落叶松与白桦树中微量及稀土元素的ICP-MS检测方法研究

利用微波消解法处理植物灰分样品,讨论了混合酸组成、混酸配比、固液比和微波消解时间对样品制备结果的影响.优选微波消解方案:微波压力(MPa)0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0,消解时间(min)4、3、3、10的微波程序,混合酸体系HNO3-HCl-HF-HClO4(体积比为6 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1).在此条件下, 进行了方法准确度实验和测量结果重复性实验, 该方法经植物国家标准物质(GBW07603)验证,微量元素测试结果的相对误差为1.06% ～5.60%,相对标准偏差为0.87% ～5.25%;稀土元素测试结果的相对误差为1.82% ～10.2%,相对标准偏差为2.14% ～8.00%.应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定植物灰分中21种微量元素和15种稀土元素.结果表明, 微波消解法处理植物灰分样品, 具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点, 测定结果的准确度和精密度令人满意.     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中的铅镉铜

建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定植物染发剂中重金属铅、镉和铜的方法.采用L9(34)正交设计讨论了固液比、消解剂体积比、消解时间和消解压力对样品消解效果的影响,最佳的消解条件:固液比(g/mL)为1∶12,HNO3/H2O2(V/V)为4∶1,消解时间为5min,消解压力1.5MPa.在最佳微波消解条件下,进行了精密度实验、回收率实验,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.35%,回收率为96.67%~105.43%.微波消解法处理植物染发剂样品,试剂用量少、消解完全、快速、简便,而且测定结果的精密度、准确度较好.     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定植物灰分中微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定植物灰分中21种微量元素和15种稀土元素.用微波消解样品,对微波消解植物灰分样品的条件进行了试验.其优选微波消解条件为:微波压力为2 MPa,消解时间为10 min,以硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸(体积比为6比2比1比1)的混合酸消解样品,对0.100 0 g植物标准物质(GBW 07603)进行10次平行测定,微量元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在0.87%～5.96%之间,稀土元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.14%～8.00%之间.     

微波王水消解不赶酸原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷

采用微波消解土壤样品不赶酸的情况下利用原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷.结果表明:微波王水消解土壤样品不赶酸情况下,砷的测定值均在国家标准物质ESS-1的推荐值范围内.砷的线性范围分别为0.0～50.0μg/L,相关系数为r=0.9995.按称取0.2 g样品,定容至50 mL,求出砷检出限为0.5 mg/kg.砷回收率为93.4%～100.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=4)为0.39～4.56%.结果表明:微波王水消解不赶酸原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷,灵敏度高,操作简便快速,结果准确可靠.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)直接快速测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量,采用微波炉消解样品,试验了微波消解的条件.并对微波消解溶样和常规酸法溶样分别进行了测定和比较.方法的检出限为0.01～0.12 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.4%～4.6%.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定糖果中的铜及其不确定度评估

探索并建立快速检测糖果中铜含量的方法.干灰化,湿消解,微波消解糖果样,火焰原子吸收法测定铜,并对其不确定度进行评价.微波消解方法在精密度、准确度等方面优于干灰化,湿消解方法;用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定的检出限是0.0035μg/mL,相对标准偏差为2.49%(n=8),加标回收率99.13%～104.35%;铜在0.02～2.μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数在0.9998以上,其相对误差在允许范围内.     

微波消解-氢化物发生-ICP-AES法测定藏药湿生扁蕾中痕量铅

建立了微波消解-氢化物发生-ICP-AES法测定藏药湿生扁蕾中痕量铅的方法, 系统地研究了微波消解、氢化物发生的最佳条件, 方法简便快速, 检出限为0.68 μg/L, RSD为1.1%, 样品加标回收率为98.9%～99.8%.     

TXRF法测定松花粉中的9种生命元素

建立了微波消解前处理,全反射X射线荧光法(TXRF)同时测定松花粉中K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn和Rb9种生命元素含量的分析方法.松花粉原料经过微波消解前处理后,采用全反射X射线荧光光谱净计数、QXAS分析软件解谱和单一内标法进行定量分析.比较了干灰化法、湿消解法和微波消解法3种前处理方法的效果,并确立微波消解法作为样品前处理方法.用微波消解- TXRF法测定了花粉标准物质中的上述9种元素,并计算得到其仪器检出限(LLD)为0.002～0.054 mg/L,方法检出限(LDM)为0.004～0.122 mg/kg.TXRF法测定各元素的相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.0％～5.5％.该方法操作简单、样品用量少、检出限低,对实际样品松花粉的测定结果与ICP - MS法无显著性差异.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定食用植物油中铅和砷的含量

采用改进的微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,实现了对植物油中铅、砷的定量测定,弥补了微波消解植物油前处理不彻底的不足。铅、砷浓度在0～50μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r≥0.999),相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～4.9%,加标回收率为81.0%～109%,检出限分别为1.11μg/kg和0.90μg/kg,能满足现有标准的检测要求。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.