环氧化天然橡胶中环氧基团分布情况的研究

通过在胶乳状态下原位生成过氧甲酸制备环氧化天然橡胶（ENR），采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FRIR）对环氧化天然橡胶的结构进行表征，核磁共振谱仪（NMR）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对环氧基团的分布进行了研究，结果表明，过氧甲酸能迅速地渗透到橡胶粒子的内部，使环氧化基团分布在整个橡胶粒子上，环氧基团在ENR分子链上是无规分布...     

用FTIR研究环氧化天然橡胶的热老化

与天然橡胶（ＮＲ）相比,环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）具有良好的耐油性和气密性［１,２］,并由于环氧基团而有一定的极性,同其它高聚物的相容性较好．通过环氧基团的二次反应,ＥＮＲ分子链可接上其它的功能团,满足一些特殊的用途［３,４］．对于ＥＮＲ的力学性能、共...     

环氧化天然橡胶的研究进展

天然橡胶(NR)作为一种植物合成的可再生资源,与由石油生产的合成橡胶相比,更能满足当今世界普遍追求可持续发展的需要。NR的环氧化改性具有操作简单、方法经济、反应可在水相中进行的特点,制备得到的环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)具有良好的相容性、抗湿滑性、低的滚动阻力、耐油性和气密性等特点,在轮胎工业、胶粘剂和新型复合材料等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。本文对近年来ENR制备和表征方法、ENR与白炭黑之间的相互作用、ENR的硫化及其在轮胎胶料中的应用等方面的最新进展进行了综述,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

环氧天然橡胶接枝高分散白炭黑增强天然橡胶复合材料的制备及表征

基于白炭黑表面硅羟基与环氧基团的可反应性,利用Haake流变仪的高温高剪切作用,在170℃下,实现了环氧天然橡胶(ENR)对白炭黑的固态原位接枝,制备出一种高分散疏水型白炭黑.探讨了白炭黑和ENR的反应配比对增强性能的影响,确定合适的反应比例为3∶1.FTIR、TGA和TEM的分析结果证实了ENR被接枝到白炭黑表面上.对比研究了接枝前、后白炭黑对增强天然橡胶(NR)复合材料性能的影响,测试结果表明接枝白炭黑在天然橡胶中具有良好的分散性并能明显改善对天然橡胶的增强效果;接枝于白炭黑表面上的环氧天然橡胶分子玻璃化转变向高温偏移,使该复合材料在常温下具备优异力学性能的同时也体现出了高动态滞后的特点.     

ENR-25改性CaCO3填充LDPE的复合材料的研究

用环氧程度为25％的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR－25）改性轻质CaCO3。研究了改性方法，改性剂用量，CaCO3填充量对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）材料与性能的影响。结果表明，7．5％的ENR－25湿法改性有效地改善了CaCO2在LDPE中的分散性及相容性，增强了界面作用强度，使材料在拉伸强度保持较高的情况下，拉伸弹性模量，撕裂强度和断裂伸长率得到有效的提高。     

环氧化合物羰基化反应研究新进展

通过催化的方法在有机化合物分子中引入羰基和其它基团而成为含氧化合物的羰基化反应,具有"原子经济性"反应的高选择性和对环境的友好性,可充分利用资源和保护环境,符合绿色化学发展趋势等优点,备受学术界及工业界青睐.综述了近年来羰基钴金属化合物催化的环氧化合物和一氧化碳羰基化反应研究的新进展,涉及的反应类型主要包括羰基化扩环、羰基化开环共聚以及羰基化开环,讨论了不同类型反应的相关机理,并展望了该领域的研究前景.     

遥爪型液体天然橡胶的合成与表征

以天然橡胶(NR)为原料,经环氧化反应在NR分子链上引入环氧基制得环氧化天然橡胶(1);1经裂解反应合成了端羰基液体天然橡胶(2);对2进行改性得到端羟基液体天然橡胶(3),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。探讨了反应温度、时间、氧化剂用量和环氧化程度对2的黏均分子量(M珚η)的影响。结果表明,延长反应时间、升高温度和增加氧化剂用量均可有效降低2的M珚η;1的环氧化程度对2的M珚η具有决定性作用,可通过调节环氧化程度实现2的M珚η的可控性。     

聚合物冠醚的合成与性能——Ⅶ.梳形聚醚的合成及络合、催化性能

近年来通过非冠醚单体的聚合以合成聚合物冠醚,国内外都有一些新的进展.环氧化合物开环聚合时可得到具有乙撑氧链的聚醚,我们选用含环氧基团的化合物作为聚合单体,同时在环氧基团上又引入另外的乙撑氧链,经过开环聚合得到相应的梳形聚醚的主链和侧链都含有乙撑氧链,具有开链冠醚的结构特点,尚未见报道.     

采用ATRP合成天然橡胶接枝共聚物——Ⅰ. ATRP大分子引发剂的制备

通过环氧化反应在天然橡胶分子链上引入环氧基制得环氧化天然橡胶(2);利用环氧基的反应活性,2与2-溴-2-甲基丙酸发生开环反应合成了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)大分子引发剂——天然橡胶-g-(2-溴-2-甲基丙酸),其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.     

环氧烷化合物在有机合成中的应用

综述了近年来环氧烷化合物在有机合成中的应用。环氧烷化合物的开环反应可以用来合成其它方法难以合成的多官能团化合物，或通过开环和修饰合成其他环状化合物。另外，利用该反应还可以提供保护基以及立体、区域选择性地合成各种有机化合物。参考文献23篇。     

改性合成橡胶在轮胎工业中的应用

介绍了几种合成橡胶的改性在轮胎工业中的应用现状。为了提高轮胎的综合行驶性能 ,近年来国外开发出了性能良好的溶聚丁苯、Nd系顺丁、乙烯基顺丁、3,4-异戊胶、卤化丁基胶、苯乙烯 -异戊二烯 -丁二烯橡胶、星型支化丁基胶及溴化三元乙丙胶等一系列改性合成橡胶新品种     

Comparative study of natural rubber and acrylonitrile rubber reinforced with aligned short aramid fiber

The aims of this paper are three-fold. The first is to determine the reinforcement of high performance short aramid fiber in two representative rubber matrices, namely natural rubber and acrylonitrile rubber. The second is to ascertain the effect of rubber polarity on the reinforcement. The third is to establish a pattern of reinforcement for use with less studied fibers. The rubbers were reinforced either with only aramid fiber or with a hybrid of aramid fiber and carbon black. The fiber contents were varied at 0, 2, 5 and 10 parts (by weight) per hundred rubber (phr) while those of carbon black were 0, 10, 20 and 30 phr. Conventional sulfur vulcanization was used. It was found that aramid fiber can reinforce both rubbers in the low strain region effectively, although to a significantly different degree. The hybrid carbon black provides additional reinforcement at low to medium strains and allows high strain stress upturn to occur in both rubber matrices. The findings enable the preparation of rubber composites having a wide, controllable range of mechanical behavior for specific high-performance engineering applications. Significantly, they also serve as a benchmark for developing reinforced systems from alternative fibers, particularly those from natural sources.     

Preparation of high damping elastomer with broad temperature and frequency ranges based on ternary rubber blends

Based on the blends of chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR), a kind of high damping elastomer with broad temperature and frequency ranges is prepared. CIIR/NBR binary blend is prepared to take advantage of the immiscibility and the large difference in cross‐link density of the different phases caused by the curatives and accelerators migration. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the binary blend was immiscible and its loss factor (tanδ) versus temperature curves show two separated and expanded loss peaks when compared with those of pure cured CIIR and NBR. In order to improve its damping properties at room temperature, the third component CR with the polarity between CIIR and NBR was blended into the binary blend. The resulted CIIR/NBR/CR ternary blend has gained effective damping properties (tanδ > 0.3) in the temperature range of ?86.4 to 74.6°C and the frequency range of 10^?2 to more than 10⁹ Hz. Other effects on the damping properties of the ternary rubber were also studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Blending of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-diene Rubber: Promoting the Interfacial Adhesion Between Phases by Natural Rubber Latex

This article deals with blends based on natural rubber (NR) and recycled ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (R-EPDM). Natural rubber latex (NRL) was introduced into the blends to enhance interfacial adhesion between NR and R-EPDM. A new route of compounding was also suggested. The blends were prepared by mixing R-EPDM and other additives in NRL before blending with natural rubber on a two-roll mill. By applying this method, the homogeneity of the blends and cross-linking distribution are significantly improved. The blends exhibited superior state of cure, swelling resistance, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. The degree of entanglement between NR and R-EPDM also increased after NRL modification.     

A critical review on analytical methods and characterization of butyl and bromobutyl rubber

The molecular structure characterization of butyl and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) requires the definition of three main parameters: (I) the unsaturation degree of the rubbers, (II) the total bromine content of the BIIRs, and (III) the functional bromine content of the BIIRs. The analytical methods for the determination of the previously mentioned parameters have been described and critically examined in this review.     

异苯橡胶和环化异苯橡胶结构表征

异苯橡胶和环化异苯橡胶结构表征孙晓日，李大珍，余尚先（山东昌潍师范专科学校化学系山东潍坊２６１０１３）（北京师范大学化学系北京１００８７５）关键词异苯橡胶，环化异苯橡胶，结构异戊二烯与苯乙烯无规共聚或嵌段共聚得到异苯橡胶已有不少研究和报导￣［１，２］...     

Preparation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber using palladium acetate catalyst: Its characterization and kinetics

Hydrogenated nitrile rubber was prepared by using palladium acetate as the homogeneous catalyst system. The effect of different reaction parameters on the level of hydrogenation was studied. The extent of hydrogenation increased with increase in reaction time, temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration. A maximum conversion of 96% could be achieved. The degree of hydrogenation was estimated from IR and NMR spectroscopy. The selectivity of the catalyst in reducing ? C?C? in presence of ? C?N was supported by IR and ¹³C-NMR spectra. ESCA studies further confirmed this observation. Properties of hydrogenated nitrile rubber were investigated by various techniques such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), glass transition temperature (T_g), stress-strain behavior and rheological measurements. GPC studies showed no significant change in molecular weights of the products after the reaction. T_g value decreased with an increase in the level of hydrogenation. The ultimate stress improved significantly with the increase in the extent of hydrogenation. The die swell decreased with hydrogenation at a particular shear rate. The kinetics of the NBR hydrogenation were investigated. With the increase of the hydrogen pressure and catalyst concentration, the rate of the reaction increased. The reaction was apparently first order with respect to olefinic substrate at higher hydrogen pressure. The apparent activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the reaction were calculated as 29.9 kJ/mol, 27.42 kJ/mol, and –0.20 kJ mol^?1 K^?1, respectively.     

TBIR应用于航空胎侧胶的热氧老化性能

研究了反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶(TBIR)应用于航空轮胎胎侧胶[天然橡胶(NR)/顺丁橡胶(BR)/TBIR]的耐热氧老化性能. 结果表明, 与NR/BR硫化胶相比, 10~20份质量的TBIR取代BR后, NR/BR/TBIR硫化胶的交联密度明显提高, 压缩温升降低2.2~3.4 ℃, 耐屈挠疲劳性能提高约100%, 填料分散性改善, 填料团聚体体尺寸减小, 拉伸性能基本不变. 随热氧老化时间延长, 硫化胶的交联密度先增加后降低, 并用TBIR的硫化胶交联密度在老化48 h后趋于平缓. 与NR/BR相比, 老化后的NR/BR/TBIR硫化胶生热最低, 耐屈挠疲劳性最高.     

Hysteresis loss as a measure of metal–rubber adhesion

As in the case of reinforcing filler-induced increase in hysteresis in rubbers, placement of aluminum (A1) foil to the surface of a rubber blend of epichlorohydrin rubber and carboxylated nitrile base induces increased hysteresis of the rubber due to adhesion between Al and the rubber blend. Changes in hysteresis loss due to Al foil can be correlated with the peel strength of Al-rubber-Al joints. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

木质素增强丁苯橡胶复合材料研究

采用木材水解木质素为原料,均匀溶解在碱性溶液中,与天然橡胶复合形成互穿网络结构,再通过共沉淀法制得一种木质素/天然橡胶复合物。采用该复合物部分代替商用橡胶补强剂——白炭黑,通过三段混炼法对丁苯橡胶进行混炼。结果表明,这种木质素/天然橡胶复合物对丁苯橡胶具有一定的补强作用,其拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均得到一定改善;而热机械性能研究发现,该复合物部分代替白炭黑后,橡胶材料的滚动阻力及耐寒性均得到改善,但抗湿滑性能有一定程度下降。