分流法湿度发生器PLC控制系统的研制

采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)研制分流法湿度发生器的控制系统,提高了分流法湿度发生器在低湿度范围发生湿气的准确度。利用精密露点仪获得准确的露点值,并反馈控制分流法湿度发生器的各项控制参数,通过二次调节,湿度发生器可以输出湿度值更加准确的气体,发生湿气的露点最大允许误差为±0.5℃,重复性为0.15%(n=6),露点输出范围为–70~–10℃。该控制系统拓宽了分流法湿度发生器的应用范围,提高了湿度计量的工作效率。     

基于NI开发平台的三重四极杆质谱控制系统设计

三重四极杆质谱作为生物小分子分析与定量工具被广泛应用。该文基于NI开发平台,利用LabVIEW软件开发了一套质谱控制系统。该系统硬件由PXIe板卡及部分辅助电路组成,实现了气路控制、真空控制、温度控制、扫描电路控制等功能。其中气体流量控制精度为0. 1%,真空系统压力为10-3Pa,温度控制范围为0～850℃,温度控制精度为±0. 5℃。使用该控制系统测试环孢霉素A(Cyclosporine A,Cs A)标准样品,获得了Cs A样品质谱图,结果发现,质量数为1 202. 8 Da的离子峰半峰宽为0. 44 amu。该控制系统具有较好的通用性、可扩展性及维护性,采用面向对象的编程设计,使软硬件分离,降低了软件对硬件的依赖,可满足仪器的使用要求。     

氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质的研制

以高纯丙烯腈和高纯氮气为原料,采用称量法配制氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质。对配制的气体标准物质分别进行机械混匀试验、压力均匀性和时间稳定性试验。经F检验,2.00μmol/mol及5.00μmol/mol两种浓度的样品在0.5~10 MPa范围内标准值无显著变化,具有较好的压力均匀性;在–20℃和40℃条件下保存7 d,其量值无显著变化,可满足运输环节量值稳定;在常温下贮存9个月量值无显著变化,表明其稳定性良好,满足国家二级标准物质对有效期的要求。对定值结果的不确定度进行评定。配制的氮中丙烯腈气体标准物质标准值为(2~5)×10~(–6)mol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为9%(k=2)。该标准物质达到国家二级标准物质的相关技术要求,可用于对丙烯腈气体报警器的校准。     

全蒸发顶空-气相色谱-质谱法快速测定塑料玩具中的致敏性芳香剂

建立了全蒸发顶空-气相色谱-质谱技术(FEHS-GC-MS)快速检测ABS塑料玩具中54种致敏性芳香剂的方法。玩具样品经粉碎后采用丙酮溶解-甲醇沉淀的方式进行提取,以将芳香剂完全提取至溶液中,取上清液40μL加入顶空瓶,在优化的顶空条件下(平衡温度200℃,平衡时间6 min,辅助气压力80 kPa),芳香剂及溶剂全部蒸发转移至气态,并在6 min内形成动态平衡,然后将定量环中1 mL气体引入至GC-MS检测。通过DB-35MS色谱柱分离,外标法定量。结果表明,塑料基质由于沉积在瓶底,未对检测结果产生明显干扰。本方法对于不同物质的定量限(LOQ)为0.5~15 mg/kg,在线性范围0.5~750 mg/kg内相关系数大于0.9987。3个浓度添加水平的回收率在81.0%~135.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.7%~16.8%。采用本方法对20个玩具实际样品进行了检测。本方法操作简便、快速、准确、成本低,可为塑料样品中挥发物及半挥发物的快速检测提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法测定菌肥中赤霉素和吲哚乙酸含量方法研究

建立了一种高效液相色谱法分离测定赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的方法.采用Agilent ZORBA×300SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,以甲醇∶水=35∶65,(V/V,含2%冰醋酸)为流动相,柱温为25℃,流速为0.5 mL/min.系统讨论了流动相组成及pH对分离的影响.本法测定GA3和IAA的线性范围分别为25.0~1 000μg/mL、2.5~50.0μg/mL.方法回收率分别为85.63%、90.21%.并将该方法成功应用于菌肥中GA3和IAA的含量测定,为该类产品的质量控制提供了快速有效的方法.     

高气压氮气介质阻挡放电激发态氮的实验研究

本文通过等离子体发射光谱研究了高气压介质阻挡放电中压力对于激发态氮的影响。其中压力变化范围是0.1MPa到0.5MPa,不同能级的N_2(C~3Π_u)是典型的活性物质。实验结果显示,随着实验气压增加,等离子体主体活性物质数密度从7×10~(15)cm~(-3)降至1×10~(15)cm~(-3)。电子温度随着气压的增加从5eV降至3eV。电子数密度和气压的关系较为复杂,会受到中性分子和电子温度的影响。氮分子激发过程速率常数则随着压力增加近似线性减少,从6×10~(-16)m~3/s降至3×10~(-16)m~3/s。实验结果显示,介质阻挡放电气压增加会显著减少活性物质数量、电子温度,同时近似线性减少氮分子激发过程速率常数。     

高效液相色谱法测定卡格列净中葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯的含量

提出了高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器法(HPLC-CAD)测定卡格列净中葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)的含量。优化的色谱条件如下:Thermo Hypersil Gold Aq色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(9+1)混合溶液,流量0.5mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃,进样量10μL;电雾式检测器(CAD)的雾化温度为50℃,载气压力427.5kPa。在上述的色谱条件下,GDL的线性范围为1.05~22.5mg·L~(-1),GDL的检出限(3S/N)为0.32ng。在3个浓度水平上进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在96.2%~103%之间。供试品加标溶液和对照品溶液在室温条件下放置12h内稳定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为1.8%,1.3%。     

松弛法动力学与热力学的一致性讨论

对于快速反应的动力学,我们通常用如下三种方法来讨论:改进经典法、流动法和松弛法。其中最有效的是松弛法,此方法可将时间范围缩至10~(-9)s。将处于平衡态的反应体系施加一微扰(如突然改变温度、压力和电场强度等因素),使平衡遭到破坏,此时虽然各物质浓度未变但平衡位置发生了变化,则体系必向新     

高气压氮气介质阻挡放电激发态氮的实验研究（英文）

本文通过等离子体发射光谱研究了高气压介质阻挡放电中压力对于激发态氮的影响。其中压力变化范围是0.1MPa到0.5MPa,不同能级的N_2(C~3Π_u)是典型的活性物质。实验结果显示,随着实验气压增加,等离子体主体活性物质数密度从7×10~(15)cm~(-3)降至1×10~(15)cm~(-3)。电子温度随着气压的增加从5eV降至3eV。电子数密度和气压的关系较为复杂,会受到中性分子和电子温度的影响。氮分子激发过程速率常数则随着压力增加近似线性减少,从6×10~(-16)m~3/s降至3×10~(-16)m~3/s。实验结果显示,介质阻挡放电气压增加会显著减少活性物质数量、电子温度,同时近似线性减少氮分子激发过程速率常数。     

在线富集毛细管区带电泳分离测定氯胺酮与去甲氯胺酮

采用场放大样品堆积进样技术与毛细管区带电泳相结合,在优化了进样与分离检测条件后,建立了一种检测氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮的毛细管区带电泳方法。方法于进样前先在3447.38 Pa压力下进10 s的纯水,然后在同样压力下进样5s,再以含15%(V/V)乙腈的45 mmol/L Na2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲溶液(p H 6.24)为运行电解质进行分离。在此条件下,氯胺酮和去甲氯胺酮可在6min内被快速检测,检测的线性范围分别为0.5~60.0μg/m L和0.25~25.0μg/m L。将该方法用于加标尿液和血液样品中这两种成分的分离分析,回收率在90%~110%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.