高效毛细管电泳法测定泳池中尿液指示物乙酰磺胺酸钾

建立了高效毛细管电泳测定游泳池水中新型尿液指示物乙酰磺胺酸钾含量的新方法。采用内壁无涂层熔融石英毛细管(60.2 cm×75μm,有效长度50 cm)进行分离,缓冲液为10 mmol/L硼砂溶液(pH 9.3),分离电压为24 k V,进样时间为20 s,检测波长为226 nm。取游泳池水样过滤,经固相萃取小柱浓缩富集后直接进样分析。结果显示:在优化条件下,乙酰磺胺酸钾在0.2~100.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(r=0.999 8),检出限为50.0μg/L,迁移时间和峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.73%和1.8%,加标回收率为96.0%~103.6%。该方法简单快速、准确可靠,适用于游泳池水中乙酰磺胺酸钾的检测。     

1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠体系分光光度法测定磺胺甲噁唑

采用1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠体系分光光度法测定磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)。磺胺甲噁唑与1,2-萘醌-4-磺酸钠在pH=10.0的缓冲溶液中发生亲核取代反应生成橙红色的产物,组成比为1:1,最大吸收波长λ=476 nm;表观摩尔吸光系数ε=6.44×103L/(mol.cm);SMZ浓度在0.2~60 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系;线性回归方程为A=0.02452 0.02301C(mg/L),线性相关系数r=0.9991;检出限为0.08 mg/L;RSD为0.25%(20 mg/L,n=11);平均回收率为98.7%以上。优化了对磺胺甲噁唑的测定条件。初步探讨了反应机理,应用拟定的方法测定磺胺甲噁唑的含量,与药典法相比,结果满意。     

快速溶剂萃取–高效液相色谱法测定禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶

建立快速溶剂萃取–高效液相色谱法测定禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶残留的方法。用单因素和正交试验对禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶的萃取条件进行优化,确定了最佳萃取条件:以甲醇为萃取剂,在130℃循环萃取4次,冲洗体积分数为80%,萃取时间为25 min。色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇–0.5%冰乙酸(25∶75),流量为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为265 nm。磺胺嘧啶的质量浓度在0.025~0.500 mg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 5,检出限为0.5μg/kg。加标回收率在83.0%~88.2%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.2%(n=9)。方法的精密度、准确度和基质效应均符合禽蛋样品检测要求,可用于禽蛋中磺胺嘧啶含量的测定。     

毛细管电泳-安培法测定复方磺胺甲噁唑片中的有效成分

采用毛细管电泳-安培法(CE-AD)同时分离测定了磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)和抗菌增效剂甲氧苄胺嘧啶(trimethoprim,TMP)3种常用磺胺类抗菌药物成分,考察了实验参数对分离、检测体系的影响。在优化实验条件下,以300μm碳圆盘电极作为工作电极,检测电位为1050mV(vs.SCE),在Na2B4O7(13mmol/L)-KH2PO4(18mmol/L)(pH5.8)的缓冲溶液中,分离电压18kV,进样6s,3组分在14min内可实现基线分离。上述3组分浓度分别在5×10-4~5×10-2、5×10-4~0.1和5×10-4~5×10-2g/L范围内与其峰电流强度呈线性关系,检出限达5.1×10-5~8.0×10-5g/L(S/N=3)。该方法已成功应用于复方磺胺甲噁唑片中抗菌活性成分的含量测定,结果令人满意。     

功能食品与饮品中牛磺酸的柱前衍生-高效毛细管电泳法快速测定

建立了功能食品和饮品中牛磺酸的高效毛细管电泳快速分析方法。以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为衍生剂进行柱前衍生,采用45 mmol/L(pH9.5)的硼砂缓冲溶液为运行缓冲溶液,熔融石英毛细管(50 cm×50μm,有效长度41 cm,未涂层)为分离柱;柱上紫外检测波长:335 nm,分离电压19 kV,电泳温度20℃,重力进样,进样时间10 s。牛磺酸的质量浓度在5.0~100.0 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r0.999),检出限(S/N=3)为1.6 mg/L,迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.4%和3.8%。用该法测定了功能食品、乳制饮品和饮料等样品中的牛磺酸,相对标准偏差为0.7%~3.7%,加标回收率为93%~111%。     

高效液相色谱光化学在线衍生技术在11种磺胺药物残留检测中的应用

建立了磺胺药物残留的高效液相色谱-光化学在线衍生-荧光检测方法,并应用于猪肉的检测。样品经过乙腈提取,色谱柱分离后,通过在线光化学衍生后,用荧光检测器进行直接检测。优化后的色谱条件:Eclipse Plus C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),流动相为均含0.2%甲酸的乙腈、甲醇和水梯度洗脱,检测激发波长为248 nm,发射波长为350和412 nm。各种磺胺在各自浓度范围内线性相关系数R2>0.999,回收率在85.7%~101.1%之间,RSD为1.9%~6.6%(n=6),各磺胺的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~3.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.5~10.0μg/kg。     

超快速液相–质谱法同时测定液体奶和奶粉中磺胺和喹诺酮类药物残留

建立超快速液相–质谱联用法测定乳制品中磺胺和喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。试样加入乙腈沉淀蛋白,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,经EndeavorsilTMC18柱分离,选用乙腈–0.1%甲酸为流动相。在0.05~100.00μg/L范围内,17种兽药的质量浓度均与色谱峰面积均呈良好的线性,相关系数(r2)为0.990 6~0.999 8,方法检出限为0.05~0.10μg/kg,加标回收率为75.88%~116.00%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~13%(n=5)。该方法快速、灵敏,可以满足对乳制品中多种兽药残留的快速检测要求。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中苯酚和氢醌

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用测定化妆品中苯酚和氢醌的检测方法.用甲醇作为提取试样,经HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,选择特征离子监测扫描模式(SIM)测定.结果表明:苯酚的方法线性范围为0.01~50μg/m L(r=0.999 96),检出限为0.05μg/g,加标回收率为91.3%~99.6%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~6.0%.氢醌的方法线性范围为0.02~50μg/m L(r=0.999 87),检出限为0.10μg/g,加标回收率为91.5%~99.7%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~5.5%.方法简单、快速、灵敏,可有效消除化妆品基质的干扰,适用于化妆品中苯酚和氢醌的定性、定量测定.     

场强放大样品进样-毛细管电泳技术对中药制剂中苯甲酸与山梨酸的测定

利用场强放大样品进样-高效毛细管电泳分离技术测定中药口服制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的含量。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(50.2 cm×75μm,有效长度40 cm),以pH 9.5的50 mmol/L硼砂为运行缓冲液,柱温25℃,分离电压20 kV,PAD检测,检测波长228 nm。阳极进样,进样前压力进水3.45 kPa×5 s,电动进样-10 kV×3 s。在最佳富集条件下,苯甲酸和山梨酸的富集倍数(以峰面积计)可达259.7和231.9倍;在0.5~20.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数高于0.995,检出限分别为0.67、0.53μg/L。将此方法用于两种液体中药制剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的测定,苯甲酸的回收率为98%~103%,山梨酸的回收率为100%~101%。该法简单快速、准确可靠、灵敏度高、无需复杂仪器,为液体中药制剂中防腐剂的含量控制提供了新的检测方法。     

高温水解-离子色谱法同时测定再生锌原料中氟和氯

采用自制的高温水解装置处理样品,结合离子色谱法测定了再生锌原料中氟、氯的含量。试样在1 000℃高温下通入氧气与水蒸汽进行水解反应,以NaHCO_3(6.0mmol/L)与Na_2CO_3(2.4mmol/L)的混合溶液作为淋洗液,经SH-AG-1保护柱及SH-AC-3分离柱分离,测得F-在0~10 mg/L、Cl-在0~50mg/L范围内浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数分别为r=0.999 8和r=0.999 9,检出限分别为0.020mg/L与0.033 mg/L。分析再生锌原料中氟、氯的加标回收率分别在95.70%~102.5%和96.72%~101.3%,相对标准偏差(n=11)分别在2.1%~6.6%和2.0%~5.8%。方法对再生锌原料中氟(0.010%~1.00%)和氯(0.050%~5.00%)测定,结果满意。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.