高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定植物油中苯并芘与黄曲霉毒素B_1,B_2,G_1,G_2

建立了植物油中苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。以乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1)提取样品,凝胶渗透色谱净化,以XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)分离,流动相为甲醇(含1%甲苯)和10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速0.25 mL/min,大气压光致电离(APPI+),多反应监测模式扫描(MRM),外标法定量。结果表明,苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G25种化合物分别在0.3~25,0.5~30,1.0~10,1.0~30,1.0~10μg/kg范围内呈良好线性,相应定量下限分别为0.3,0.5,1.0,1.0,1.0μg/kg,相关系数为0.999 6~0.999 9;加标回收率为80.3%~106.8%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~10.0%。该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于植物油中苯并芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的同时快速测定。     

超声萃取-免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定蜂房药材中4种黄曲霉毒素

建立超声萃取-免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱同时测定蜂房药材中黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2含量的分析方法。样品经粉碎，过孔径为120μm筛后，采用70%甲醇溶液超声处理30 min，经免疫亲和柱净化、高效液相色谱分离、光化学柱后衍生，通过荧光检测器测定4种黄曲霉毒素的含量。黄曲霉毒素B1的线性范围为0.010 4～0.052 0 ng，相关系数为0.999 9；黄曲霉毒素B2的线性范围为0.003 8～0.019 0 ng，相关系数为0.999 8；黄曲霉毒素G1的线性范围为0.010 8～0.054 0 ng，相关系数为0.999 8；黄曲霉毒素G2的线性范围为0.003 8～0.019 0 ng，相关系数为0.999 8。4种黄曲霉毒素检出限分别为0.42、0.15、0.43、0.15μg/kg，测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.5%(n=6)，样品加标回收率为92.9%～96.9%。该方法操作简便，灵敏度高，可用于蜂房中黄曲霉毒素含量的测定。     

光化学柱后衍生–高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿营养米粉中的黄曲霉毒素B1

建立婴幼儿营养米粉中黄曲霉毒素B1的高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定方法。样品以甲醇–水(体积比70∶30)溶液匀质提取,过黄曲霉毒素B1免疫层析亲和柱净化,经CNW Athena C18色谱柱分离和光化学柱后衍生反应器衍生后,用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定。采用峰面积外标法定量黄曲霉毒素B1含量。黄曲霉毒素B1在0～10μg/L的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8,检出限为0.25μg/kg。在3个添加水平下加标回收率为97.7%～106.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.7%(n=6)。该方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度均符合黄曲霉毒素B1的检测技术要求,适用于婴幼儿营养米粉中黄曲霉毒素B1的日常检测。     

高效液相色谱法对农产品中黄曲霉毒素的测定研究

采用免疫亲和方法进行样品前处理,用甲醇-乙腈-水三元流动相体系分离黄曲霉毒素,氯化汞溶液在线衍生,荧光检测器检测,建立了新型的高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1、G2、M1)的方法。该方法在13 min内完成测定,线性关系良好,5种黄曲霉毒素的线性相关系数r值均大于0.999。方法成功应用于花生、花生制品、大米、玉米等农产品。对样品进行不同水平的加标回收实验,回收率为83%~100%,相对标准偏差1.51%~4.98%(n=7),B1检出限(S/N=3)和定量下限(S/N=10)分别达到了0.05μg/kg和0.17μg/kg。     

柱后光化学衍生高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的方法。用乙腈和水的混合溶液(体积比为80∶20)提取牛奶样品中4种黄曲霉毒素,提取液经Mycosep 228 AflaPat多功能净化柱净化,浓缩后采用C18色谱柱分离,光化学衍生后进入荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。对牛奶样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检出限分别为0.50,0.10,0.50,0.10μg/kg,回收率均在85%以上,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.72%～3.52%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,速度快,重现性好,满足牛奶中黄曲霉毒素检测的要求。     

基于多巴胺-氧化石墨烯复合物的搅拌棒吸附萃取/高效液相色谱法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素

建立了一种基于贻贝仿生化学涂层的搅拌棒吸附萃取/高效液相色谱/荧光检测器(SBSE/HPLC-FLD)同时测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的方法。基于贻贝仿生化学制备多巴胺-氧化石墨烯复合物固相萃取材料,利用搅拌棒吸附萃取技术对样品进行提取;以甲醇-乙腈-水(10%磷酸调至p H 3.5,体积比3∶3∶5)作为流动相,采用荧光检测器进行检测。结果显示,黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2在0.200~10.0μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(相关系数r~2≥0.998 9),加标回收率为81.5%~96.9%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~3.4%,日间RSD为1.9%~3.5%,方法检出限为0.025~0.050μg/L。该方法高效、灵敏、可靠,能够满足食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的测定要求。     

电化学衍生-高效液相色谱和荧光光度法检测花生酱中的黄曲霉毒素

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-柱后电化学衍生-高效液相色谱结合荧光光度法检测花生酱中4种黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)的方法。样品经过体积分数为60%的甲醇提取,通过免疫亲和柱净化后,以KobraCell装置柱后衍生,高效液相色谱法分离定量。黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2能达到完全的基线分离,检测限分别为0.5、0.15、0.5和0.15μg/kg,线性相关系数0.999,回收率可达74.2%～96.5%,相对标准偏差低于11%。该方法能够满足花生酱中黄曲霉毒素检测的需要。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定山茶油中黄曲霉毒素B1

建立了山茶油中黄曲霉毒素B1含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。通过对前处理方法的优化,选择了甲醇和水作为山茶油中黄曲霉毒素B1的提取溶剂,经免疫亲和柱富集浓缩后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析,经C18色谱柱分离,在电喷雾离子化正离子模式(ESI+)及多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。在优化条件下,该方法线性范围为0.4～6.4μg/L,相关系数r2>0.998,最低检出限为0.026μg/kg,在添加水平为0.008,0.016和0.032μg时,方法回收率在85.9%～93.8%之间;相对标准偏差为1.8%～5.0%。方法可满足山茶油中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测要求。     

免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉素、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

建立了同时检测粮谷中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A的免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱方法.样品经过甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)提取,通过免疫亲和柱富集和净化,采用Waters Nova-Pak色谱柱(3.9 mm I.d.×150 mm,4 μm),以甲醇、乙腈和1%的磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱后光化学衍生、改变波长荧光检测.黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A检出限分别为0.24,4.0和0.5 μg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.24～6.0,4.0～100.0和0.5～40.0 μg/L;在小麦、玉米、黑麦样品中,平均加标回收率为70.8% ～94.0%,相对标准偏差为2.79% ～9.38%.     

凝胶渗透色谱-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定奶及奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M_1

建立了用凝胶渗透色谱-超高效液相色谱/串联三重四级杆质谱测定牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M_1的方法。方法以乙腈超声提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化后,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸(3:7,V/V)为流动相,UPLC BEH C18分离,ESI+模式质谱检测,外标法定量。黄曲霉毒素M_1在0.1~4.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.9955,检出限为0.01μg/kg,定量限为0.05μg/kg。牛奶样品在0.1,0.2,0.5μg/kg 3个加标浓度下,黄曲霉毒素M_1的回收率为72.4%~92.2%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~7.8%。     

Overpressured layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in red paprika

Determination of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin (B1 + B2 + G1 + G2) in red paprika powder is described using column chromatographic sample clean-up, overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) separation and fluorescence densitometric evaluation. Two OPLC methods were developed for separation of the four aflatoxins. The detection limit and quantification limit of aflatoxins in red paprika were 0.5 and 1 μg/kg in both methods, respectively. Recovery experiment was carried out with sample containing 1.74 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 3.56 μg/kg total aflatoxins measured by European standard HPLC method. Mean recovery amounted to 78.5% (SD 16.1%, n = 5) for aflatoxin B1 and 81.8% (SD 17.1%, n = 5) for total aflatoxins in the case of method 1. It was 105.3% (SD 10.7%, n = 5) for aflatoxin B1 and 97.4% (SD 18.6%, n = 5) for total aflatoxins using the method 2. Despite of that the Hungarian climate is not proper for the toxin production of moulds high aflatoxin B1 contaminated red paprika purchased from the market was found, which may originate from mixing of imported paprika containing very high level toxin with Hungarian one.     

Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A new approach to the determination of afiatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ is given; the method involves high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection in the differential-pulse mode at the dropping mercury electrode with 1-s drop time. These aflatoxins can be determined simultaneously with good resolution but with some compromise in sensitivity. The detection limit of underivatized aflatoxin standards is around 5 ng. Average recoveries of aflatoxins from peanut butter by the Beebe method were G₂ 81%, G₁ 87%, B₂ 77% and B₁ 76%.     

Determination of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 in medicinal herbs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An easy method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 in Rhammus purshiana by LC coupled to mass spectrometry has been developed. Aflatoxins were extracted with a mixture of methanol and water and then it was purified by solid-phase clean-up using a polymeric sorbent, not described previously, for the determination of these toxins. The eluted extract was injected into the chromatographic system using a reversed-phase C18 short column with an isocratic mobile phase composed of methanol-water (30:70). A single-quadruple mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionization source operating in the positive ion mode was used to detect aflatoxins due to derivatization presenting several disadvantages. Recoveries of the full analytical procedure were 110% for aflatoxin B1, 89% for aflatoxin B2, 81% for aflatoxin G1 and 77% for aflatoxin G2. Detection limit (S/N = 3) was 10 ng and quantification limit (S/N = 10) was 25 ng, calculated as amount in medicinal herb.     

A Guide to Thin-Layer Chromatographic Systems for the Separation of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2

Abstract

The separation of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ was compared on six commercial silica gel plates in twelve solvent systems. Two of the solvent systems, chloroform: acetone: ammonium hydroxide (90: 10: 0.25) and chloroform: acetone: hexane (85: 15: 20) resolved the four aflatoxins on all the tested plates. The solvent modifier played an important role in the resolution of these compounds. The effect of the hardness of the plate is also discussed.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱检测谷物中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和M1

建立了高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测谷物中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和M1的方法.并优化了液相色谱条件和质谱的相关参数.谷物样品经研磨成粉末后,直接经甲醇-水( V∶V=10∶90)提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取净化,乙腈-水(0.2％甲酸)梯度洗脱,选择电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子扫描...     

Large-scale purification of the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, B2 and G1

The isolation and purification of gram quantities of the important mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, B2 and G1 are described. The method involves final purification on a Waters Prep LC-500 instrument, loaded with silica cartridges, and elution with chloroform.     

Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in cereal products

The application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique for the rapid analysis of aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2) in maize, rice and wheat products has been evaluated. After extraction of aflatoxins from cereal matrices with a mixture of methanol/water 8:2 (v/v), the analytes were rapidly transferred from the extract to another small volume of organic solvent, chloroform, by DLLME. Aflatoxins were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with florescence detection and photochemical post-column derivatization. Parameters affecting both extraction and DLLME procedures, such as extraction solvent, type and volume of DLLME extractant, volume of water and salt effect, were systematically investigated and optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the whole analytical method provides enrichment factors around 2.5 times and detection limits (0.01-0.17 μg kg(-1)) below the maximum levels imposed by current regulation for aflatoxins in cereals and cereal products intended for direct human consumption. Recoveries (67-92%) and repeatability (RSD<10, n=3), tested in three different cereal matrices, meet the performance criteria required by EC Regulation No. 401/2006 for the determination of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of retail cereal products with quantitative results comparable to the immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC). The main advantages of developed method are the simplicity of operation, the rapidity to achieve a very high sample throughput and low cost.