低温水煤气变换催化剂Cu/ZrO_2的制备、表征与性能

以水热法制得的纯单斜相ZrO2为载体,采用沉积沉淀法制备了一系列具有良好水煤气变换反应活性的Cu/ZrO2催化剂.并通过X射线粉末衍射、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原、X射线荧光元素分析、高分辨透射电镜和扫描电镜等手段考察了制备参数对Cu/ZrO2催化剂结构的影响,探讨了其结构与性能的关系.结果表明,CuO负载量、沉淀温度、沉淀剂种类和焙烧温度均在一定程度上影响了催化剂活性组分的晶粒大小、分散状态、织构性质及载体与活性组分间的相互作用,从而影响催化剂活性.催化剂制备的适宜条件为:CuO负载量25%,沉淀温度65oC,KOH为沉淀剂,在H2气氛300oC焙烧2h.     

沉淀剂种类对水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂结构和催化性能的影响

 采用7种沉淀剂(K2CO3, Na2CO3, NH4OH, (NH4)2CO3, NaOH, KOH和尿素)通过共沉淀法制备了低温水煤气变换(WGS) Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了沉淀剂种类对其催化性能的影响. 通过N2吸附, X射线荧光光谱、 X射线衍射、 H2程序升温还原和CO程序升温脱附等表征手段,探讨了不同沉淀剂影响Au/Fe2O3催化剂WGS性能的原因. 结果表明,采用K2CO3和Na2CO3制备的催化剂样品在200 ℃以上具有较好的活性和稳定性,其中K2CO3是最佳沉淀剂. 而采用NH4OH和(NH4)2CO3制备的样品的催化活性相对较低,在200 ℃达到峰值. 由其它3种沉淀剂制备的样品的催化活性都较差, CO转化率最高只有35%. 沉淀剂种类不仅明显地影响金离子和铁离子的共沉淀,而且会明显地影响共沉淀物在后续焙烧过程中的结晶行为. 前者将影响金的负载量,后者则影响金粒子的分散度以及氧化铁载体的还原性质和对CO的吸脱附性能. Au/Fe2O3催化剂的低温高活性及其稳定性归因于高度分散的金粒子及其与易被还原的氧化铁载体间的协同作用. 催化剂中金负载量增大、金粒子分散度提高以及氧化铁晶粒减小均有利于其催化性能的提高.     

负载纳米金对氧化铁载体结构和水煤气变换催化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法在多种条件下分别制备氧化铁及其负载金催化剂,测定其水煤气变换反应活性.通过BET-PS,XRD,H2-TPR和CO-TPD等表征手段,研究负载纳米金对氧化铁载体结构、结晶行为、还原性能以及CO吸脱附性质的影响,探讨氧化铁负载金催化剂的活性相.结果表明:(1)负载纳米金能抑制氧化铁载体在焙烧时的结晶过程,提高其还原性能以及增加表面CO吸附中心.但这种抑制作用与催化剂的制备条件(如沉淀剂种类、沉淀方式和焙烧温度等)密切相关.(2)氧化铁负载金催化剂的低温高活性(<300℃)可能是纳米金粒子与Fe3O4相协同作用的结果,在高温区(>300℃)仍是Fe3O4相起主要催化作用.     

焙烧温度对低温水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用改性沉积-沉淀法制备了系列低温水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂, 发现经300 ℃焙烧的样品具有较好的催化活性和稳定性. 并运用N2物理吸附、原位X 射线粉末衍射(in situ XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术, 探讨焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响机制, 同时对样品的失活原因进行了分析. 结果表明, 催化剂性能与焙烧温度引起的金和载体氧化铁的相互作用以及载体还原性质的变化密切相关. XPS表征结果说明, 尽管反应后在催化剂表面有碳酸盐或类碳酸盐物种生成, 但半定量分析表明这些物种的形成不是催化剂失活的主要原因;根据在低温水煤气变换反应过程中Au/Fe2O3催化剂的比表面积明显下降, 载体的结晶度也明显提高, 推断Au/Fe2O3催化剂载体的结构性质的变化才是其失活的主要原因.     

焙烧温度对低温水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用改性沉积-沉淀法制备了系列低温水煤气变换Au/Fe2O3催化剂,发现经300℃焙烧的样品具有较好的催化活性和稳定性.并运用N2物理吸附、原位X射线粉末衍射(in situ XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术,探讨焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响机制,同时对样品的失活原因进行了分析.结果表明,催化剂性能与焙烧温度引起的金和载体氧化铁的相互作用以及载体还原性质的变化密切相关.XPS表征结果说明,尽管反应后在催化剂表面有碳酸盐或类碳酸盐物种生成,但半定量分析表明这些物种的形成不是催化剂失活的主要原因;根据在低温水煤气变换反应过程中Au/Fe2O3催化剂的比表面积明显下降,载体的结晶度也明显提高,推断Au/Fe2O3催化剂载体的结构性质的变化才是其失活的主要原因.     

微乳法制备Au／Fe2O3水煤气变换反应催化剂 Ⅰ．制备参数对催化剂活性的影响

 分别在TritonX－100／正己醇／环己烷／水和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）／正己醇／水的W／O型微乳液体系中合成了Au／Fe2O3催化剂，考察了主要制备参数对催化剂水煤气变换活性的影响．结果表明，催化剂的焙烧温度、水与表面活性剂的质量比（rw）、表面活性剂浓度（W）、表面活性剂种类及催化剂活性组分金的负载量均对催化剂活性有显著的影响．催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为250℃，催化活性随着rw和W的增加而降低，由TritonX－100制得的催化剂的活性高于由CTAB制得的催化剂．当金负载量为3％，水煤气变换反应温度为200℃时，CO的转化率可达99．5％．     

CeO_2-Al_2O_3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积-沉淀法制备了CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H2-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积-沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物具有较大的CeO2晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

CeO2-Al2O3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积 沉淀法制备了CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H₂-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积 沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有较大的CeO₂晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂的制备、表征及其在CO氧化和水煤气变换反应中的催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了不同锆铈摩尔比的Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9和1.0)氧化物,并以改性的浸渍法制备了金担载量为1%(质量分数)的Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂.考察了催化剂在低温CO氧化和水煤气变换反应中的催化性能.应用氮物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电镜和H2程序升温还原等技术对氧化物载体及其负载金催化剂进行了表征,并与其催化性能进行了关联.结果表明,与纯CeO2和ZrO2相比,Ce1-xZrxO2的比表面积增大而孔径减小,孔分布更加集中.Zr的加入使表面Ce4 的还原更加困难,使体相Ce4 的还原更加容易.活性组分金的加入有利于铈锆氧化物的还原.ZrO2载体较大的孔径使金在载体表面分散均匀而粒子较小,因此与Au/CeO2和Au/Ce1-xZrxO2相比,Au/ZrO2具有更好的低温CO氧化活性和水煤气变换活性,而Au/CeZrO在高温下的水煤气变换反应中表现出更好的催化性能.     

丙烯气相直接环氧化Au/TiO2催化剂的研究

在H2和O2共存条件下，金催化剂催化丙烯气相直接环氧化反应是近年来发展起来的一种新型环氧丙烷(PO)合成技术．本文采用沉积沉淀法制备了一系列Au／TiO2催化剂，考察了反应溶液的pH值、Au负载量、沉淀剂以及焙烧温度等因素对催化剂丙烯环氧化催化性能的影响．结果表明制备条件对催化性能有明显影响：反应溶液的pH值为7．5及Au负载量为2．4％时所得催化剂活性最好；当以Na2CO3、NaOH等含Na^ 物质作为沉淀剂时，催化性能明显优于Li^ 、K^ 等其它碱金属离子；400℃焙烧制得的催化剂活性较好，在50℃低温反应条件下，环氧丙烷得率可达1．3％．HRTEM结果表明，催化剂中Au组分高度分散于载体表面，且随着焙烧温度的增加Au粒因发生聚集而变大，从而影响了催化剂的活性．表面XPS分析证实，活性较好的Au／TiO2催化剂中活性组分Au除部分呈氧化态外，主要是以金属态的形式存在．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.