CTMAB对反相高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定水中痕量酚类化合物的增敏、增稳作用

研究了阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB对高效液相色谱 -电化学检测法测定水中痕量酚类化合物的增敏、增稳作用。流动相中CTMAB的最佳浓度为 0 .80mmol/L。使用NucleosilC8色谱柱 (2 0 0mm× 4 .6mmi.d .) ,流动相为甲醇 - 0 .0 2 5mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲液 (体积比为 6 0∶4 0 ,pH =5 .0 ,含 0 .0 6mmol/LEDTA、0 .80mmol/LCTMAB)。该方法测定苯酚、4 氯苯酚、2 ,4 二氯苯酚、2 ,4 ,5 三氯苯酚的线性范围分别为 0 .10～ 15 .0 0、0 .15～ 12 .5 0、0 .15～ 2 2 .5 0、0 .30～ 5 0 .0 0 μg/mL ,检出限分别为 0 .0 0 8、0 .0 10、0 .0 16、0 .0 34μg/mL ,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为 7.0 %、7.2 %、6 .0 %、7.0 % ,回收率分别为 4 8.0 %、80 .0 %、76 .0 %、85 .0 %。     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4 February 1995 Volume 4 Number 1

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UPLC法测定不同加工方式鹿茸中的生物胺成分

首次应用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)同时测定了鹿茸中10种生物胺组分的含量,比较了不同加工方式的鹿茸中生物胺的差异。鹿茸样品中的生物胺用0. 4 mol/L高氯酸浸提,10 g/L丹磺酰氯衍生化,UPLC法定量分析。色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC@BEH C18(2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 7μm),流动相为乙腈-水,柱温为35℃,流速为0. 4 m L/min,检测波长为217 nm。结果显示,10种生物胺在一定浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,其相关系数为0. 997 8~0. 999 9,检出限为10. 87~19. 63μg/L,回收率为71. 6%~101%。煮炸茸和冻干茸蜡片、粉片、纱片、骨片4个部位的生物胺总量依次为312. 33、176. 88、105. 31、55. 674 mg/kg和291. 77、152. 85、114. 49、74. 73 mg/kg;排血茸蜡片、粉片、纱片、骨片4个部位的生物胺总量分别为357. 07、226. 26、125. 18、77. 74 mg/kg,带血茸的分别为343. 42、216. 72、125. 15、76. 16 mg/kg。就生物胺总量而言,冻干茸高于煮炸茸,排血茸高于带血茸,且按蜡片、粉片、纱片、骨片部位依次减少,不同部位之间差异显著(P 0. 05)。     

文摘

液体燃料的组成和性质1.液体着火的性质(Properties of Fi-res of Liquids,D.J.Rasbash,Z.W.Rogowski,and G.W.V.Stark,Fuel,Lond.,1956,35,No.1,94～107)——为了研究扑诚液体着火的新方法,必须了解液体燃烧时的某些特性.本文以酒精、汽油、苯及灯油的30cm 直径自由燃烧为考察对象测定燃烧时液体的温度、燃烧速度和组分的变化,同时也测定火焰的大小、上升速度、温度和发射度.从所获     

《化学教育》栏目简介(试行稿)

化学与社会介绍化学与临近学科、社会、环境、技术、经济等方面的关系及其在各个领缺中的应用1.论述化学在社会发展中的地位、作用;2.介绍环境科学、生命科学、卫生保健、生活消费等领域域中的化学问题;3.介绍化学在新材料、新能源、新技术等方面的应用1.选题面广,内容新颖.观点明确,材料充实,有述有评;2.文字精炼,论述力求生动、通俗、准确。3 .5000字以内,包括必要的图表和参考文献。 知识介绍介绍和更新化学各学科的基础理论、基础知识.帮助读者了解化学及其边缘学科的新进展、新动向,以开阔读者眼界。1.重要的化学基础理论和基础知识.2.…     

ICP-AES法测定1J22软磁材料中的锰、硅、镍、铜、钒

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)测定软磁材料1J22中的锰、硅、镍、铜、钒.通过试验选择了适宜的测试条件,针对1J22软磁材料中常见元素对锰、硅、镍、铜、钒谱线的光谱干扰选择了合适的分析谱线,并进行了精密度和准确度试验.选用Mn 257. 610 nm、Si 251. 611 nm、Ni 351. 505 nm、Cu 224. 700 nm、V 292. 402 nm为分析线时.合成溶液的回收率为92. 0%～114. O%,RSD为0. 33%～7. 73%(n=6).本方法适合1J22软磁材料中锰、硅、镍、铜、钒元素的测定.     

《化学教育》栏目简介（试行稿）

化学与杜会目的介绍化学与临近学科、社会.环境、技术,经济等方 面的关系及其在各个领城中的应用。内容1.论述化学在社会发展中的地位,作用: 2.介绍环境科学、生命科学、卫生保健、生活消费等 领城中的化学间题: 3.介绍化学在新材料,新能该、新技术等方面的应用。要求1.选题面广,内容新领,观点明确.材料充实,有述 有评; 2.文宇精炼.论述力求生动、通俗、准确: 3,5。。。字以内,包括必要的图表和参考文献。 知识介绍目的介绍和更新化学各学科的基拙理论、羞础知识.帮 助读者了解化学及其边缘学科的新进展、新动向. 以开阔读者眼界。内容1.重…     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定莲藕、莲叶、莲子、田泥与田水中12种农药残留

建立了莲藕、莲叶、莲子肉、莲子壳、田泥和田水中12种农药残留的分析方法。固体样品采用乙腈-水混合提取,氯化钠盐析后离心,分取乙腈提取液过Pesti Carb固相萃取柱净化洗脱,水样采用C18固相萃取柱直接富集净化洗脱,洗脱液浓缩定容后经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)基质外标法定量,并对12种农药的质谱裂解、基质效应进行了探讨。12种农药在0. 005(0. 010)~2. 500 mg/L范围内均呈线性关系,相关系数(r~2)大于0. 97;在低、中、高加标浓度下,莲叶、莲藕、莲子肉和莲子壳中12种化合物的平均加标回收率(A. R.)为75. 6%~116%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1. 3%~25. 1%;田泥中除咪鲜胺之外,其余化合物的A. R.为64. 6%~104%,RSD为0. 9%~9. 5%;田水中除噻虫胺在低浓度、咪鲜胺和茚虫威在中、高加标浓度下的A. R.70%外,其余化合物的A. R.为71. 2%~101%,RSD为0. 9%~16. 9%。除田水中噻虫胺外,其余方法定量下限均不大于0. 01 mg/kg和0. 1μg/L。采用该法进行了莲藕田撒施10%异草松·异丙甲草胺·扑草净颗粒剂后的最终残留试验,结果表明:以有效成分剂量630 g a. i./ha和945 g a. i./ha施用1次后,异草松和异丙甲草胺在莲藕、莲子和莲叶中均无残留,扑草净在莲藕、莲子壳、莲子肉和莲叶样品中的残留量分别不超过0. 022、0. 166、0. 012、0. 181 mg/kg。     

The Mud Therapy in China: Beauty (Ⅰ)

从古代矿物美容的文献纪录、现代化妆品原料的演变和当代泥土美容的功效特点3个方面阐述了纯天然矿物美容的历史、地位和意义,并详细解析了29种泥、土、玉、石的物理特征、化学组成和养颜功用.章节如下:1.内外兼修的中国古代矿物美容术,包括:文献记述,用法举例,炮制与解毒,元素与美容.2.返朴归真的现代泥石美容术,包括:现代化妆品的发展趋势,第五代化妆品的特征.3.泥疗美容,包括:火山泥(海南火山矿泥、绿迪矿泥、五大连池矿泥、天行山土乳矿泥),运城死海泥,秀山滩涂海泥,青海圣湖黑泥,海藻泥.4.土疗美容,包括:绿泥土壤,红泥土壤,膨润土,海泡石黏土,伊利石黏土,高岭土,凹凸棒土,硅藻土,赤石脂.5.玉疗美容,包括:翡翠,软玉,琥珀,珍珠,黑曜石,寿山石.6.石疗美容,包括:麦饭石,累托石,蒙脱石,滑石,玄武石,砭石.附录:历代主要本草矿物药发展概况.本文篇幅较长,将分期刊出.     

中国莸属植物挥发油化学成分的研究 Ⅰ.兰香草、毛球莸、灰毛莸和小叶灰毛莸烯烃部分的气-质分析

莸属(Caryopteris Bunge)属马鞭草科,据文献[1]报道约有15种,分布于亚洲中部和东部,以我国最多.已知的有13种、2个变种和1个变型. 兰香草[C.incana(Thunb.)Miq.]1为莸属植物中分布最广的一种.全草供药用,可疏风解表、祛痰止咳、散瘀止痛;用于治疗蛇咬伤、疮肿、湿疹等症.毛球莸(G.trichosphaera W.W.Sm.)2、灰毛莸(C.forrestiii Diels)3和小叶灰毛莸(C.forrestii var.minor Pei et S.L.Chen ex C.Y.Wu)4,主要产于我国中部和西南部.     

水热法合成掺杂铁离子的小管径TiO_2纳米管

碳纳米管这种一维结构的新材料的发现为物理、化学、材料科学和纳米科学开辟了全新的研究领域。近年来,非碳无机类富勒烯(InorganicFullerene-like,简称IF)纳米管也受到人们的广泛关注。迄今为止报道的无机类富勒烯纳米管主要有:过渡金属硫化物(MS2,M=W,Mo,Nb)犤1～3犦、V2O5犤4犦、Al2O3犤5犦纳米管等。其中金属氧化物纳米管在催化、吸附、单电子晶体管等方面有着潜在的应用前景。TiO2纳米粉体和纳米膜材料在太阳能的存储与利用、光电转换、光致变色及光催化降解大气和水中的污染物等方面具有广泛的应用。为了提高其光催化活性和对…     

Preparation of nanocrystalline Fe-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> powders as a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst

Nanocrystalline Fe-doped TiO₂ powders were prepared using TiOSO₄, urea, and Fe(NO₃)₃ · 9H₂O as precursors through a hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized yellowish-colored powders are composed of anatase TiO₂, identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The grain size ranged from 9.7 to 12.1 nm, calculated by Scherrer’s method. The specific surface area ranged from 141 to 170 m²/g, obtained by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph of the sample shows that the diameter of the grains is uniformly distributed at about 10 nm, which is consistent with that calculated by Scherrer’s method. Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ have been detected on the surface of TiO₂ powders by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra indicate that the light absorption thresholds of the Fe-doped TiO₂ powders have been red-shifted into the visible light region. The photocatalytic activity of the Fe-doped TiO₂ was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The Fe-doped TiO₂ powders have shown good visible-light photocatalytic activities and the maximum degradation ratio is achieved within 4.5 h.     

Sol-Gel Nanosized Semiconducting Titania-Based Powders for Thick-Film Gas Sensors

Pure, 5 at%, and 10 at% Ta- or Nb-doped TiO₂ nanosized powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powders heated to 400°C have the crystalline anatase structure. While the pure TiO₂ powder heated to 850°C has the rutile structure, the addition of Ta and Nb inhibited the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation at this temperature. Ta was soluble in the titania lattice up to the concentration of 10 at%, while the solubility of Nb was 5 at%. Thick films were fabricated with these powders by screen printing technology and then fired at 650°C and 850°C for 1 h. SEM observations showed that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation induces a grain growth of about one order of magnitude for pure TiO₂. The addition of Ta and Nb is effective to keep the TiO₂ grain size at the nanometric level even at 850°C. Conductance measurements showed that a good gas response is observed only for the nanostructured titania-based films. The CO response of these materials is only slightly affected by humidity.     

Preparation and characterization of titania/tetratitanate nanocomposites

Nanocomposite titania/tetratitanate particles were prepared by utilizing the electrostatic interaction of the colloidal tetratitanate nanosheets and TiO₂ powders through dispersing TiO₂ into tetratitanate solution at pH4. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and photocatalytic activity measurement. The crystallites of Ti₄O₉^2? in the form of tetratitanate nanosheets have lateral size around 100 nm. The visible light responsive photocatalytic activity of rutile nanoparticles could be improved by forming nanocomposite with layered tetratitanate. The high specific surface area of this kind of composite and a certain amount of mesopores in nanocomposite powder could be responsible for better performance in the NO elimination.     

XAS investigation of tantalum and niobium in nanostructured TiO2 anatase

Sol-gel routes were used to prepare Ta 10 at% and Nb 5 at% and 10 at% doped titania nanosized powders. When fired between 410°C and 850°C the doped titania powders are in the anatase phase; further heating up to 1050°C is required to obtain the rutile phase. The presence of dopant atoms delays the rate of transformation as compared with pure titania powders. Doping also affects the rate of grain growth and increases the conductance response to gas. To better understand the role played by dopant atoms in inhibiting both phase transformation to rutile and grain growth, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy measurements were performed at the L_III-L_I absorption edges of Ta and Nb K absorption edge. Analysis was restricted to the anatase phase because the transformation to rutile phase, obtained by firing at 1050°C, is accompanied by the formation of undesired Ta and Nb oxides (Ta₂O₅ and Nb₂TiO₇, respectively). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy analysis results indicate that in nanostructured anatase both tantalum and niobium atoms substitute Ti cations with +5 valence state.     

In situ synthesis and characterization of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoarray films

Based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates prepared in different acidic solutions, highly ordered aligned titania nanotubes array films have been successfully prepared by the liquid phase deposition method. The effect of AAO template type on the microstructure of titania film have been studied. Using the template with a certain volume fraction of Al₂O₃ (less than 0.71), ordered aligned titania nanotubes were obtained, characterized with an outer diameter of 200 nm and an inner diameter of 100 nm, respectively. However, titania existed as ordered aligned nanorods with the diameter of 100 nm when the template with large volume fraction of Al₂O₃ (larger than 0.71) was used. TiO₂ thin films calcined at 400°C for 4 h have an anatase phase and exhibit good photocatalytic activity, i.e., 75% methylene blue could be degraded under ultraviolet irradiation for 2 h.     

Synthesis of visible-light reactive TiO2−xNy photocatalyst by mechanochemical doping

Yellowish TiO_2−xN_y was prepared by a novel mechanochemical nitrogen-doping method. The samples were prepared by a high-energy ball milling of P25 titania with different nitrogen sources such as hexamethylenetetramine, urea or ammonium carbonate, followed by calcination in air at 400 °C. The high mechanical energy accelerated the phase transformation of anatase to rutile, while the existence of the nitrogen reagents tended to block the transformation. The calcination treatment slightly increased the crystallinity of the prepared titania. The prepared powders possessed two absorption edges at around 400 and 540 nm and showed an excellent photocatalytic ability for the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide under visible light irradiation. Under the irradiation of visible light with wavelengths of >510 nm, nitrogen monoxide could be continuously removed by the nitrogen doped titania prepared from the P25 titania-hexamethylenetetramine mixture, while the powders prepared using urea and ammonium carbonate as nitrogen sources showed lower activities. This mechanochemical technique might be widely useful for doping oxides with nonmetallic elements.     

A Novel Route to the Synthesis of Mesoporous Titania with Full Anatase Nanocrystalline Domains

A porous, high surface area TiO₂ with anatase or rutile crystalline domains is advantageous for high efficiency photonic devices. Here, we report a new route to the synthesis of mesoporous titania with full anatase crystalline domains. This route involves the preparation of anatase nanocrystalline seed suspensions as the titania precursor and a block copolymer surfactant, Pluronic P123 as the template for the hydrothermal self-assembly process. A large pore (7–8 nm) mesoporous titania with a high surface area of 106–150 m²/g after calcination at 400°C for 4 h in air is achieved. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature decreases the surface area and creates larger pores. Characteristics of the seed precursors as well as the resultant mesoporous titania powder were studied using XRD analysis, N₂-adsorption/desorption analysis, and TEM. We believe these materials will be especially useful for photoelectrochemical solar cell and photocatalysis applications.     

Selective dissolution of TiO2 crystalline phases: Physicochemical characterization and photocatalytic activity

In this study, different commercially available TiO₂ powders (Degussa P25, pure anatase, and rutile) were submitted to selective dissolution treatments, with H₂O₂/NH₄OH and 10% HF, known to remove rutile and anatase from physical mixtures. The aim was to check whether a particular separation method designed to remove a specific crystalline phase influences the properties of the other phase from the mixture or not. More precisely, we have studied how the HF dissolution method designed to selectively remove the anatase affected the physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of rutile. In a similar way, the changes in the anatase properties were studied, after the H₂O₂/NH₄OH treatment, initially used to remove rutile from the mixture. All the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance (DR) ultraviolet–visible, and Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these powders was tested in the oxidation of p-chlorophenol from water. The selective treatment methods not only dissolved the target phase but also changed some physicochemical and the photocatalytic performances of the other TiO₂ crystalline phase in a considerable manner. These aspects should be taken into account in the studies regarding the synergistic effects of anatase and rutile, especially in reconstructed TiO₂ photocatalysts.     

A Blinking Mesoporous TiO2−x Composed of Nanosized Anatase with Unusually Long‐Lived Trapped Charge Carriers

A mesoporous TiO_2?x material comprised of small, crystalline, vacancy‐rich anatase nanoparticles (NPs) shows unique optical, thermal, and electronic properties. It is synthesized using polymer‐derived mesoporous carbon (PDMC) as a template. The PDMC pores serve as physical barriers during the condensation and pyrolysis of a titania precursor, preventing the titania NPs from growing beyond 10 nm in size. Unlike most titania nanomaterials, during pyrolysis the NPs undergo no transition from the anatase to rutile phase and they become catalytically active reduced TiO_2?x. When exposed to a slow electron beam, the NPs exhibit a charge/discharge behavior, lighting up and fading away for an average period of 15 s for an extended period of time. The NPs also show a 50 nm red‐shift in their UV/Vis absorption and long‐lived charge carriers (electrons and holes) at room temperature in the dark, even long after UV irradiation. The NPs as photocatalysts show a good activity for CO₂ reduction.