设计性实验是培养大学生综合素质和创新能力最重要的途径之一。根据化学与材料相关专业的特点,开设"硫掺杂碳纳米球的制备、表征及其储氢性能"综合设计性实验项目,通过文献调研、原理阐述、方案制定、材料制备、结构表征、性能测试、数据处理与分析等实验环节,使学生充分掌握与化学和材料相关的多门课程内涉及的纳米材料制备、结构表征、性能分析等关键知识点,培养学生的综合能力和创新能力。实践表明,通过综合设计性实验的实践,学生的实践能力、创新能力、基本科学素养和综合素质得到明显提高。     

基于CDIO理念的化妆品技术专业创新实践教学平台建设

为适应我国高等职业教育的发展形势，提高学生职业能力以及职业素质，借鉴CDIO工程教育理念，构建了化妆品技术专业创新实践教学平台。平台重新梳理了化妆品技术专业实践教学的课程体系与化妆品的构思研发、工艺设计和优化、检测与评价以及产品实现等的整个生命周期所涉及到课程之间的相互关联。将这些与化妆品的具体生命历程的相关课程分别赋予到工程教育理念的构思(C)、设计(D)、实施(I)、运行(O)等4个方面，从而实现对化妆品技术专业实践教学平台的创新建设。创新实践教学平台的建设加深了学生对专业知识的理解和应用，提高了学生的实践能力、工程能力和创新创业能力，更好地实现了化妆品技术专业培养人才目标。     

大学化学综合性、设计性实验教学研究与实践

综合性、设计性实验对培养学生综合素质具有重要意义。结合教学实践,对大学化学实验中综合性、设计性实验教学存在的一些问题进行了实践与探索。     

Study on Comprehensive Protection Device of Underground Electric Grid Based on DSP

采用数字信号处理器（DSP）作为控制核心,设计了基于DSP的井下供电网智能保护装置,该综合保护装置重点解决了井下相敏过电流短路保护、热过载反时限保护、功率方向型漏电保护等长期困扰井下电网可靠性运行的问题,实验证明该综合保护装置反应灵敏、运行可靠。     

化学精品课程建设:综合化学实验课程建设与实践

综合化学实验是一门面向化学专业高年级学生的实验课程,经过几代教师不断改革创新逐渐建设成为一门教学形式新颖多样、教学内容层次丰富的创新性化学实验课程,有效帮助学生整合实验理论和方法,锻炼和提升化学相关实验技能,培养学生综合运用所学知识技能深度分析和解决化学相关科学问题的能力,引导学生独立思考、勇于创新的科研习惯的形成和科研素养的提升。对综合化学实验课程近年来在教学设计、教学内容和教学方法等方面的改革和实践进行总结,并对课程未来的建设思路予以展望。     

维生素C的3种分光光度法测量比较*——仪器分析设计性实验教学的探索与实践

仪器分析设计性实验是培养大学生创新能力的重要手段和途径。根据仪器分析实验课的特点,开设“维生素C的3种分光光度法测量比较”设计性实验项目,通过文献调研、原理阐述、方案制定、性能测试、SPSS数据处理分析软件应用等实验环节,培养学生的综合能力和创新能力。分别建立了每种方法的标准曲线,比较相关系数、回收率和相对标准偏差,并对3种方法进行精密度与准确度实验。实践表明,通过设计性实验的实践,学生的实践能力、创新能力、基本科学素养和综合素质得到明显提高。     

多学科综合实验教学中心管理运行模式的研究与实践

通过介绍陕西师范大学基础实验教学中心创新管理运行模式,阐述了多学科综合实验教学中心管理体制运行机制。这种多学科综合实验教学中心管理模式有利于高校有限实验教学资源的整合共享,能够有效推动高校实践教学的发展,贯彻以人为本的教学理念,提高人才培养质量。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.