碳环核苷的合成研究进展

碳环核苷是一类结构特殊且具有多种生物活性, 其中特别是抗病毒活性的核苷衍生物. 目前, 碳环核苷的合成及生物活性筛选已成为新药研究领域的热点之一. 综述了近年来各类碳环核苷的合成研究进展, 并对不同合成路线作了简要分析和评论.     

核苷类抗病毒药物的研究进展

本文综述了近年来核苷类抗病毒药最新研究进展。介绍了核苷类抗病毒药物的种类，着重介绍了核苷化合物的改造方式。从目前临床应用的及有应用前景的各类核苷类似物出发归纳了核苷类抗病毒剂的改造原则。     

双环及三环核苷的合成

摘要综述了天然双环核苷、抗病毒构效研究中的双环核苷和反义寡核苷酸领域中双环及三环核苷的合成研究进展,介绍了常规官能团转化法及近年来出现的自由基环合、1,3-偶极环加成和烯烃复分解等新方法。     

含萘直链多胺化合物的荧光pH效应及核苷磷酸盐的分子识别

合成了三种含萘但链长不同的多胺类化合物.研究了它们在不同pH条件下的荧光光谱，发现所研究化合物的荧光强度与pH值间有着强烈的依赖关系，因此这类化合物可用作测定溶液pH值的荧光探针.在上述化合物溶液中分别引入不同的核苷磷酸盐（ATP、ADP、AMP），发现所研究的化合物如N-(2-氨乙基)-N’-（2-[(1-萘甲基)氨乙基]）乙二胺(化合物3)，其荧光可被不同的核苷磷酸盐所猝灭.以Stern-Volmer常数（KSV）或猝灭常数（Kq）作为评估猝灭能力大小的标准表明,不同核苷磷酸盐的猝灭能力是各不相同的.其中ATP有着对化合物3荧光最大的猝灭功能.实验结果表明,分子尺寸的匹配和化合物中基团的空间合理排布是化合物和核苷磷酸盐间能发生相互作用的重要根据,而猝灭则强烈地依赖于这类物种间的相互作用,因此可利用化合物荧光强度的改变来识别各种不同的核苷磷酸盐.     

吗啉核苷类似物及其磺胺衍生物的合成及初步抗牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)活性研究

以核糖核苷为原料,通过糖环的结构转化合成了系列吗啉核苷类似物,再与磺胺类药物的母核偶联得到吗啉核苷磺胺衍生物.所得化合物均经HRMS、~(1)H NMR和~(13)C NMR谱分析确证.以牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)感染的牛肾细胞为模型对目标化合物抗病毒活性进行筛选,结果显示此类化合物无明显抗病毒活性.     

核苷磷酸盐对含双芘侧链荧光敏感器化合物的荧光猝灭与分子识别

合成了一种在水溶液中对核苷磷酸盐ATP,ADP,AMP阴离子具有识别能力的荧光化学敏感器分子---化合物1。通过检测化合物1在水溶液中芘激基缔合物荧光发射强度随核苷磷酸盐、腺嘌呤等的加入而引起的变化,求出不同核苷磷酸盐及腺嘌呤对芘激基缔合物荧光发射的猝灭常数,并进行了比较研究。利用荧光发射强度随不同核苷磷酸盐引入而发生的变化计算出化合物1对不同核苷磷酸盐进行配位的配位稳定常数。结果表明所合成的化合物1对ATP有着良好的识别力选择功能。此外,还利用分子力学的计算方法对化合物1及其与核苷磷酸盐形成配合物后的分子构象及几何尺寸作了计算,并结合实验结果进行了初步讨论。     

离子液体中核苷类似物的化学合成

核苷类似物因其显著的抗病毒、抗肿瘤活性,已作为化疗药物在临床上得到了广泛应用.核苷类似物的高效绿色合成是有机化学和药物化学领域的重要课题.本文对近年来离子液体介质中的核苷改造进行了综述,主要包括羟基和氨基的保护、糖基的改造、碱基的改造、糖基与碱基的耦合和寡核苷酸的合成.离子液体作为一类物理化学性能"可设计"的绿色软介质...     

修饰的三环特殊碱基衍生物合成

核苷例如鸟苷等是核酸的基本结构单元,具有重要的生物活性.近来核苷的结构修饰研究成为化学生物学的前沿领域之一,引起人们极大关注[1],无环鸟苷ACV和丙氧鸟苷GCV是人工合成的鸟苷的修饰衍生物,是目前治疗基因缺损的抗病毒药优良品种.Boryski等[2]以ACV做母体并将之转换成三环嘌呤衍生物,得到了具有较好抗疱疹性能的化合物.另一方面,修饰的嘌呤三环衍生物亦被发现是一类稀有的特殊核酸碱基,存在于生物体的DNA中.     

微波在核苷类化合物合成中的应用

核苷类化合物由于其显著的抗病毒、抗癌等生理活性而受到广泛关注. 利用微波促进核苷类化合物的合成与传统合成方法相比, 有明显的优势. 对近年来微波在核苷类化合物合成中的应用进行综述, 着重介绍了微波作用于几种重要核苷类化合物合成反应类型的研究状况.     

Cu(Ⅱ)-Mn(Ⅱ)-Cu(Ⅱ)异三核配合物的合成与磁性研究

分子磁体化合物的设计合成是近年来迅速发展的一个新兴前沿领域[1,2],它涉及化学、物理、材料等诸多领域,多核配合物体系是分子磁体化合物中研究最为广泛和深入的一类体系.     

Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions—using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation—enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a “green” chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed.     

Applications of SHAPES screening in drug discovery

The SHAPES strategy combines nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) screening of a library of small drug-like molecules with a variety of complementary methods, such as virtual screening, high throughput enzymatic assays, combinatorial chemistry, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, in a directed search for new medicinal chemistry leads. In the past few years, the SHAPES strategy has found widespread utility in pharmaceutical research. To illustrate a variety of different implementations of the method, we will focus in this review on recent applications of the SHAPES strategy in several drug discovery programs at Vertex Pharmaceuticals.     

多肽片段连接方法及肽硫酯和肽醛的合成*

本文综述了多肽和蛋白质合成中的片段连接方法,这是近年来多肽和蛋白质合成领域中方法学上的重要进展.该方法使用非保护的多肽片段,无需酶或化学活化试剂,在缓冲溶液中能够高产率地获得多肽和蛋白质.还介绍了与多肽片段连接有关的肽硫酯和肽醛的合成方法.     

Development of an online citrate/Ca2+ sensing system for dialysis

An online citrate and Ca(2+) sensing system based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) is developed as a safety module for hemodialysis. Host 1 displays high affinity towards citrate, and was selected for this study owing to its unique structural features. The o-aminomethylphenylboronic moiety can effectively interact with the α-hydroxycarboxylate moiety of citrate and the remaining two guanidiniums may further stabilize the complex via hydrogen bonds. Fura-2 chelates to Ca(2+) with a high selectivity and affinity and was utilized in this study for Ca(2+) measurements. The citrate sensing chemistry via an indicator displacement assay is orthogonal to the Ca(2+) sensing chemistry, and the use of sophisticated chemometrics is not required for data analysis. The citrate and Ca(2+) concentrations in dialysate samples are measured with the developed SIA system. The obtained citrate concentrations were verified via a commercially available enzymatic assay and an NMR method, respectively, while the Ca(2+) concentrations were verified via atomic absorption.     

生物催化在药物合成中的应用

生物转化是生产单一对映体产品的有效方法。水解酶是最常用的一种酶，特别 是脂肪酶广泛使用于水解，酯化和氨解反应中。在有机合成中很少被使用的裂合酶 也开始引起人们的关注，例如，用（R）-醇腈酶可以合成具有光学活性的氰醇，它 是一种重要的医药中间体。主要介绍了用于医药化学领域的四种生物催化反应：酶 法醇的转化、酶法胺的区域选择性乙酰化、天然产物的烷氧羰基化和以（R）-醇腈 酶为催化剂，化学-酶法合成高附加值的产品的反应。     

Enantio‐, Regio‐, and Chemoselective Lipase‐Catalyzed Polymer Synthesis

In contrast to chemical routes, enzymatic polymerization possesses favorable characteristics of mild reaction conditions, few by‐products, and high activity toward cyclic lactones which make it a promising technique for constructing polymeric materials. Meanwhile, it can avoid the trace residue of metallic catalysts and potential toxicity, and thus exhibits great potential in the biomedical fields. More importantly, lipase‐catalyzed polymer synthesis usually shows favorable enantio‐, regio‐, and chemoselectivity. Here, the history and recent developments in lipase‐catalyzed selective polymerization for constructing polymers with unique structures and properties are highlighted. In particular, the synthesis of polymeric materials which are difficult to prepare in a chemical route and the construction of polymers through the combination of selective enzymatic and chemical methods are focused. In addition, the future direction is proposed especially based on the rapid developments in computational chemistry and protein engineering techniques.     

脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成单月桂酸甘油酯

生物酶催化的有机化学反应具有选择性高、反应条件温和、环境友好等优点,本项目通过对酶催化合成单月桂酸甘油酯的反应条件和产物分离条件进行详细研究,将酶催化反应引入本科实验教学,使学生学习先进的知识技术。本项目的合成部分采用月桂酸:甘油=1:3.5(摩尔比)的投料比、5%酶用量,在52℃反应80 min;回收脂肪酶后,洗涤除去甘油,蒸馏除去叔丁醇,最后用石油醚重结晶可得到纯度90%以上的高含量产品,分离产率47%–53%,实验的稳定性和重现性好,很适合作为一个大学本科有机实验项目。     

Photocyclization reactions of cyclohexa- and cyclopenta-fused pyridinium salts. Factors governing regioselectivity

The results of studies described in this report show that irradiation of 1,2-cyclopenta-fused pyridinium perchlorate in aqueous base promotes a remarkably regioselective photocyclization reaction that results in exclusive formation of a single tricyclic allylic alcohol. Moreover, transformation of this photoproduct to a spirocyclic amido diester followed by enzymatic desymmetrization produces an enantiomerically pure monoalcohol. This chemistry comprises a highly concise sequence for the preparation of what should become a useful synthon in synthetic organic chemistry.     

叶酸辅酶参与的一碳单元转移反应*

本文介绍了四氢叶酸的分子结构和一碳单元转移反应的生物学功能,从实验和理论两个方面讨论了一碳单元转移反应的研究现状及存在的主要问题,并展望了用量子化学及分子力学方法对该类反应进行进一步理论研究的前景.     

Green polymer chemistry using nature's catalysts,enzymes

The use of enzymes as catalysts for organic synthesis has become an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional chemical catalysis. Enzymes offer several advantages including high selectivity, ability to operate under mild conditions, catalyst recyclability, and biocompatibility. Although there are many examples in the literature involving enzymes for the synthesis of polymers, our search showed that very little had been done in the area of polymer modification. In this article, we will discuss enzyme catalysis in general and highlight our recent results concerning precision polymer functionalization using enzymatic catalysis—“green polymer chemistry.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2959–2976, 2009