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1,3-偶极及其负离子的环加成反应曾得到较为深入的研究。Grigg等报道用α-苯亚甲氨基羧酸酯与多种亲偶极物在加热或在碱存在的条件下反应,得到了相应的环加成及Micheal加成产物。作者用α-苯亚甲氨基苯甲基膦酸酯(1)与几种亲偶极物进行热及碱催化反应得到含磷酰基与不含磷酰基的加成产物2-6。 相似文献
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采用超声波辐射使2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶酮(俗称三丙酮胺)和己二胺在室温条件下发生亲核加成反应,加成产物经减压蒸馏脱除水分子生成西佛碱,收率达75%;然后,在55~80℃、1.9~2.0 MPa条件下,以W-7型或-4型骨架镍作催化剂,对该西佛碱氢化,得到N,N'-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6己二胺. 相似文献
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用α-苯亚甲氨基苯甲基膦酸酯与几种亲偶极物进行热及碱催化反应得到含磷酰基与不含磷酰基的加成产物,描述了产品的合成方法和立体化学测定,根据立体化学分析结果,可以认为反应是通过环加成的途径进行的. 相似文献
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丁二烯可通过1,4加成或1,2加成进行聚合.1,4加成可能生成顺-1,4链节,也可能生成反-1,4链节;1,2加成则可能形成全同立构或间同立构的聚合物.一般游离基或离子型聚合的产物多半为包含各种链节的无规聚合物(见表1).例如用钠或钾聚合的 相似文献
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1,2-联烯亚砜和1,2-联烯砜是重要的含硫联烯化合物.综述了1,2-联烯亚砜和1,2-联烯砜的亲核加成、亲电加成、Diels-Alder反应、1,3-偶极加成、[2+2]环加成等反应以及在天然产物中的应用. 相似文献
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详细研究了对苯醌-2,5-二羧酸酯与环戊二烯衍生物的Diels-Alder反应, 所得Diels-Alder加成物经光环化便得到预期的C~s-三高立方烷衍生物. 但加成物6的光环化则给出Paterno-Buchi加成产物7. 相似文献
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The sulfinatodehalogenation reaction of α,α-difluorobenzyl halides, ArCF2X ( Ar = C6F5, C6H5; X = Br, I ), with sodium dithionite took place readily in aqueous acetonitrile under mild conditions, giving the corresponding sodium sulfinate. The 1:1 adducts were obtained when alkenes were added to the reaction system in some cases. 相似文献
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常温常压下光促进烯烃与一氧化碳的羰基化反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
报道了烯烃(环己烯和1-辛烯)与一氧化碳通过光促进实现常温常压非贵金属(钴配合物)催化的羰基化反应.研究发现,以Co(OAc)2为催化剂时,不需要加入光敏剂丙酮就能发生反应;CoSalen,吡啶-2-羧酸钴和大环配合物[Co(14)4,11-diene-N4]I2是较好的催化剂,其催化活性比Co(OAc)2高.其中,吡啶-2-羧酸钴与Co(OAc)2相同,反应中不需要光敏剂存在,其选择性很高.通过氘代丙酮和氘代甲醇同位素实验,进一步证实了反应中双键异构的存在和副产物的分析结果. 相似文献
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The mechanism of the CH4/O2 to syngas reaction has been investigated by FT-IR over a 2.9%(wt)Ni/Al2O3. IR spectra of adsorption of CH4 indicate that chemisorbed O atoms can react selectively with active carbon species (arising from CH4 decomposition) to give CO. IR spectra of adsorption of CH4/O2(2:1 mole ratio) mixture show that CO2 and H2O are the detectable products with no CO, revealing that the reforming of remaining CH4 would not take place. We propose that CO and H2 are primary products in this reaction. 相似文献
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烟酸钠Na(C6H4NO2)(s)的低温热容和热化学 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
选择分析纯烟酸和无水醋酸钠作为反应物, 用室温固相合成方法合成了无水烟酸钠. 利用FTIR和X射线粉末衍射等方法进行了表征, 利用化学分析和元素分析确定其组成为Na(C6H4NO2). 用精密自动绝热热量计测量其在78~400 K温度区间的低温热容. 研究结果表明, 该化合物在此温度区间无热异常现象发生. 用最小二乘法将实验摩尔热容对温度进行拟合, 得到热容随温度变化的多项式方程. 用此方程进行数值积分, 得到在此温度区间每隔5 K的舒平热容值和相对于298.15 K时的热力学函数值. 在此基础上, 通过设计合理的热化学循环, 选用1 mol/L NaOH溶液作为量热溶剂, 利用等温环境溶解-反应热量计分别测得固相反应的反应物和产物在所选溶剂中的溶解焓, 得到固相反应的反应焓. 最后, 计算出无水烟酸钠的标准摩尔生成焓为: ΔfHm0[Na(C6H4NO2), s]=-(548.96±1.11) kJ/mol. 相似文献
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Quantum mechanical calculations at the MP4 (SDQ) level using the BP86‐optimized geometries were carried out to investigate the energies and reaction mechanism for the propene (CH3 C1H CH$^{\mathrm{2}}_{\mathrm{2}}$) insertion reaction into the Rh H bond, using the cis‐HRh(CO)(PH3)2 compound as a model catalytic species. Since the reaction may occur on the branched carbon 1 or in the normal carbon 2 , which leads to branched and normal Rh(alkyl) compounds, respectively, we investigated these two mechanisms. The results show that the insertion in the branched carbon has an activation energy of 16.2 kcal/mol, and the activation energy for the reaction to take place at the normal carbon is 14.3 kcal/mol. These activation energies, together with the calculated relative energy of the metal–alkyl compounds formed after the insertion considering these two pathways, were used to access the regioselectivity on this reaction. We found a ratio of normal‐ and iso‐products, n:iso, of (96:4), which is in excellent agreement with the experimental regioselectity of (95:5). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 78: 42–51, 2000 相似文献
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Semialjac M Schröder D Schwarz H 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(18):4396-4404
Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) studies of neutral (1) and ionized (1 (+.)) valeramide are performed with the aim of providing a rationalization for the unusual temperature effect on the dissociation pattern of 1(+.) observed in mass spectrometric experiments. According to CPMD simulations of neutral valeramide 1 performed at approximately 500 K, the conformation with the fully relaxed carbon backbone predominates (96 %). Conformational changes involving folding of the carbon backbone into conformers that would allow intramolecular H transfers are predicted not to take place spontaneously at this temperature because of the barrier heights associated with these transitions (3.5 and 6.9 kcal mol(-1)), which cannot be overcome by thermal motion alone. For 1(+.), CPMD simulations performed at approximately 300 K reveal a substantial stability of a conformation in which the carbon backbone is fully relaxed; no reaction is observed even after 7 ps. However, when conformers with already folded carbon-backbones are used as initial geometries in the CPMD simulations, the gamma-hydrogen migration (McLafferty rearrangement resulting in C(3)H(6)) is already completed within 2 ps. For this important process, the free activation energy associated with both a required conformational change and the subsequent H transfer equals 4.5 kcal mol(-1), while for the formally related delta-H shift (which eventually gives rise to the elimination of C(2)H(4)/C(2)H(5.)) it amounts to 7.0 kcal mol(-1). Since the barriers associated with conformational changes are energetically more demanding than those of the corresponding hydrogen transfers, 1(+.) is essentially trapped by conformational barriers and long-lived at approximately 300 K. At elevated temperatures (500 K), the preferred reaction (within 7.3 ps) in the CPMD simulation corresponds to the McLafferty rearrangement. The estimated free activation energy associated with this process amounts to 2.5 kcal mol(-1), while the free activation energy for the delta-H transfer equals 4.4 kcal mol(-1). This relatively small free activation energy for the McLafferty rearrangement might cause dissociation of a substantial fraction of 1(+.) prior to the time-delayed mass selection, which would reduce the C3/C2 ratio in the experiments conducted with metastable ions that have a lifetime in the order of some micros at a source temperature of 500 K. 相似文献
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Gupta Kalyan K. Sen Bera Ashok K. Bhattacharjee Nandini Ghosh Sakti Prosad 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1998,23(2):169-173
The kinetics of oxidation of three alpha beta-unsaturated compounds, CH2CHX (X=CN, CONH2 and CO2-) by bis(dihydrogentellurato)metallate(III)
ions ([MIII-(H2TeO6)2]5-, M=Cu or Ag) have been studied in an alkaline medium. The reactions take place according to the rate
expression:
The k3 values are 2.42*10-2, 1.67*10-2 and 1.10*10-2mol6dm-2s-1 for oxidations of the respective substrate by the copper(III)
complex and 1.49*10-2, 1.07*10-2 and 0.80*10-2mol6dm-2s-1, respectively, in the oxidations by silver(III), all at 303K. [CuIII(H2TeO6)2]5-
reacts faster than the corresponding reactions with [AgIII(H2TeO6)2]5-. The oxidation rates follow the order: CN CONH2CO2-.
The oxidations of the substrates by [CuIII(H2TeO6)2]5- take place by an outer-sphere mechanism, unlike [AgIII-(H2TeO6)2]5-,
which reacts by an inner-sphere mechanism. The substrates are oxidized to diols under kinetic control and a tentative reaction
mechanism leading to the formation of oxidation products is suggested. The activation parameters of the reactions have been
evaluated.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Treatment, removal and recovery of lead (3 mg/L) from battery industry wastewaters have been investigated utilising a chemical precipitation process with soluble starch xanthate (SX) at pH 5-6. A reactant ratio, i.e., SX/Pb(II) = 6 mol/mol, a reaction time of 15 min., the addition of 15 mg/L of a cationic polyelectrolyte and a final filtration gave residual lead concentrations in the liquid phase less than 0.2 mg/L, well below the maximum limit established by the EU Directive. Lead was extracted from the obtained sludge by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide solutions. The amounts of oxidant needed were quantified as 13.5 mol NaClO/mol Pb and one order of magnitude larger, for H2O2, the latter due to the competitive disproportion reaction of the oxidant. The metal extraction was quantitative using sodium hypochlorite; when hydrogen peroxide was used, the formation of insoluble PbSO4 (Anglesite) gave a 80% metal extraction. In both cases molar ratios between sulphate and lead ions in the extracted solutions were in the range 2.1-2.2, in agreement with the stoichiometries of the reactions. Lead can be quantitatively recovered from the extracted (NaClO) solutions, for reuse, after a chemical precipitation process with 1M NaOH at pH 9-9.5, in the form of hydrocerussite [Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2]. 相似文献