纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2的研究

采用纳米化学制备技术合成了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/ ZrO2-SiO2.该催化剂对醋酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应有很好的催化作用,并具有耐水性强,再生容易,可重复使用,不腐蚀设备,不污染环境等优点,是对环境友好并具有应用前景的绿色工业催化剂.用XRD、XPS、TEM、IR和化学分析等手段分析了SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2的晶化过程、比表面积、含硫量.结果表明,浸渍液H2SO4浓度、焙烧温度、沉淀条件、比表面积和含硫量均明显影响SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2的酸强度及催化活性.SO2-4 / ZrO2-SiO2最佳制备条件陈化温度为0℃,浸渍液H2SO4浓度为0.5 mol/ L,焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为3 h.     

纳米固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-SiO_2的研究

采用纳米化学制备技术合成了新型的纳米固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2.该催化剂对醋酸和脂肪醇的酯化反应有很好的催化作用,并具有耐水性强,再生容易,可重复使用,不腐蚀设备,不污染环境等优点,是对环境友好并具有应用前景的绿色工业催化剂.用XRD、XPS、TEM、IR和化学分析等手段分析了SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2的晶化过程、比表面积、含硫量.结果表明,浸渍液H2SO4浓度、焙烧温度、沉淀条件、比表面积和含硫量均明显影响SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2的酸强度及催化活性.SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2最佳制备条件:陈化温度为0℃,浸渍液H2SO4浓度为0 5mol/L,焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为3h.     

硬脂酸法制备SO42-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及其催化性能的初步探讨

首次用硬脂酸法制备了Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物,经浸渍H2SO4后再焙烧得SO2-4/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂.用TEM,XRD,N2吸附/脱附和TG-DTA等手段对其进行了表征,结果显示制得的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物具有多孔结构.且随着Si含量的增大,其比表面积明显增大,但孔径减小.用乙酸/丁醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能.     

制备方法对H2SO4固体酸结构和催化性能的影响

 以溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了H2SO4固体酸催化剂. FT-IR, XRD和 29Si MAS NMR结果表明,两种方法得到的催化剂结构不同. FT-IR和 29Si MAS NMR结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的固体酸H2SO4-SiO2中H2SO4和载体SiO2间存在相互作用; 1H MAS NMR结果表明,H2SO4-SiO2固体酸的酸强度和液体浓硫酸相当. 通过对柠檬酸与正丁醇的液/固相催化酯化反应比较了溶胶-凝胶法与浸渍法制备的固体酸的催化性能,结果表明,浸渍法得到的固体酸重复使用4次后活性消失; 溶胶-凝胶法制备的H2SO4-SiO2固体酸重复使用6次后仍显示出较高的活性和选择性.     

大孔MgO/ZrO2固体碱的制备及催化性能

以多孔聚合物为整体型模板,利用锆酸四丁酯原位水解并结合高温烧结的方法制备出大孔ZrO2载体,通过Mg(NO3)2溶液浸渍、高温煅烧制备出大孔MgO/ZrO2复合材料。SEM、FTIR、XRD、TG-DSC表征发现ZrO2载体是由三维连续的纳米薄层构成的大孔材料,MgO以纳米颗粒形式沉积在ZrO2的三维超薄层上。进一步通过CO2-TPD手段发现该ZrO2表面具有弱碱性位,MgO的负载显著增加了复合物的碱性。以碳酸二甲酯和异辛醇酯交换合成碳酸二异辛酯为探针反应,考察焙烧温度及活性组分负载量等制备条件对大孔MgO/ZrO2固体碱催化活性的影响。结果表明,该催化剂对碳酸二异辛酯的合成具有较好的催化活性,当焙烧温度为600℃,MgO含量为50%时目标产物的产率可高达到65%。     

催化精馏专用填料型固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al的研究

为了研制催化精馏专用催化剂,采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型载体,并将活性固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2引入到Al2O3-Al上,得到一种新型催化精馏专用填料式固体酸SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al催化剂.利用XRD、 SEM、 BET、 XPS、 NH3-TPD等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的阳极氧化铝膜厚为56 μm, SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸具有比表面积大、酸强度适中的特点.XRD结果表明, ZrO2在Al2O3-Al上处于高度分散状态.将该固体酸用于乙酸/乙醇酯化反应中,显示出较高的催化活性,且稳定性较好.     

硬脂酸法制备SO42-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸及其催化性能的初步探讨

首次用硬脂法制备了Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物,经浸渍H2SO4后再焙烧得SO4^2-/Fe2O3-SiO2固体酸催化剂。用TEM,XRD,N2吸附/脱附和TG-DTA等手段对其进行了表征,结果显示制得的Fe2O3-SiO2混合氧化物具有多孔结构,且随着Si含量的增大,其比表面积明显增大,但孔径减小。用乙酸/丁醇酯化催化反应评估了该固体酸的催化性能。     

SO4 2- /ZrO2酸性及其催化液化性能研究

通过沉淀 浸渍法制备了一系列SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,利用NH3-TPD、FT-IR及间歇式高压加氢实验考察了SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的酸性和催化液化性能。对SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸的结构进行了XRD、BET及TG/DTA表征。结果表明,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸表面酸中心强度呈非均一化、连续分布,中强酸是SO4 2－/ZrO2主要的酸中心;煤液化反应中,SO4 2－/ZrO2固体酸催化作用主要表现为催化裂解,酸中心越强,催化活性越高;提高SO4 2－/ZrO2焙烧温度,有利于提高酸中心强度及强酸中心分布、增大煤的转化率;650℃焙烧3h ,SO4 2－/ZrO2催化活性最高,煤液化转化率达到76.77%。     

制备条件对纳米级固体超强酸SO42- /ZrO2性能的影响

通过溶剂替代法制备了纳米级固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2催化剂,用XRD、TEM、TG-DTA、IR、XPS等技术考察了制备条件对样品的粒径、晶化温度与结构的影响,并研究了它们对松油醇乙酰化反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,0·5mol/LH2SO4浸渍、500~550℃焙烧3h的纳米SO42-/ZrO2具有最高超强酸性和催化活性。其酸强度为-16·02≤H0≤-14·52,粒径在20~40nm,松油醇转化率达99·8%。     

固体酸催化剂SO4^2-／SiO2-TiO2的制备及其催化酯化性能

分别以机械混合法和浸渍法制备了SO42-/SiO2-TiO2固体酸催化剂,以乙醇和乙酸的酯化反应为模型反应考察了不同SiO2含量及不同温度焙烧的催化剂的活性.结果表明,机械混合法制备的400℃焙烧的SO42-/40%SiO2-TiO2催化剂活性最高,部分回流时,乙酸几乎全部转化,全回流反应100min时,其乙酸转化率达到84%.X射线衍射分析表明,SiO2抑制了硫酸氧钛的形成;催化剂的活性组分包括一定量的四方晶锐钛矿型TiO2、正交晶硫酸氧钛、少量立方晶金属钛和高比表面积的SiO2.红外光谱分析表明,添加SiO2后催化剂形成Ti-O-Si键,进而使SO42-与样品表面产生强相互作用;结合的SO42-主要以无机螯合状双配位和有机硫酸酯两种结构形式存在.热重-示差扫描量热分析表明,SiO2的添加使SO42-不易脱除,同时使锐钛矿TiO2向金红石相的转变温度降低.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.     

复合固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4-WO3-ZrO2的结构研究

Solid superacid catalyst SO4(2-)-WO3-ZrO2 was characterized by means of XRD,DTA-TG, and surface area measurement techniques. The dependence of the surface area, SO42- content of the catalyst on calcination temperature was measured. It was found that there is a synergy to a certain degree between SO42- and WO3 with respect to the delay of ZrO2 crystallization, the stabilization of the tetragonal ZrO2 and the enlargement of the surface area of the catalyst. The addition of WO3 is beneficial to the stabilization of SO42- and remarkably increases the stability of SO42- at high temperature.     

固体超强酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯的研究

研究了以ZrO2／SO42-固体超强酸催化富马酸和甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯的反应，表征了催化剂的物化性质，探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对收率的影响。催化剂的重复使用实验表明：ZrO2／SO42-是富马酸二甲酯合成的较适宜的催化剂。     

制备条件对Ni/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂煤气甲烷化的影响

采用浸渍法制备了ZrO₂-SiO₂复合载体和Ni质量分数为6%的Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂催化剂,考察了载体制备时浸渍溶液pH值、焙烧温度和催化剂制备时的焙烧温度对Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂催化剂煤气甲烷化反应性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原和扫描电子显微镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,载体浸渍溶液pH值为8.0～9.0, 载体焙烧温度为550 ℃,催化剂焙烧温度为450 ℃时,Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂催化剂在煤气甲烷化反应中显示了最优的催化性能,CO转化率100%,CO₂转化率1.8%,CH₄生成速率16.6 mmol/(h·g)。进一步表征发现,制备ZrO₂-SiO₂复合载体时,增大浸渍溶液的pH值有利于形成粒径较小的亚稳态四方晶相ZrO₂,可见四方晶相ZrO₂更有利于甲烷化反应;载体焙烧温度会影响到NiO粒径的大小和其在催化剂表面的分散,温度过高和过低都会导致NiO粒径大小的不适宜以及分散性的降低;催化剂焙烧温度过高则会导致NiO与载体间的相互作用减弱,NiO分散性降低。     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-SnO2-Nd2O3的制备及催化合成乙酸松油酯

采用分沉淀-共浸渍法制备了新型稀土固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-SnO2-Nd2O3,利用IR、TG-DTA、XRD表征了催化剂的物化性质,并用于催化乙酸酐和松油醇合成乙酸松油酯,显示了良好的反应活性和重复使用性,对反应条件进行了优化,结果表明最佳反应条件为：松油醇和乙酸酐的摩尔比1∶1.5,反应温度50 ℃,反应时间5 h,催化剂用量占松油醇质量的2 %,在此反应条件下松油醇的转化率为93%左右,产物中乙酸松油酯的含量为87%。催化剂失活主要原因是有机物在表面吸附,通过无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,即可再生。     

SO42-/TiO2-SiO2的制备及对甲基橙的光催化降解

0 引言 水中难降解有机物的治理已成为当今重要的环境问题,对新型高效水处理剂的需求也愈加迫切。多相光催化氧化已成为国内外治理污水的新技术,但常规二氧化钛半导体光催化剂的量子效率     

低温陈化法制备SO42-/ZrO2-Sm2O3固体超强酸及表征

本研究以氨水、氧氯化锆和三氯化钐为原料，用共沉淀法制得锆和钐的氢氧化物，经低温陈化、过滤、烘干和高温焙烧，制备出SO₄^2-/ZrO₂-Sm₂O₃固体超强酸(以下简称SZS)。用流动指示剂法测定其酸度，用IR、XRD对其进行了表征，并将其用于催化氯乙酸和乙醇的酯化反应。结果表明，低温陈化样品的突出优点是酸强度大(H₀< -14.5);与SO₄^2-结合得牢;在较宽的温度范围内，具有催化活性的亚稳态的ZrO₂四方晶相没有发生相转变，这是其催化活性较高的微观原因。     

陈化温度和Fe/Zr配比对SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2固体超强酸结构与性能的影响

用低温陈化法制备了SO42-/Fe2O3-ZrO2(简称SFZ)固体超强酸催化剂,用红外光谱(IR)和X光衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,并考察了它对合成癸二酸二正丁酯的催化性能.IR谱显示,低温陈化的SFZ样品在1070 cm-1处吸收峰远强于常温陈化样品.XRD分析则显示,在焙烧温度为650℃、 Fe/Zr为2 ∶ 1时,低温陈化的样品出现了亚稳态的ZrO2四方晶相.该样品在催化酯化反应中使产率达90%以上,高于常温陈化样品的30%.研究结果表明: 在其他条件不变时,低温陈化所出现的亚稳态的ZrO2四方晶相是表面酸性和催化活性增加的微观原因.     

Preparation and Catalytic Activity of SO42-/TiO-La2O3 in Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate

Butyl butyrate is a very important compound, which is transparent liquid and has the pear,apple flavor. Natural exist is in the fruit, such as apple, pear, banana, grape and strawberry, etc.Primarily used for to prepare the edible spice and is also widely used in industrial intermediate product, solvent and synthetic perfumery. Until now, there are many methods to synthesize it.Conventionally H2SO4 was reported, but it causes many problems, such as the erosion of equipment,easily causes the vice-reaction, difficulty for after-treatment, environment pollution etc. A new environmentally friendly catalyst, SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared. And catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol with SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 as catalyst has been no report up to now. Therefore, studying on the synthetic catalyst has theoretical and practical significances. The catalytic activity of catalyst in esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol was measured.In this paper, we fast reported the preparation of SO42-/riO2-La2O3 and discussed the factors influencing the synthesis catalyst. The catalyst rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was The precipitate was filtered and washed thoroughly with distilled water until chloride ions were free.furnace at 480 ℃ for 3 h, and finally stored in a desiccator until use.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The experiment indicated that this catalyst has the following advantage. The amount of catalyst was little and getting high yield, its product has a good quanlity and is favour of reducing erosion of equipment, avoiding environment pollution. The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of n-butanoic acid to n-butyl alcohol was 1:1.5, the quantity of catalyst was equal to 1.5% of feed stocks, the reaction temperature was 93-114 ℃, and the reaction time was 1.0 h. Rare earth solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthetizing butyl butyrate and its yield can reach over 90.0%.A good catalyst should be able to be used repeatedly. The reusing of the catalyst was studied. We found that the catalytic activities of our catalyst are almost unchanged after it had been used five times. From the above results and discussion, we can see that the synthesis of n-butyl butyrate by SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 instead of H2SO4 has a great prospect of application. It has a good applied foreground.     

镝对固体超强酸催化剂ZrO2-Dy2O3/SO42--HZSM-5的酸性和稳定性的影响

合成了固体超强酸催化剂ＺｒＯ２－Ｄｙ２Ｏ３／ＳＯ４＾２－,并将其负载于分子筛ＨＺＳＭ－５上,制成复合型固体超强酸催化剂ＺｒＯ２－Ｄｙ２Ｏ３／ＳＯ４＾２－ＨＺＳＭ－５）以下简称催化剂ＺＤＳＨ）,采用Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ批示剂法,吸附吡淀的ＴＰＤ法,考察催化剂ＺＤＳＨ的酸强度及其分布;通过热重分析（ＴＧＡ）、差热分析（ＤＴＡ）方法,考察镝对催化剂ＺＤＳＨ稳定性的作用;运用红外光谱（ＩＲ）法,分析催化剂ＺＤＳ