气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中的25种有机氯农药残留

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术建立了茶叶中25种有机氯农药残留同时测定的方法。茶叶样品中有机氯农药残留通过正己烷-丙酮(体积比为2∶1)溶液提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)检测。方法的线性范围为0.010～0.500 mg/L。在茶叶样品中0.01～0.20 mg/kg加标水平下有机氯混标的加标回收率为70.8%～105.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～12.7%。除硫丹Ⅰ和硫丹Ⅱ的定量限为0.02 mg/kg以外,其余23种有机氯农药的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法同时测定花生中18种有机氯农药残留

利用气相色谱(GC)建立了花生中18种有机氯农药同时测定的方法。花生中有机氯农药残留通过乙腈提取,减压浓缩后过弗罗里固相萃取柱净化,采用正己烷-丙酮(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,淋洗液氮吹近干后以正己烷定容,应用微池电子捕获检测器(μECD)检测。氟氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的检出限分别为50和100g/kg,其余16种有机氯农药检出限均为10μg/kg。在花生样品中添加检测限水平有机氯混标溶液,加标回收率为71.28%～116.58%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.08%～18.16%(n=4或5)。     

粮谷与油籽中9种二苯醚除草剂残留的气相色谱-质谱法测定

利用气质联用(GC-MS)技术建立了粮谷与油籽中9种二苯醚除草剂多残留同时检测的方法。粮谷与油籽中二苯醚除草剂残留通过乙腈提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用正己烷-丙酮(体积比6∶4)溶液淋洗,淋洗液吹氮至干后以正己烷定容,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)测定。标准工作曲线线性范围在0.02~1.00 mg/L之间,粮谷与油籽中0.01~0.10 mg/kg水平二苯醚混标加标回收率在70%~105%之间,相对标准偏差在2.1%~13.6%之间。9种二苯醚除草剂定量下限(10δ)均小于0.025 mg/kg。     

大米与大豆中8种二苯醚除草剂残留量气相色谱测定方法研究

利用气相色谱(GC)建立了粮谷与油籽中8种二苯醚除草剂残留量同时测定的方法。大米与大豆中二苯醚除草剂残留量通过乙腈提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)=6∶4溶液洗脱,洗脱液吹氮至干后以正己烷定容后供GC测定。标准工作曲线范围在0.01~0.50 mg/L之间。在粮谷与油籽样品中0.01~0.10 mg/kg水平二苯醚混标加标回收率在70%~105%之间,相对标准偏差在4.1%~14.3%之间。8种二苯醚除草剂定量下限均小于0.025 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯农药(速灭威、异丙威、仲丁威、残杀威和抗蚜威)同时测定的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)混合溶液提取后,通过400 mg PSA/400 mg C18/1 200 mg Mg SO4的Qu ECh ERS试剂盒进行净化,Rxi-5 Sil MS毛细管柱(30 m,0.25 mm×0.25μm)进行分离,串联质谱进行定性定量分析。5种农药在各自的线性范围(速灭威和残杀威为5~500μg/kg,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威为1~500μg/kg)内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;在5,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,速灭威和残杀威的平均回收率为77.5%~95.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%~6.1%,检出限和定量下限分别为1μg/kg和5μg/kg;在1,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威的平均回收率为79.5%~102.5%,RSD为2.0%~8.2%,检出限和定量下限分别为0.2μg/kg和1μg/kg。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足乌龙茶样品中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的分析要求。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法对土壤中有机氯农药的分析及基质效应研究

建立了一种固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定土壤中23种有机氯农药的方法,并研究了不同基质效应补偿方式。土壤样品经正己烷∶丙酮(体积比1∶1)提取,弗罗里土小柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱仪检测。结果发现7种有机氯存在中/强程度的基质效应;在10 mL二氯甲烷∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)+10 mL丙酮∶正己烷(体积比1∶9)为固相萃取的洗脱剂,且脉冲压力为275.8 kPa条件下,可将23种有机氯的基质效应均控制在20%以内。23种有机氯农药在0.4～10μg·mL~(-1)质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r~2)均不小于0.999 2,检出限为1.0～8.6μg·kg~(-1),定量下限为4.0～34.4μg·kg~(-1);在20、60、100μg·kg~(-1)3个加标水平下空白土壤中的平均回收率为46.3%～127%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.68%～15%。采用该方法在某土壤样品中检出α-六六六、γ-六六六、p,p′-DDE、异狄氏剂醛、p,p′-DDT 5种有机氯农药。     

磷酸处理-气相色谱法测定含硫蔬菜中的多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了含硫蔬菜(青葱、洋葱、大蒜、蒜苔、韭菜等)中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的测定方法。采用10%磷酸处理含硫蔬菜,去除含硫化合物的干扰,再用1∶1的丙酮-正己烷提取,加入2%的硫酸钠溶液用正己烷进行液液分配,提取液用硅镁吸附剂层析柱净化,用气相色谱-电子俘获检测器检测。样品加标回收率在78.0%~97.8%之间,相对标准偏差在3.0%~9.6%之间。该方法的检出限为有机氯农药0.001 mg/kg,联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯为0.002 mg/kg,其余五种拟除虫菊酯类农药0.005 mg/kg。     

气相色谱法测定虾中有机氯农药和多氯联苯残留量

建立了气相色谱法检测虾中12种有机氯农药(OCPs)和7种多氯联苯(PCBs)残留的方法。捣碎匀浆后的样品采用正己烷/二氯甲烷提取,H2SO4(浓)净化,气相色谱仪电子捕获检测器进行分析测定。有机氯农药和多氯联苯的定量限为0.3~1.5μg/kg;在虾中2,10,20μg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为70.6%~102%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~6.2%。方法适用于虾中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的定性定量分析。     

QuEChERS-凝胶渗透色谱/气相色谱-质谱法同时测定降尘中18种有机氯农药

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱/气相色谱-质谱(GPC/GC-MS)测定大气降尘中18种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品经过简化QuEChERS方法处理后,经乙腈萃取,石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化,一步离心后过膜上机检测。采用该方法能在30 min内处理8~10个样品,配合GPC净化,不仅缩短了分析时间,而且提高了工作效率和结果的准确性。检测结果表明,18种有机氯农药在0.025~2.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.991 9~0.999 6,样品检出限为3.2~14.6μg/kg,定量下限为10.7~48.7μg/kg。在0.2、1.0 mg/kg 2个加标水平下,18种有机氯农药的平均回收率为78.6%~117.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.3%~5.1%。     

羟基化多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱测定茶叶中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了羟基化多壁碳纳米管作为吸附剂的改进Qu ECh ERS方法,联合气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测茶叶中24种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量。茶叶样品中的农药残留经正己烷-丙酮(2∶1)提取,以羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-OH)和N-丙基乙二胺键合固相吸附剂(PSA)吸附提取液中的杂质,提取液离心后过滤,经气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定,外标法定量。研究了不同吸附剂种类、提取溶剂、吸附剂用量对提取净化效率的影响。在优化实验条件下,目标物质在0.01~0.50 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好。空白茶叶样品在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为78.6%~109.6%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.1%~9.3%;方法的定量下限为0.002~0.050 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏、成本低,能满足茶叶中常见有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测要求,特别适合在小型实验室和企业中推广使用。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.