动态微波辅助顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定芹菜叶中的化学成分

采用动态微波辅助顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法测定芹菜叶中的挥发性和半挥发性化学成分。对水蒸气蒸馏、顶空固相微萃取、微波辅助顶空固相微萃取、动态微波辅助顶空固相微萃取等4种不同的前处理方法进行了比较,通过气相色谱-质谱分析,分别鉴定出20,17,36,41种化学成分,主要化合物为α-月桂烯、柠檬烯、β-顺式罗勒烯、β-芹子烯和(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇等。结果表明:动态微波辅助顶空固相微萃取是一种简单、快速、易操作,无需净化步骤,消耗样品量少,对于沸点较高的半挥发性物质的萃取效果优于微波辅助顶空固相微萃取的方法,可用于分析各类植物中的挥发性和半挥发性化学成分。     

芹菜籽香气成分研究

采用固相微萃取法萃取黑龙江产芹菜籽香气成分,然后用GC—MS进行成分分析,并与水蒸气蒸馏法获得的精油成分进行比较．用CAR on PDMS萃取柱进行顶空固相微萃取时,共检测出26种成分,鉴定出占总成份89．650％的20种成分,主要成分为柠檬烯（35．980％）,β-月桂烯（20．500％）,β-蛇床烯（16．160％）,正戊基苯（5．295％）,β-蒎烯（3．412％）,α-蛇床烯（3．293％）．水蒸汽蒸馏法提取芹菜籽,以1．18％产率获得精油,共检测出23个成分,鉴定出占总精油91．375％的18种成分,主要成分为柠檬烯（31．149％）,β-蛇床烯（22．281％）,对甲苯基异戊酸酯（14．944％）,α-2-丙烯基苯甲醇（9．872％）,β-月桂烯（4．324％）和α-蛇床烯（4．322％）．     

固相微萃取-GC-MS法和静态顶空-GC-MS法同时测定库尔勒香梨的香气成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)和静态顶空(SHS)两种方法采集新疆库尔勒香梨的挥发性成分,并对固相微萃取的萃取条件进行了优化,结合气相色谱-质谱联用进行分析鉴定,对总离子流色谱的峰面积进行归一化定量。结果表明,静态顶空(SHS)和固相微萃取(SPME)分别得到60种、85种挥发性成分,将两种方法结合起来能够较完整地描述库尔勒香梨的香气成分,α-金合欢烯、己酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、十五烷是两种萃取方式下共同测得的主要香气成分,是对库尔勒香梨呈香贡献的主要物质。     

辣椒油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用溶液进样和顶空固相微萃取进样，GC－MS分离鉴定，总离子流色谱的峰面积归一化法定量分析了辣椒油的化学成分；在溶液进样方法中，鉴定的主要成分相对含量依次为辣椒碱（37.0％）、亚麻酸乙酯（26.3%)、棕榈酸（10.9%)、二氢辣椒碱（10.1%)、邻苯二甲酸二乙基己基酯（1.2%)和硬脂酸（1.1%)等；在顶空固相微萃取方法中，鉴定的成分主要为易挥发的头香成分，依次为顺－2，4α,5,6,9,9α-六氢-3,5,5，9－四甲基－1H－苯并环庚烯（22.9%)、2，4α，5，6，7，8，9，9α－八氢－3，5，5－三乙基－1H苯并环庚烯（9.2%)、正十五烷（6.7%)、艾蒿脑（5.9%)、正戊酸己酯（5.2%)、正十六烷（3.3%)、麝香内酯（3.3%)、正十七烷（2.4%)及5，6，7，7α－四氢－4，4，7α－三甲基－2（4H)-苯并呋喃酮（2.2%)等。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法用于白术中挥发性成分的分析

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分离鉴定了白术中的挥发性成分,并与采用传统的水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取的挥发性成分进行了比较。实验中筛选了固相微萃取纤维头,优化了SPME的操作条件。样品在70 ℃下平衡30 min后,用65 μm聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯(PDMS-DVB)纤维头对白术样品顶空吸附30 min,于250 ℃下解吸4 min, 然后采用GC-MS对解吸物进行分离鉴定;采用HS-SPME-GC-MS鉴定出41种组分,占总峰面积的90.81%;采用SD-GC-MS鉴定出31个组分,占总峰面积的88.19%,且采用SD所提取的组分基本上都被固相微萃取所提取。结果表明, HS-SPME可取代耗时的SD用于白术中挥发性物质的提取。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对柑橘蜜中挥发性组分的定性和半定量分析

采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱法结合进行柑橘蜜中挥发性组分的定性和半定量分析。取柑橘蜜4.00g与水1.00g置于顶空瓶中,用DVB/CAR/PDMS纤维头作萃取头,将顶空瓶密封,在50℃水浴中搅拌10min,萃取50min。取出萃取头,插入气相色谱仪中于255℃解吸3.5min,经TG-5MS毛细管柱分离,质谱测定采用电子轰击离子化方式。用此方法分析了4种柑橘蜜样品,鉴定了72种挥发性组分,主要有醇、烃、酮、醛及酯类化合物,并确定柠檬烯、反式和顺式氧化芳樟醇、β-芳樟醇以及柠檬醛为其特征性成分。按方法对8种样品进行分析,测得各特征性成分的绝对峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.9%~20%之间。     

固相微萃取气质联用技术对卷烟烟丝和卷烟烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性成分的研究

采用固相微萃取－气相色谱－质谱（SPME－GC－MS）法对成品卷烟烟丝和卷烟烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定，并对鉴定出的70种成分和96种成分进行了比较。     

固相微萃取和同时蒸馏萃取与气相色谱/质谱法分析芥末膏制品的风味成分

采用固相微萃取和同时蒸馏萃取技术分离芥末膏制品的挥发性成分，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析鉴定，对总离子流色谱的峰面积进行归一化定量。共鉴定了２２种化学成分，占总峰面积的９９％以上，其中含硫化合物８种，含氮化物３种，含氧化合物１１种。最主要的成分是异硫氰酸烯丙酯，其次是丙二醇，其他主要成分还有对羟基二叔丁基甲苯、油酸、９－十六烯酸、棕榈酸、５－甲基甲氢噻吩－２酮、二烯丙基二硫化物，异硫氰酸苯乙酯等。比较了各种萃取技术对分析结果的影响，同时蒸馏萃取法不能分离出水溶性成分如丙二醇等，在固相微萃取方法中，聚二甲基硅氧烷纤维头对极性较强的成分的取样效果不理想，聚乙二醇－二乙烯苯纤维头顶空取样的萃取效果最好。     

顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定烟气中挥发性和半挥发性成分

提出了顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定烟气中挥发性和半挥发性成分。结合信息量最大的原则,确定了固相微萃取时萃取纤维头为碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅烷萃取纤维头,萃取温度为70℃,萃取时间为60min。在气相色谱分离中用Agilent DB-1色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用全扫描模式。结果表明:共鉴定出107种成分,含量最大的成分是烟碱(18.07%),其次是新植二烯(11.46%),主要的3类挥发性和半挥发性成分依次为苯系物、酮类以及杂环类。     

昆仑雪菊挥发物GC-MS分析

比较了水蒸气蒸馏法和固相微萃取法对昆仑雪菊发挥性成分萃取能力和萃取物种类的区别。分别利用水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)和顶空―固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)对昆仑雪菊挥发物进行萃取富集,用气相色谱―质谱法分析测定。结果表明,两种方法共提取、鉴定出65种化合物,其中水蒸气蒸馏法鉴定出49个化合物,顶空固相微萃取方法鉴定出35个化合物;两种方法相同的化合物共19个,占水蒸气蒸馏法鉴定化合物的78%,占固相微萃取法鉴定化合物的91%。两种提取方法得到的挥发物组分有部分差异,因此同时采用两种方法能够更加全面、完整地对昆仑雪菊的挥发性组分进行分析。     

Rapid determination of volatile constituents of Michelia alba flowers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction

The volatile constituents of Michelia alba flowers, including fresh flowers, frozen flowers and withered flowers, were investigated by GC-MS. The volatiles in a simulated natural environment were sampled by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), with a 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane fiber at 25+/-5 degrees C for 4 h. The fibers were desorbed in a GC injection liner at 250 degrees C for 3 min. With headspace SPME-GC-MS analysis, 61 peaks were separated. The main compounds in headspace of fresh Michelia alba flowers included alpha-myrcene, (S)-limonene, (R)-fenchone, linalool, camphor, caryophyllene, germacrene D, etc., a greater number of compounds than for frozen flowers and withered flowers. At the same time, the biomarkers of fresh flowers were compared with the frozen flowers and withered flowers. In this study, headspace SPME-GC-MS afforded a simple and more sensitive sampling method for fresh Michelia alba flowers and other fresh flowers.     

顶空气相色谱法测定输液器中环己酮残留

建立顶空气相色谱法测定输液器中环己酮残留量的分析方法。利用蠕动泵,以水为浸提介质,对输液器中的环己酮进行提取,采用顶空气相色谱法测定。色谱柱为Elite–5柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm),程序升温,初始温度为50℃保持3 min,以10℃/min升温至100℃,保持2 min,以20℃/min升温至170℃,保持2 min。FID检测器,检测器温度为250℃,进样口温度为230℃,分流比为5∶1,流量为2 m L/min,采用顶空进样。环己酮在0.494~98.700μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 9,方法定量限(S/N=10)为0.313μg/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.0%(n=6),24 h模拟输液样品平均回收率为98.9%,循环浸提样品平均加标回收率为99.4%。该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于一次性使用输液器中环己酮残留量的检测。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定葡萄中乙烯利的残留量

称取葡萄样品于预先加入氯化钠的顶空瓶中,再加入饱和氢氧化钾溶液,采用顶空-气相色谱法测定上述混合液中乙烯利的残留量。顶空温度为75℃,顶空时间为90min,采用HP-5色谱柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。乙烯利的质量浓度在0.500~50.0mg·L^-1内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.010 0mg·kg^-1。方法用于葡萄样品的分析,加标回收率为99.9%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.9%~3.5%。     

Use of solid-phase micro-extraction as a sampling technique in the determination of volatiles emitted by flowers,isolated flower parts and pollen

The volatiles emitted by fresh whole flowers or isolated flower parts of mandarin, Citrus deliciosa Ten. (Rutaceae), were sampled using solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). This technique offers several advantages over dynamic headspace sampling techniques used in previous investigations. In particular, SPME requires smaller sample sizes and very short sampling times, which can minimize the formation of artifacts due to damage to the plant, and contaminations or loss of compounds. This was especially applicable to the collection of volatiles from pollen.     

顶空气相色谱法测定粉状大豆磷脂中的丙酮残留量

 采用顶空气相色谱法测定大豆磷脂中的丙酮残留量。色谱柱为 2m× 3mmi d 内填GDX 10 3的不锈钢柱 ,柱温为 16 0℃。试验结果的相对标准偏差为 1 2 % ,在 2 5 0 μg/g～ 10 0 μg/g范围内 ,回收率为 98 4%～10 4%。     

碳纳米管顶空固相微萃取测定水中的多溴联苯醚

建立了顶空固相微萃取联结气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（HS-SPME-GC-ECD）测定水中多溴联苯醚的方法。制作了多壁碳纳米管涂层固相微萃取探头。优化了萃取时间,萃取温度,搅拌速度,顶空体积,溶液的pH,离子强度及有机溶剂等影响萃取效率的各种因素。比较了室温和100 ℃顶空萃取和直接萃取的效率。结果表明,室温下直接萃取比顶空萃取的效率高2-4倍,而在100 ℃时顶空萃取比直接萃取的效率高1-8倍。除BDE-154外,无论直接萃取还是顶空萃取,100 ℃时的萃取效率均高于室温。方法的线性范围50-1600 ng/L,相关系数为0.995-0.998,5种多溴联苯醚的最低检出限（S/N=3）为1.14-16.25 ng/L,相对标准偏差（RSD%,n=5）小于10%。本方法用于真实水样的测定,回收率为74.2%-98.7%。     

顶空固相微萃取气相-质谱法测定纺织品中防虫蛀剂的残留

 采用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相 质谱联用技术对纺织品中的挥发性防虫蛀剂的残留进行了测定。该方法对挥发性二氯苯和萘的检测限量为 1μg/kg ,回收率为 83 6 %～ 115 2 % ,相对标准偏差为 8 1%～ 9 8%。     

顶空气相法测定氯乙烯生产过程产生的盐酸溶液中的乙炔和氯乙烯

 采用顶空气相法测定了氯乙烯生产过程产生的盐酸溶液中的乙炔和氯乙烯。使用氢氧化钠将试样中的氯化氢中和 ,从而消除其在气相分析乙炔和氯乙烯中的影响。顶空平衡温度为 35℃ ,平衡时间为 4 5min ,柱为填充了GDX 2 0 2固定相的 2m× 3mmi d 不锈钢柱 ,柱温 14 0℃。顶空气体进样量为 1mL。以外标法定量 ,乙炔含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为 0 85 % ;当其含量为 30 0 μg/g～ 15 0 μg/g时 ,回收率为 98 9%～10 3%。氯乙烯含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为 1 4 % ;当其含量为 2 0 0 μg/g～ 10 0 μg/g时 ,回收率为 98 8%～10 2 %。     

Analysis of the Volatile Components in the Leaves of Cinna-momum camphora by Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Combined with Accurate Weight Measurement

The volatile components in the leaves of C. camphora were analyzed by static headspace‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS) combined with accurate weight measurement. Accurate weight measurement obtained by Time‐of‐Flight mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) helped to confirm the identification of volatiles in the analysis. 59 volatile components in the leaves of C. camphora were identified, which mainly included cis‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (5.6%), 3‐hexen‐1‐ol, acetate (Z) (11.1%), β‐caryophyllene (15.4%), bicyclogermarene (8.4%), trans‐nerolidol (19.5%) and 9‐oxofarnesol (7.7%). The results show that method using HS‐GC‐MS combined with accurate weight measurement achieves reliable identification and has extensive application in the analysis of volatile components present in complex samples.     

High-efficiency headspace sampling of volatile organic compounds in explosives using capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

A novel geometry configuration based on sorbent-coated glass microfibers packed within a glass capillary is used to sample volatile organic compounds, dynamically, in the headspace of an open system or in a partially open system to achieve quantitative extraction of the available volatiles of explosives with negligible breakthrough. Air is sampled through the newly developed sorbent-packed 2 cm long, 2 mm diameter capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV) and subsequently introduced into a commercially available thermal desorption probe fitted directly into a GC injection port. A sorbent coating surface area of ～5?×?10^?2 m² or 5,000 times greater than that of a single solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber allows for fast (30 s), flow-through sampling of relatively large volumes using sampling flow rates of ～1.5 L/min. A direct comparison of the new CMV extraction to a static (equilibrium) SPME extraction of the same headspace sample yields a 30 times improvement in sensitivity for the CMV when sampling nitroglycerine (NG), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and diphenylamine (DPA) in a mixture containing a total mass of 500 ng of each analyte, when spiked into a liter-volume container. Calibration curves were established for all compounds studied, and the recovery was determined to be ～1 % or better after only 1 min of sampling time. Quantitative analysis is also possible using this extraction technique when the sampling temperature, flow rate, and time are kept constant between calibration curves and the sample.