预处理条件对一步法合成吲哚用Ag/SiO2催化剂活性的影响

 以简单浸渍法制备的Ag/SiO2催化剂对苯胺和乙二醇一步法合成吲哚具有很高的催化活性. 研究了预处理条件对催化剂活性的影响. 结果表明,采用程序升温法将催化剂前体在500 ℃焙烧4 h,并在低于150 ℃时用H2-N2混合气(H2含量低于50%)原位还原得到的Ag/SiO2催化剂活性较高; TEM和XRD结果表明,预处理后催化剂表面银晶粒较小,结晶度较低.     

Ni基乙烷脱氢催化剂的性能及其改进

过渡金属Ni是地球上储量丰富的金属元素, 在加氢脱硫、重整制氢等催化领域应用非常广泛, 但是关于Ni基催化剂在烷烃脱氢方面的研究较少; 因此, 本工作采用不同的方法, 制备了三种结构的Ni基负载催化剂, 即尖晶石分解型、浸渍型和钙钛矿析出型, 并在700 ℃、C₂H₆-N₂气氛中和50 mL•min^-1气体流速下, 探索了它们的乙烷脱氢性能. 结果表明: 尖晶石分解型催化剂Ni_1-xCu_xCr₂O₄还原后在Cr₂O₃表面形成Ni-Cu合金颗粒, 能有效钝化Ni的C—C键断裂活性, 提高乙烯的选择性. Ni含量过高时, Ni不能有效地分散而形成大的金属团簇, 造成乙烷过度裂解, 乙烯选择性较低. 浸渍负载型催化剂Ni_xM_y/Al₂O₃ (M为Cu或Ag) 比表面积大, 表面活性位点分散, 但活性金属与载体结合力弱, 在高温下不稳定; Cu或Ag与Ni形成合金, 可有效提高乙烯选择性, Ag较Cu的效果更佳. 钙钛矿析出型催化剂LaCr_1-xNi_xO₃(LCNi-100x)在还原气氛中析出均匀细小的Ni颗粒, 其与基体结合力强, 抗积碳性能和稳定性较高; 含15% Ni的LCNi-15还原后(R-LCNi-15)表现出最好的催化性能, 乙烯产率最高(24%), 同时具有较好的抗积碳性能和稳定性以及氧化再生性.     

CO2重整CH4纳米ZrO2负载Ni催化剂的研究(Ⅱ)──催化剂组成与反应条件对催化剂性能的影响

研究了粒径为15～18nm的纳米ZrO₂-AS负载Ni催化剂对CO₂重整CH₄制合成气的催化性能,结果表明,Ni/ZrO₂-AS催化剂对重整反应的超常稳定催化作用不受Ni含量的影响,但当Ni质量分数低于10%时,催化剂活性随Ni含量增加而显著上升,此后,CH₄和CO₂的转化逐渐接近其热力学平衡值.高空速虽然降低了反应物的转化率,但可得到更高的时空产率.各种表征数据揭示,Ni/ZrO₂在结构上有别于传统的负载型催化剂,可看成是由尺寸相当(10～20nm)的纳米金属Ni和纳米ZrO₂形成的纳米复合物催化剂.     

磷化镍/介孔TiO_2催化剂的制备及其催化加氢脱硫性能

以介孔TiO2(m-TiO2)为载体,采用程序升温还原法制备了Ni2P/m-TiO2催化剂,考察了不同起始Ni/P摩尔比及活性组分负载量对该催化剂结构及其催化加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响.结果表明,当Ni/P摩尔比为1.25时,活性组分以Ni2P为主,催化剂的最佳Ni负载量为10%.采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附、场发射扫描电镜和程序升温还原等技术表征了m-TiO2及其它不同载体负载的Ni2P催化剂.结果表明,高结晶度m-TiO2载体使Ni和P物种的还原温度大幅度降低,在450～600oC还原制得的Ni2P/m-TiO2催化剂的结构参数基本一致,比表面积均为90m2/g左右,具有很高的热稳定性和对二苯并噻吩的HDS催化性能.在相同的反应条件下,m-TiO2负载的Ni2P催化剂HDS性能最好,各载体负载的Ni2P催化剂活性大小顺序为Ni2P/m-TiO2Ni2P/SiO2Ni2P/P25.     

高活性Ni/HY催化剂加氢催化合成苯胺类化合物的研究

采用浸渍沉淀法制备Ni/HY催化剂,用BET、XRD、TEM、TPR等方法对其进行表征,并将其应用于硝基化合物液相加氢合成苯胺类化合物反应中.结果表明,Ni/HY催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在温和的反应条件下,反应0.5 h后,硝基化合物的转化率和苯胺类化合物的选择性均高达99.0%以上.该催化剂能储存于150℃以下的空气气氛中,活性组分分散度高,且具有良好的磁分离性能.     

Preparation and Hydrodesulfurization Performance of Ni-B Amorphous Alloy Catalyst Supported by APTS Modified SBA-15

采用共价接枝法制备APTS改性介孔分子筛SBA-15,将氨基官能团接枝到SBA-15表面.并采用化学还原法制备了Ni-B/SBA-15-APTS非晶态合金催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,研究了其催化加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,240℃时,APTS改性SBA-15所负载的Ni-B催化剂噻吩转化率达到50.8%,较未改性SBA-15所负载的催化剂噻吩转化率有显著地提高.由于氨基与Ni2＋的配合作用,有助于Ni在催化剂中的分散,因而更容易被还原.ICP结果表明,在相同的制备条件下,相比未改性的SBA-15,APTS改性SBA-15使其催化剂中Ni的负载量增加,并且非晶态合金组成中Ni的含量也增大,B的含量降低,有利于提高催化剂的活性.     

APTS改性SBA-15负载Ni-B非晶态合金催化加氢脱硫性能的研究

采用共价接枝法制备APTS改性介孔分子筛SBA-15,将氨基官能团接枝到SBA-15表面.并采用化学还原法制备了Ni-B/SBA-15-APTS非晶态合金催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,研究了其催化加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,240℃时,APTS改性SBA-15所负载的Ni-B催化剂噻吩转化率达到50.8%,较未改性SBA-15所负载的催化剂噻吩转化率有显著地提高.由于氨基与Ni2+的配合作用,有助于Ni在催化剂中的分散,因而更容易被还原.ICP结果表明,在相同的制备条件下,相比未改性的SBA-15,APTS改性SBA-15使其催化剂中Ni的负载量增加,并且非晶态合金组成中Ni的含量也增大,B的含量降低,有利于提高催化剂的活性.     

负载型镍基非晶态催化剂催化氯代硝基苯加氢合成氯代苯胺

分别以碳纳米管(CNTs), SiO_2, TiO_2, γ-Al_2O_3, TiO_2-SiO_2和活性炭(AC)为载体(M),以Ni和B为活性组分,采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了一系列负载型Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂(Ni-B/M).采用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP), XRD, TEM和DSC研究了Ni-B/CNTs的非晶性质,Ni的担载量及其热稳定性.将Ni-B/M用于催化三种氯代硝基苯液相加氢合成氯代苯胺的反应.结果表明,Ni-B/M在反应中表现出较高的活性和良好的选择性,其中Ni-B/CNTs可使三种氯代硝基苯的转化率均高于99.8%,加氢脱氯率小于3%.讨论了CNTs和Ni-B之间的相互作用对催化剂性能的影响.     

ZrO2晶型对Ni/ZrO2催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了四方相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)和单斜相ZrO2(m-ZrO2)负载的Ni含量为10%的催化剂,在连续流动微反装置上考察了Ni/m-ZrO2以及不同温度焙烧Ni/t-ZrO2催化剂的CO甲烷化催化活性.采用N2物理吸附-脱附、H2-TPR、XRD、CO-TPSR及原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在CO体积分数为1%,空速为20 000 h-1,常压的反应条件下,当CO转化率为50%时,Ni/m-ZrO2-673和Ni/t-ZrO2-673催化剂的反应温度分别为445 K和488 K,Ni/m-ZrO2-673催化剂的CO甲烷化活性远高于Ni/t-ZrO2-673催化剂.随焙烧温度的升高,Ni/t-ZrO2催化剂的CO甲烷化活性评价显著升高,产生这一现象的原因是在高温焙烧过程中Ni/t-ZrO2催化剂表面的t-ZrO2已转化为m-ZrO2,以m-ZrO2为载体的催化剂因m-ZrO2表面具有较多的配位不饱和O2-碱性中心和配位不饱和Zr4+-O2-位点而表现出高的CO甲烷化活性.     

负载Ni催化剂用于乙二醇蒸汽重整制氢催化性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了Ni催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了Ni负载量、焙烧温度、反应温度等因素对乙二醇低温重整制氢反应活性和选择性的影响。应用X射线衍射、氮物理吸附、H₂程序升温还原等技术对负载型Ni催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,共沉淀法制备的Ni/CeO₂催化剂具有较小的NiO颗粒与CeO₂载体颗粒粒径,催化活性较高。添加少量氧化钴到Ni/CeO₂催化剂中可使H₂收率达72.6%,EG转化率达93.1%。在CeO₂中添加Al₂O₃能提高负载Ni催化剂的活性,乙二醇转化率达94.0%,H₂收率达67.0%;但添加SiO₂则使其活性明显变差。     

负载型双金属催化剂的制备及其等离子体催化氨分解制氢性能

利用等体积浸渍法制备了Fe-Co、Fe-Ni、Mo-Co、Mo-Ni双金属催化剂(总金属含量均为10%(w,质量分数),双金属摩尔比均为1:1),考察了其在等离子体条件下氨分解活性,结果表明Fe-Ni双金属催化剂表现出较好的协同作用。在此基础上,进一步考察了Fe/Ni摩尔比对其活性的影响。结果表明:当Fe/Ni摩尔比为6/4时,氨分解活性最好,而且该双金属催化剂稳定性良好。采用N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、H_2-程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对催化剂的物化性质、还原性能、微观形貌等进行了研究。结果表明:活性较好的Fe-Ni双金属催化剂中,Fe与Ni形成尖晶石结构NiFe_2O_4,该结构有利于Fe和Ni的还原,即活性组分易恢复金属态,这可能是其活性较高的原因。     

Surface properties of Ni-Pt/SiO2 catalysts for N2O decomposition and reduction by H2

The surface properties of bimetallic Ni-Pt/SiO2 catalysts with variable Ni/Ni + Pt atomic ratio (0.75, 0.50, and 0.25) were studied using N2O decomposition and N2O reduction by hydrogen reactions as probes. Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of the silica support with aqueous solutions of the metal precursors to a total metal loading of 2 wt %. For both model reactions, Pt/SiO2 catalyst was substantially more active than Ni/SiO2 catalyst. Mean particle size by TEM was about the same (in the range 6-8 nm) for all catalysts and truly bimetallic particles (more than 95%) were evidenced by EDS in the Ni-Pt/SiO2 catalysts. CO adsorption on the bimetallic catalysts showed differences in the linear CO absorption band as a function of the Ni/Pt atomic ratio. Bimetallic Ni-Pt/SiO2 catalysts showed, for the N2O decomposition, a catalytic behavior that points out an ensemble-size sensitive behavior for Ni-rich compositions. For the N2O + H2 reaction, the bimetallic catalysts were very active at low temperature. The following activity order at 300 K was observed: Ni75Pt25 > Ni25Pt75 approximately Ni50Pt50 > Pt. TOF values for these catalysts increased 2-5 times compared to the most active reference catalyst (Pt/SiO2). The enhancement of the activity in the Ni75Pt25 bimetallic catalysts is explained in terms of the presence of mixed Ni-Pt ensembles.     

Interaction between Pd and Ag on the surface of silica

Palladium, silver and palladium–silver catalysts supported on silica were prepared by coimpregnation of support with solution of AgNO₃ and Pd(NO₃)₂. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), time of flight ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), chemisorption of carbon monoxide and were tested in the reaction of selective oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid.

XRD and TPR studies have shown that an interaction between Pd and Ag on the surface of silica after oxidation at 500 °C and reduction at 260 °C leads to the formation of solid solutions.

ToF-SIMS images of the surface of 5% Ag/SiO₂ catalyst after oxidation at 500 °C and reduction at 260 °C show that Ag atoms supported on silica are not distributed homogenously but tend to form regions of enhanced Ag concentration. Positive ions images of the surface of 5% Pd/SiO₂ catalyst also display regions of enhanced concentration of Pd atoms, but they are more homogenously distributed on silica.

ToF-SIMS peak intensity ratio ¹⁰⁸Pd⁺/¹⁰⁷Ag⁺ for bimetallic 5% Pd–5% Ag/SiO₂ catalysts has a lower value than that obtained for physical mixture 5% Pd/SiO₂–5% Ag/SiO₂ which indicates that the surface of bimetallic catalyst is enriched with silver atoms.     

Study of Ni-Ag/SiO2 catalysts prepared by reduction in aqueous hydrazine

We have studied bimetallic Ni-Ag (Ni + Ag = 1 wt%) catalysts supported on crystallized silica and prepared by aqueous chemical reduction with hydrazine at 353 K. Two protocols of reduction were used. Prepared catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, STEM, H2 chemisorption and H2-TPD. Their catalytic activity was studied in the gas-phase hydrogenation of benzene. The most important feature of the results obtained is the synergistic effect between Ni and Ag which led to improvement of dispersion and reactivity of nickel in the presence silver for precipitated catalysts. Silver is inactive in the test-reaction. Precipitated bimetallic catalysts give rise to total conversion from 373 K, a temperature at which conversion hardly reaches 30% for the impregnated catalysts. Dispersion and activity pass through a maximum of monotonically decrease with precipitated and impregnated catalysts, respectively. Deactivation was observed for bimetallic catalysts, particularly with precipitated samples. These results could be explained by the mechanism of metal reduction in the hydrazine media. As a result, various Ni-Ag species formed where Ni and Ag phases were separated clusters or interacted as heteroatomic groupings on the carrier surface. These grouping would be responsible of the high performances of the precipitated catalysts.     

In对Ni/SiO2催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响:苯环加氢及 C-C键氢解的抑制作用

由可再生木质素基生物质油加氢脱氧制三苯(苯、甲苯及二甲苯)及燃油可减少对化石能源依赖、缓解环境问题,加氢脱氧催化剂的研究开发为众多学者密切关注.我们以低成本金属Ni为加氢脱氧活性组分,采用金属In对金属Ni催化剂进行改性,旨在增加以苯甲醚为模型反应物加氢脱氧中的三苯收率、降低金属Ni的C-C键氢解及甲烷化活性,提高反应过程中碳收率、降低耗氢量.采用等体积浸渍-程序升温还原法制备了Ni/SiO2及Ni-In/SiO2催化剂,研究了Ni/In比及Ni含量对In改性Ni/SiO2催化剂结构和苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响,利用H2-TPR,H2化学吸附,XRD,NH3-TPD,XPS,TEM及N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征,采用石英管固定床反应器在300°C、常压、H2/苯甲醚摩尔比25及苯甲醚重时空速0.4 h-1的反应条件下考察了催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能,分析了催化剂结构与性能之间的关系.H2-TPR结果显示,金属In的加入抑制了催化剂前驱体中Ni物种的还原.XRD,H2化学吸附,HAADF-STEM-EDS及XPS等结果表明,经450°C还原制备的Ni-In/SiO2双金属催化剂中Ni和In接触紧密.In的加入明显降低了催化剂表面金属Ni的活性位数量;并且,Ni/In比越低Ni-In/SiO2催化剂H2化学吸附量越小.XPS结果还显示,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂中存在金属In向Ni转移电子.上述结果说明,在Ni-In/SiO2催化剂中金属Ni与In存在较强的相互作用.在苯甲醚加氢脱氧反应中,与Ni/SiO2催化剂相比,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂虽因表面Ni密度较低而具有较低苯甲醚转化率,但其苯环加氢、C-C键氢解及CO甲烷化活性较低,因而具有较高的三苯及环己烷选择性;并且,随Ni/In比的降低(即In含量的增加),Ni-In/SiO2催化剂的加氢、氢解及甲烷化能力呈减弱趋势.随Ni质量含量提高,Ni-In/SiO2双金属催化剂上苯甲醚转化率提高,但对三苯选择性及C-C键氢解能力影响不明显.经分析认为,与Ni/SiO2相比,Ni-In/SiO2催化剂较低的苯加氢及C-C键氢解活性与In对表面连续Ni位隔离作用及金属镍位电子云密度提高有关.在优化的反应条件下,Ni质量含量为40%、Ni/In比为40的Ni-In/SiO2催化剂上三苯收率为60.4%,高于相同Ni质量含量Ni/SiO2催化剂上三苯收率(51.6%).     

Ni-Fe-Al-O双金属催化剂在生物质基2-羟基四氢吡喃还原胺化合成5-氨基-1-戊醇中的性能研究北大核心CSCD

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Fe/Ni摩尔比(0、0.125、0.25、0.5和0.75)的Al_(2)O_(3)负载型NiFe单、双金属催化剂,并考察了它们在生物糠醛衍生2-羟基四氢吡喃(2-HTHP)还原胺化合成高附加值5-氨基戊醇反应中的催化性能.研究发现当Fe/Ni摩尔比为0.25时表现出最高的5-氨基戊醇收率(在80℃和2 MPa优化条件下达90%).利用N_(2)吸脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、透射电镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明适量Fe的掺入可以提高催化剂的分散性和还原性,同时在还原活化催化剂中形成Ni-Fe合金相,继而使相应催化剂表现出更优异的催化活性.通过固定床对比考察了催化剂的稳定性,NiFe(0.25)-Al-O双金属催化剂表现出明显优于NiFe(0)-Al-O单金属催化剂的稳定性,运行120 h前者只有微弱失活而后者显著失活.对比反应后催化剂表征发现,金属Fe的修饰可以有效抑制金属活性颗粒的烧结和流失,从而显著提高其反应稳定性.     

Copolymerization of ethylene and propylene catalyzed by magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts

Magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts with di-i-butyl phthalate as internal donor for copolymerization of ethylene and propylene were prepared.The effects of reaction temperature, ethylene/propylene molar ratio,aluminium/vanadium（Al/V）molar ratio and titanium/vanadium molar ratio on the catalytic activity were investigated.The molecular weight,molecular weight distribution,sequence composition and crystallinity of the products were measured by gel permeation chromatography,¹³C-NMR and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively.In comparison to the vanadium and titanium catalysts,the bimetallic catalyst showed higher catalytic activity and better copolymerization performance.The obtained ethylene/propylene copolymers have high molecular weight （10⁵）,broad molecular weight distribution,high propylene content with random or short blocked sequence structures （r_Er_P=1.919）,low melting temperatures and low crystallinities（X_c<20%）.     

SARS冠状病毒E蛋白的结构研究及功能预测

结合生物信息学方法及分子模拟手段,选择较高准确度的方法,预测了SARSE蛋白的分子结构并探讨其潜在的生物学活性和功能.研究结果表明,SARSE蛋白跨膜区25个疏水的氨基酸形成α-螺旋结构,包埋于病毒外壳磷脂双分子层中;N端10个氨基酸残基位于膜外;C端41个残基则附着于磷脂双分子膜内侧.同时发现,C端由9个氨基酸组成的劈裂是一个可能的活性部位.对分子进行进一步静电势分析证实,E蛋白C端可能的活性部位具有较大的静电势,可能的活性残基具有最大电荷密度,故有较强的结合受体或与其它蛋白相互作用的能力.     

聚合物固载Ni-Ag双金属催化剂Ⅰ．XPS，XRD和磁测定表征

聚合物固载Ｎｉ┐Ａｇ双金属催化剂Ⅰ．ＸＰＳ，ＸＲＤ和磁测定表征吴世华朱常英王连邦张松祯（南开大学化学系，天津３０００７１）关键词溶剂化金属原子，镍，银，双金属催化剂，聚合物，负载型催化剂近年来，聚合物负载催化剂的研究受到重视，但由于一般聚合物载体的热...     

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于硝基苯液相加氢制苯胺

 考察了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂在高压液相硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应中的催化活性和选择性．研究表明,该催化剂不仅具有很高的催化活性,而且对苯胺的选择性较高,优于RaneyNi以及其它Ni基催化剂．晶化导致催化剂失活．载体的存在不仅能提高催化剂的分散度,而且能对非晶态结构起稳定化作用;将催化剂保存在乙醇中可保持其活性不变．结合催化剂的表征,讨论了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂的催化性能与其结构的关系．