环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法(ESI-MS)对10种环钯化二茂铁亚胺-膦配合物的质谱特征进行了研究, 获得了其结构碎片信息, 对其质谱裂解途径进行了解析. 结果表明, 在正离子检测方式下可以得到强的准分子离子峰[M-Cl]+簇, 它们的(+) ESI-MSn(n=1~3)质谱主要产生碳-膦键断裂的碎片, 同时也能观察到Pd—P或Pd—C键的断裂, 这些特征为此类化合物及其结构类似物的结构推断提供了依据.     

芦丁的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

研究了芦丁在电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-MS)下的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。应用电喷雾离子阱质谱技术研究芦丁的结构和正、负离子扫描条件下芦丁的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。芦丁在正、负离子模式下均可得到较好的质谱信息,在正离子模式下,容易与Na+形成[M+Na]+的准分子离子,并裂解形成碎片m/z 605,487,331,325,313,185等,在负离子模式下,形成[M-H]-的准分子离子,并进一步碎裂形成碎片m/z 301,283,257,255,229,227,211等。分别阐明了芦丁在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律,并对主要特征碎片离子进行归属,为进一步芦丁的结构优化和修饰提供了有价值的依据。     

三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物的电喷雾质谱裂解特征

采用电喷雾/四极杆飞行时间质谱(ESI-QqTOF)联用技术,对3种三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物进行CID研究,并以质子化准分子离子[M+H]+作为内标物,对碎片离子进行了准确质量测定,确认了这些碎片离子的元素组成,探讨了该类化合物的质谱裂解规律.研究发现,它们的ESI-MS2(源内)和ESI-MS3质谱分别生成脱去N2分子、HCN或CH3CN分子和Cl原子的碎片离子,其中m/z 205为3种药物共有的碎片离子,这些特征可用于三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物的体内代谢转化和定量研究.     

二甲基焦膦酸二烷基酯的EI-MS裂解规律研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)研究了二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)的裂解途径和机理。针对二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,开展了一级和二级质谱研究,确定离子间的母子关系;同时采用电荷和游离基理论,解释主要碎片离子的裂解机理。通过研究发现:对于二甲基焦膦酸二烷基(≥C2)酯类化合物,大部分化合物的EI-MS谱图中无分子离子峰;该类化合物均产生特征离子m/z 175、158、157、143、97、79、65和47;分子离子以不饱和氧、饱和氧和π键为电荷/游离基中心引发酯基上伴随γ氢重排的α断裂和i断裂,碎片离子进一步发生简单α断裂、消除反应(γe)及i诱导断裂等反应,产生相应的离子。根据该类化合物的质谱裂解规律,可为未知结构的该类化合物和其它相似结构化合物的鉴定提供参考。     

第五.六族元素的有机化合物在有机合成中应用的研究XXXXI.一些新的含氟膦叶立德衍生物的质谱研究

前文已报道了一些含氟膦叶立德衍生物的电子轰击(EI)和化学电离正、负离子(PCI、NCI)质谱,着重对化学电离的正、负离子的断裂机理进行了研究.在CI正离子谱中[M+H]~+为基峰,而CI负离子谱中出现稳定的[M—C_6H_5]~-离子. 关于一般膦叶立德的EI质谱已有报道,在正离子谱中出现各种骨架重排离子.重排机理文献中也有详细讨论.本文继续报道一些新的含氟膦叶立德的EI质谱,它们的断裂机     

甲川三钴九羰基衍生物的质谱研究

本文报导了四个甲川三钻九羰基衍生物Co_3(CO)_9CR(R=H,Cl,CH_3和C_6H_5)的质谱研究,并根据它们的结构和在第一无场区亚稳离子的测量结果讨论它们的主要断裂特征。这些衍生物在EI条件下均可获得明显的分子离子。在连续丢失CO后形成一系列碎片离子[Co_3(CO)_(9-n)CR]~+(n=0—9);[Co_3CR]~+的二次断裂反应先是Co—Co键断裂,接着失去一个Co原子形成相应的碎片离子,这些产物离子多数以含金属碳化物离子出现;含苄川基金属碎片离子的二次断裂则以连续失去C_2H_2为特征。     

山奈酚的电喷雾质谱裂解途径

采用电喷雾质谱技术对山奈酚的质谱过程进行了表征,并用量子化学方法对山奈酚的质谱裂解途径进行了理论研究。 依据密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平,对山奈酚的各质谱碎片离子进行了几何结构优化,确定了各碎片的稳定结构;然后,在ROB3LYP/ 6-311++G(2d,2p)水平计算了形成各碎片离子所需的键断裂能,进而推导出了山奈酚的质谱碎裂途径。 计算结果显示,山奈酚主要通过C环碎裂而发生裂解,出现碎片m/z 284.7、256.7、228.7、210.7、184.8、168.7和150.7,其中m/z 210.7的碎片离子键断裂能最小,m/z 150.7的碎片离子键断裂能最大,说明前者很容易由母离子碎片形成,后者较难由母离子碎片形成。     

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解规律研究

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂是具有良好开发前景的新型抗肿瘤药物之一. 采用电喷雾-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱技术, 对4种吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解途径及其碎片离子结构进行研究. 实验结果表明: 吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物拥有4个可能的质子化模式, 不同的质子化作用会产生不同的碎片离子, 且吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物N(5)-CO键断裂所产生的碎片离子相对丰度较高, 可以作为药物代谢动力学及酶学水平研究中质谱的特征性碎片离子. 需要指出的是, 化合物3, 4能够分别丢失一分子水形成碎片离子[M+H-H₂O]⁺, 根据高分辨质谱和理论计算结果我们推测该过程是由质子化作用发生在酰胺氧原子上引发的, 而CID条件下N(5)-CO键的进一步断裂可产生相对丰度较高的碎片离子.     

三磷酸腺苷的电喷雾质谱裂解规律研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱仪对正负离子模式下5'-三磷酸腺苷(adenosine 5'-triphosphate,ATP)的各种离子[ATP+H]+、[ATP-nH+(n+1)Na]+(n=0～4)、[ATP-H]-的裂解规律进行了系统研究,并提出可能的裂解过程.实验发现在裂解过程中,ATP脱去γ-磷酸时,不仅是P-O键断裂,还存在三磷酸链上β-P＝O中O先夺去碱基上的氨基或核糖环上的羟基中H、N或O再亲核进攻磷引发结构重排,脱去γ-磷酸得到一系列碎片离子.利用理论计算解释了2种重排途径的可能性与碎片离子的丰度差异.     

基于新型介质阻挡放电离子源的药物快速检测方法研究

本研究将单电极放电技术的DBDI与质谱(MS)联用,快速检测了4种低极性的合成药物,结果表明,4种合成药物主要生成[M+H]+分子离子.此外还利用DBDI-MS对草乌、制草乌切片进行快速分析,在草乌中检测到乌头碱、中乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱的[M+H]+离子,以及[M+H-60]+碎片离子;在制草乌中只检测到乌头碱、中乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱的[M+H-60]+碎片离子.所测草乌中的标志性药效成分主要为双酯类生物碱,制草乌中的标志性药效成分主要为单酯类生物碱.新型DBDI为药物研究提供了一种新的、快速检测方法,具有十分重要的理论和实际应用意义,在药物研究领域具有极大的应用潜力.     

罗红霉素及其代谢物的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

采用电喷雾离子阱质谱法对人尿样中的罗红霉素及其10种代谢物进行了结构鉴定,利用质谱解析软件对其质谱裂解途径进行分析,发现它们的(+)ESI-MS²和(+)ESI-MS³质谱分别生成脱红霉糖和脱氨基糖碎片,并可见脱去C₉位含氮烷基侧链和一系列质荷比相差18的脱水碎片离子,这些特征可用于罗红霉素及其结构类似物的体内代谢转化研究.     

6种口服降糖药的液相色谱-质谱分析

为鉴定中药制剂里非法掺入的口服降糖药,建立了６种口服降糖药的液相色谱－质谱分析法,总结了该类药物分子的质谱裂解规律,经色谱分离后,以多级质谱方式,对中药制剂的有效溶提取物进行检测。通过对非法掺有口服降糖药苯乙双胍;另外,通过谱行为推测提取中含有另一口服降糖药氯磺丙脲。该法专属性强,灵敏度高,可作为分析检测非法中药制剂的有效手段。     

新型抗炎镇痛剂SFZ-47及其代谢物的电喷雾离子阱质谱研究

用电喷雾离子阱质谱对警犬尿样中SFZ－47[3H-1,2-二氢－2－（4－甲基苯胺基）甲基－1－吡咯里嗪酮）及其4种代谢物进行了结构鉴定，利用质谱解析软件分析其裂解方式发现，它们在（＋）ESI－MS^2或（ )ESI－MS^3质谱中分别生成m/z122和脱吡咯里嗪酮母核的碎片，并发现葡萄苷酸型代谢物易于生成脱水（18u)和脱葡萄醛酸（176u)的碎片离子，这些特征可用于SFZ－47及结构类似物的体内生物转化研究。     

Structural characterization of isoprenylated flavonoids from Kushen by electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry

Eighteen isoprenylated flavonoids (8 flavanones, 3 flavanols, and 7 chalcones) isolated from Kushen or synthesized were studied by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). Plausible fragmentation patterns were obtained by comparing their MS(n) spectra with each other, which were further supported by high-resolution MS data and two model compounds. It was shown that the 2'-OH group would make the C-ring of flavonoids studied more labile through a six-membered mechanism, resulting in base peaks of (1,3)A+ (positive mode) and (1,4)A(-) (negative mode). In addition, the 2'-OH is also responsible for the neutral loss of water in (+)ESI/MS(2) of flavanones. The neutral loss of water (or methanol) in (-)ESI/MS(2) of flavanols was elucidated by a E2 elimination mechanism. Different relative abundances (RA) of (1,3)A(+) and S(+) in (+)ESI/MS(2) spectra were used to discriminate flavanones with their open-ring products, chalcones, since the equilibrium for flavanone<-->chalcone isomerization in ESI ion source could not be obtained in positive mode.     

(+)-Silybin, a pharmacologically active constituent of Silybum marianum: fragmentation studies by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

The fragmentation behavior of (+)-silybin (1) and (+)-deuterosilybin (2), as well as of their flavanone-3-ol-type building blocks, such as 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4-chromanone (3) and 2-(1,4-benzodioxolanyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-chromanone (4), were investigated by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadropole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode (APCI(+)-QqTOF MS/MS). The product ion spectra of the protonated molecules of 1 revealed a rather complicated fragmentation pattern with product ions originating from consecutive and competitive loss of small molecules such as H2O, CO, CH2O, CH3OH and 2-methoxyphenol, along with the A+- and B+-type ions arising from the cleavage of the C-ring of the flavanone-3-ol moiety. The elucidation of the fragmentation behavior of 1 was facilitated by acquiring information on the fragmentation characteristics of the flavanone-3-ol moieties and 2. The capability of the accurate mass measurement on the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer allowed us to determine the elemental composition of each major product ion. Second-generation product ion spectra obtained by combination of in-source collision induced dissociation (CID) with selective CID (pseudo-MS(3)) was also helpful in elaborating the fragmentation pathways and mechanism. Based on the experimental results, a fragmentation mechanism as well as fragmentation pathways for 1 and its flavanone-3-ol building blocks (3, 4) are proposed and discussed.     

Characterization of acylated flavonoid-O-glycosides and methoxylated flavonoids from Tagetes maxima by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) employing a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used in the structural determination of acylated flavonoid-O-glycosides and methoxylated flavonoids occurring in Tagetes maxima. The compounds were identified by experiments in full scan mode (MS), and tandem mass experiments (MS/MS) of precursor ion scan, product ion scan, and neutral loss scan modes. In order to characterize the aglycones of the flavonoid glycosides, in-source fragmentation of the deprotonated molecule [M-H]- followed by product ion scan of the resulting aglycone [A-H]- were performed. This combined approach allowed the identification of 51 phenolic compounds, including flavonoid-O-glycosides acylated with galloyl, protocatechuoyl, coumaroyl or caffeoyl groups, methoxylated flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acid and phenolic acid derivatives, none of them previously reported in Tagetes maxima.     

N-linked oligosaccharide analysis of rat brain Thy-1 by liquid chromatography with graphitized carbon column/ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes

We have previously described the site-specific glycosylation analysis of rat brain Thy-1 by LC/multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) using proteinase-digested Thy-1. In the present study, detailed structures of oligosaccharides released from Thy-1 were elucidated by mass spectrometric oligosaccharide profiling using LC/MS with a graphitized carbon column (GCC-LC/MS). First, using model oligosaccharides, we improved the oligosaccharide profiling by ion trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Sequential scanning of a full MS(1) scan with FT-ICR-MS followed by data-dependent MS(n) with IT-MS in positive ion mode, and a subsequent full MS(1) scan with FT-ICR-MS followed by data-dependent MS(n) with IT-MS in negative ion mode enabled the monosaccharide composition analysis as well as profiling and sequencing of both neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in a single analysis. The improved oligosaccharide profiling was applied to elucidation of N-linked oligosaccharides from Thy-1 isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was demonstrated that Thy-1 possesses a significant variety of N-linked oligosaccharides, including Lewis a/x, Lewis b/y, and disialylated structure as a partial structure. Our method could be applicable to analysis of a small abundance of glycoproteins, and could become a powerful tool for glycoproteomics.     

A practical strategy for the characterization of coumarins in Radix Glehniae by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry

The aim of the present study was to develop a practical method for the characterization of coumarins in Radix Glehniae by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). First, 10 coumarin standards (including two pairs of isomers) were studied, and mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns and elution time rules for the coumarins were found. Then, an extract of Radix Glehniae was analyzed by the combination of two scan modes, i.e., multiple ion monitoring-information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion mode (MIM-IDA-EPI) and precursor scan information-dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion mode (PREC-IDA-EPI) on a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. A total of 41 coumarins were identified on the basis of their mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. This is the first time that these two scan modes have been combined to characterize chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine. This new method allowed the identification of coumarins in Radix Glehniae in trace amounts. The methodology proposed in this study could be valuable for the structural characterization of coumarins from complex natural and synthetic sources.     

Differentiation of isomeric flavone/isoflavone aglycones by MS2 ion trap mass spectrometry and a double neutral loss of CO

The fragmentation behaviour of seven pairs of isomeric flavone/isoflavone aglycones (solely hydroxylated and/or methoxylated) was studied using ion trap mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure ionisation (API, both electrospray and APCI) in the positive and negative ion modes. A major difference was found in the neutral loss of 56 u, which was a common feature of all isoflavones in API(+). It was identified as a double loss of CO by accurate mass tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) measurements using a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) instrument. Fragmentation of daidzein with (13)C-isotope labelling of the carbon C2 showed that this double loss occurred from the central ring of the molecule. A mechanism for this selective fragmentation is given. Further isoflavone-specific fragmentations were used to develop a guideline for the identification of isoflavone structures. A software-based neutral loss scan of 56 u in the API(+)-MS(2) mode was applied to extracts of leaves of Lupinus albus and to soy flour. The structure elucidation guideline allowed identification of hydroxy and/or methoxy isoflavones. Structures could be confirmed for those available as reference compounds.