离子交换色谱-氢化物发生双道原子荧光法同时测定砷和硒形态

建立了离子交换色谱-氢化物发生双道原子荧光联用同时测定4种As形态和3种Se形态的方法,并优化了各种实验参数。采用PRP-X100阴离子交换分析柱可以在10min内同时分离、检测As和Se形态。在8%HCl和1.5%(m/V)KBH4的氢化物反应条件下,进样量100μL,各形态的检出限为:As(Ⅲ)0.2μg/L、DMA0.3μg/L、MMA0.2μg/L、As(Ⅴ)0.3μg/L、SeCys0.6μg/L、Se(Ⅳ)0.5μg/L、SeMet3μg/L。当各As形态浓度为100μg/L、各Se形态浓度为200μg/L,各形态的精密度RSD(n=7)均小于5%。当各As形态浓度范围为5～100μg/L、SeCys和Se(Ⅳ)浓度范围为10～200μg/L、SeMet浓度范围为50～200μg/L时,各形态均可得到良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9992。用建立的方法测定了富硒营养品中的As和Se形态,加标回收率在91%～115%之间。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定烟草中砷的形态

应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)建立了烟草中As(Ⅲ)、As(V)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)和二甲基砷酸(DMA)4种砷形态的检测方法。研究了不同提取液、提取液体积以及提取时间对提取效果的影响,并对色谱条件进行优化。以15 mL甲醇-水(1∶1)混合液为提取液,30℃超声提取20 min,以(NH4)2HPO4(pH 6.0)为流动相,采用PRP-X100阴离子交换柱对砷形态进行分离。在0.1～25μg/L质量浓度范围内,4种砷形态的线性系数均不小于0.997,日内(n=5)和日间(n=3)RSD均不大于4.2%,仪器检出限为0.1～0.2μg/L,定量下限为0.2～0.5μg/L。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,砷的回收率均为83%～115%,方法稳定性较好,RSD不大于5.7%。采用该方法对国内外8种烟草中的4种砷形态含量进行分析,其含量从高到低依次为As(Ⅴ)、MMA、As(Ⅲ)和DMA。该方法准确、灵敏、方便,适用于烟草中砷形态的测定。     

温莪术中As、Se含量的测定

对温莪术中As、Se两种元素的含量采用HG-ICP-AES法进行了测定分析。结果表明,温莪术全草中具有较高的Se元素含量和很低的As元素含量,从As和Se两元素含量的角度可见,温莪术具有一定的药用价值。并将温莪术经超声煎煮不同时间后得到的药液、药渣进行对比,发现As含量均很低,而Se含量在药渣中显著高于药液。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人面果树中的重金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定人面果树中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素含量的方法。样品采用HNO3-H2O2消解体系,避免了赶酸的操作,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素的含量。方法对7种元素的校准曲线的相关系数r>0.9997,检出限在0.0098～0.0874μg/L之间,回收率在93%～115%之间,RSD在0.41%～4.9%。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定鸡肉及鸡肝中10种砷形态化合物

建立了一种有效分离检测鸡肉及鸡肝样品中洛克沙砷(ROX)、阿散酸(ASA)、硝苯胂酸(NPAA)、卡巴胂(CBS)、砷酸(AsⅤ)、亚砷酸(AsⅢ)、一甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱(As B)和砷胆碱(As C)共10种砷形态化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。采用10%甲醇为提取液,碳酸铵溶液为流动相,以阴离子分析柱将样品提取液进行分离,最后进行ICP-MS测定。10种砷形态化合物在0.1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.3~1.5μg/kg,定量下限为1.0~5.0μg/kg,加标回收率为81.3%~97.7%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~3.5%。该法重现性好、灵敏度高,且采用组织研磨仪机械振荡5 min即可成功提取10种砷形态化合物,与常规水浴加热振荡提取相比更加简便、高效。该法适用于鸡肉及鸡肝样品中10种砷形态化合物的同时检测,通过对实际样品的分析测定,在鸡肝样品中检出阿散酸和亚砷酸。     

等离子体质谱-氧气碰撞池技术测定复杂基体样品中痕量砷和硒

本实验采用氧气碰撞/反应池技术促使分析物生成氧化物离子,避开原来的双电荷离子干扰.同时采用负的动能歧视效应来改善氧化物离子的通过率,对在新的谱线位置上出现同量异位素干扰辅以数学校正方法.实验发现, 有机试剂的增敏效应同样适合于As和Se的氧化物离子,1%甲醇溶液用于改善As和Se的分析灵敏度.在解决这类样品中微量As和Se的分析难题上,本方法显示了很好的效果,检出限为:As 0.0045μg/L, Se 0.0062μg/L,背景等效浓度:As 0.022μg/L,Se 0.025μg/L,分析结果的误差在标准物质的允许误差范围内,极大改善了实际样品分析结果的准确度.     

HPLC–AFS联用测定海产品中砷的形态

建立了高效液相色谱–原子荧光分光光度法测定海产品中无机砷(As V,AsⅢ)、有机砷(DMA,MMA,AsB)含量的方法。样品经含10%(体积分数)HCl的提取液振荡提取、离心分离、二路形态分析预处理、高效液相色谱分离,用原子荧光光度计检测As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V);四路条件(过氧化氢氧化和开启紫外灯)形态分析预处理装置处理,高效液相色谱分离,原子荧光光度计测定AsB。As(Ⅲ)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 7;DMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 3;MMA线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 0;As(V)线性范围为0～100.00μg/L,r2=0.999 1;AsB线性范围为0～200.00μg/L,r2=0.999 4。3个样品加标回收率为As(Ⅲ)86.7%～89.4%,DMA 111.2%～117.0%,MMA 109.7%～111.6%,As(V)83.8%～90.7%,AsB 88.3%～90.4%。用该方法测定虾仁(干)5个价态测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.07%～9.93%(n=6)。5个价态的检出限(S/N=2)为As(Ⅲ)0.29μg/L,DMA 0.36μg/L,MMA 0.27μg/L,As(V)0.56μg/L,AsB 1.46μg/L。该方法适用于海产品中As(Ⅲ),DMA,MMA,As(V),AsB含量的测定。     

猪、兔、羊、鸡肝脏中必需微量元素和脂肪酸含量的比较研究

以猪、兔、羊、鸡的肝脏为材料,利用高频电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定了其微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn的含量,新极谱仪测定了Se的含量,气相色谱仪测定了必需脂肪酸亚油酸(C反18：2)和γ-亚麻酸(Cγ-18：3)的含量。结果表明,Fe在所测五种微量元素中含量最高,Zn其次,Se最低。四种动物肝脏中,兔肝的Zn、Fe、Se含量(鲜重)最高．分别为34．00μg/g,151．70μg/g和0.14μg/g;羊肝的Cu含量(鲜重)最高,为65．72μg/g;鸡肝的Mn含量(鲜重)最高,为1．94μg/g。此外,在所测定的两种必需脂肪酸中,兔肝的亚油酸含量(鲜重)最高,为24．08％;鸡肝中γ-亚麻酸含量最高,为1．08％。结果提示,在选用动物肝脏作为营养素源和制备保健品时,应考虑微量元素和必需脂肪酸的含量特点,有效利用其营养价值。     

微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析沉积物中砷的形态

采用微波辅助提取-液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(LC-HG-AFS)联用技术分析了太湖沉积物中砷的形态[亚砷酸(As(III))、二甲基砷酸钠(DMA)、一甲基砷酸二钠(MMA)和砷酸As(V)]。测得沉积物中以无机砷为主,且以As(V)居多。选定以1mol/L的磷酸和0.1mol/L抗坏血酸为提取液,在微波辅助萃取(功率为60W,时间12min)下,萃取率达79.84%～91.57%,回收率在94.78%～107.6%之间。4种砷的形态在0～160μg/L之间时线性良好,检测限为0.6～2.3μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为1.62%～2.20%。方法具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定淡水中7种元素形态的含量

建立了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定淡水中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]、一甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)、亚硒酸盐[Se(Ⅳ)]、硒酸盐[Se(Ⅵ)]和六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]的方法。采用以不同体积比的pH 8.7的20mmol·L-1硝酸铵溶液和pH 8.7的60mmol·L-1硝酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过优化的色谱条件实现了7种元素形态在14min完成色谱分离,氯化物对75 As、77 Se、53 Cr无干扰。7种元素形态在一定范围内呈线性,As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA、DMA、Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.06,0.02,0.04,0.05,1.00,1.00,0.20μg·L-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为80.1%~101%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.59%~5.2%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.