电喷雾-离子阱-飞行时间质谱联用研究黄酮和异黄酮苷元C环上的裂解规律

采用电喷雾-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱在负离子模式下分析了4个黄酮苷元和6个异黄酮苷元的质谱数据, 并总结了两类化合物C环上的裂解规律. 黄酮化合物C环以Rretro-Diels-Alder(RDA)裂解断裂为主, 形成A1,3-离子且相对丰度较高; 而异黄酮化合物C环断裂以碳0和碳3键的断裂为主, 形成B0,3-离子, 且相对丰度较高. 说明黄酮化合物的交叉共轭体系和异黄酮的非交叉共轭体系对C环的裂解影响较大, 而且黄酮化合物的B环和异黄酮化合物的A, B环上取代基的类型和位置对生成碎片离子的稳定性也有影响, 导致生成的碎片离子类型及其相对丰度不同, 根据其质谱数据(包括碎片离子的质荷比和相对离子丰度)可以推测黄酮类化合物的结构类型和取代状况, 为快速鉴定黄酮化合物和异黄酮化合物结构奠定了基础.     

环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法(ESI-MS)对10种环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的质谱特征进行了研究, 获得了其结构碎片信息, 对其质谱裂解途径进行了解析. 结果表明, 在正离子检测方式下可以得到强的准分子离子峰[M-Cl]+簇, 它们的(+) ESI-MSn(n=1~3)质谱主要产生碳-膦键断裂的碎片, 同时也能观察到Pd—P或Pd—C键的断裂, 这些特征为此类化合物及其结构类似物的结构推断提供了依据.     

芦丁的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

研究了芦丁在电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-MS)下的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。应用电喷雾离子阱质谱技术研究芦丁的结构和正、负离子扫描条件下芦丁的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。芦丁在正、负离子模式下均可得到较好的质谱信息,在正离子模式下,容易与Na+形成[M+Na]+的准分子离子,并裂解形成碎片m/z 605,487,331,325,313,185等,在负离子模式下,形成[M-H]-的准分子离子,并进一步碎裂形成碎片m/z 301,283,257,255,229,227,211等。分别阐明了芦丁在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律,并对主要特征碎片离子进行归属,为进一步芦丁的结构优化和修饰提供了有价值的依据。     

新型环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的质谱特征

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法(ESI-MS)对两种环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的质谱特征进行了研究,获得了它们的结构碎片信息,对其质谱裂解途径进行了解析.结果表明:在正离子检测方式下可以得到强的准分子离子峰[M-C l]+和[M-I]+簇,它们的(+)ESI-MSn(n=1~4)质谱主要产生碳-膦键断裂的碎片,同时也能观察到钯-磷键的断裂.这些特征为此类化合物及其结构类似物的结构推断提供了依据.     

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解规律研究

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂是具有良好开发前景的新型抗肿瘤药物之一. 采用电喷雾-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱技术, 对4种吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解途径及其碎片离子结构进行研究. 实验结果表明: 吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物拥有4个可能的质子化模式, 不同的质子化作用会产生不同的碎片离子, 且吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物N(5)-CO键断裂所产生的碎片离子相对丰度较高, 可以作为药物代谢动力学及酶学水平研究中质谱的特征性碎片离子. 需要指出的是, 化合物3, 4能够分别丢失一分子水形成碎片离子[M+H-H₂O]⁺, 根据高分辨质谱和理论计算结果我们推测该过程是由质子化作用发生在酰胺氧原子上引发的, 而CID条件下N(5)-CO键的进一步断裂可产生相对丰度较高的碎片离子.     

大黄酸ESI-IT MS质谱行为及碎片离子的量子化学研究

采用电喷雾-离子阱质谱(ESI-IT MS),获取大黄酸分子的一级质谱和多级质谱碰撞诱导解离下的碎片离子,以量子化学计算大黄酸分子及其主要碎片离子的质谱行为。通过对质谱离子几何参数、键断裂能、电荷变化、自旋密度以及前线分子轨道的分析,可得到m/z 282.8、256.9、238.9、210.8、192.8、182.8、166.8离子的稳定构型以及质谱裂解途径,从而较系统地解释了大黄酸分子在ESI-IT MS中的裂解行为。     

异黄酮同分异构体的ESI-IT-TOF质谱特征及区别

采用电喷雾-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱(ESI-IT-TOF)技术, 在正/负离子检测模式下对芒柄花素及其同分异构体7-甲氧基异黄酮的质谱裂解规律进行了系统研究. 实验结果表明, 该化合物在正、负离子模式下均得到了5级高分辨质谱. 结果显示, 二者在负离子模式下的碎片相同, 而在正离子模式下的碎片裂解不同. 根据正负离子模式的5级高分辨质谱推导了两者的可能裂解规律, 丰富了异黄酮的ESI-MSn数据, 为其它异黄酮类化合物的分析鉴定提供了有效的质谱方法.     

密度泛函理论辅助研究大黄素型蒽醌化合物电喷雾质谱的裂解过程

从红树植物尖瓣海莲(Bruguiera sexangula var.rhynchopetala)来源的一株青霉菌属真菌Penicillium sp.次级代谢产物中,分离鉴定出三个大黄素型蒽醌化合物,分别为:大黄素1,3,8-三-羟基-6-甲基蒽醌(1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl anthraquinone,JGWY-C)、1,3,5,8-四羟基-6甲基蒽醌(1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone,JGWY-D)和1,3,8-三羟基6-羟甲基蒽醌(1,3,8-trihydroxy-6 hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone,JGWY-B).采用电喷雾离子阱质谱技术(ESI-IT-MSn)对三个化合物的裂解过程及碎片离子结构进行研究,并运用密度泛函理论计算方法,优化各碎片离子的稳定几何构型和裂解过程的能量变化,进一步验证裂解途径分析的可靠性.实验结果表明:大黄素型蒽醌化合物中酚羟基具有一定的酸性,更容易在负离子模式下形成氧负离子,A环和B环酚羟基在多级裂解过程中易脱去CO和CO2小分子.这一裂解过程可以作为药物快速检测和药代动力学研究中质谱的特征碎片离子峰.此外,化合物JGWY-B碰撞诱导裂解α位-CH2OH脱去H2形成醛基,这一过程也得到理论计算的支持.该研究为大黄素型蒽醌化合物的结构鉴定和检测提供了有用的质谱依据.     

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱法非靶向筛查典型三嗪类除草剂

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap）研究典型三嗪类除草剂的特征质谱裂解规律。14种三嗪类除草剂的标准溶液经Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm）分离,用甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下采集离子信息。通过分析主要特征离子碎片发现：含O、含Cl和含S 3类亚型三嗪类除草剂质谱断裂方式包括：均三嗪环上氨基取代基的碳氮键断裂、均三嗪环上杂原子取代基自由基的丢失和均三嗪环的开环反应。含O三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 142.07234和m/z 100.05060,含Cl三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z104.00017,含S三嗪类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 116.02769。本研究中得到的三嗪类除草剂的裂解规律可作为非靶向筛查具有相似结构特征的三嗪类化合物的重要依据。     

三磷酸腺苷的电喷雾质谱裂解规律研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱仪对正负离子模式下5'-三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-triphosphate,ATP)的各种离子[ATP+H]+、[ATP-nH+(n+1)Na]+(n=0～4)、[ATP-H]-的裂解规律进行了系统研究,并提出可能的裂解过程.实验发现在裂解过程中,ATP脱去γ-磷酸时,不仅是P-O键断裂,还存在三磷酸链上β-P＝O中O先夺去碱基上的氨基或核糖环上的羟基中H、N或O再亲核进攻磷引发结构重排,脱去γ-磷酸得到一系列碎片离子.利用理论计算解释了2种重排途径的可能性与碎片离子的丰度差异.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.