氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定1：5万区域地质调查样品中的As、Sb、Bi、Hg等4种元素

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定1∶5万区域地质调查样品中的As、Sb、Bi、Hg等4种元素的分析方法,通过采用王水(1+1)分解样品,在盐酸(5%)介质中用硼氢化钾作为还原剂对As、Sb、Bi、Hg等4种元素进行氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定。方法检出限为0.008 9(As)、0.008 1(Sb)、0.008 1(Bi)、0.001 7(Hg)μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.82%～7.6%,准确度△lgC=-0.01～0.02。方法简便、成本低,检测结果准确,检出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业规范要求,适用于1∶5万区域地质调查样品水系沉积物、土壤中As、Sb、Bi、Hg等4种元素的测定。     

泡塑富集微量钽研究及其在化探分析中的应用

前言化探样中钽的分析,对于研究岩石、土壤、水系沉积物中钽的分布很有意义。作者曾报道过泡塑富集微量钽的化学光谱法。在此基础上,作者研究了泡塑富集与光谱测定条件,改善了方法精密度与准确度,因而使本法有可能成为化探测试微量钽的简便快速方法之一。     

硬质合金中微量稀土元素总量的测定

本文采用偶氮氯膦Ⅲ比色法,测定硬质合金中微量稀土元素,並对其主体元素钨、钼、钛、钴、钽和铌等在测定条件下的行为进行了研究。试验结果表明,以硝酸、氢氟酸分步分解试样,用氟化铵代替氢氟酸沉淀稀土元素而与共存元素分离,可避免钴的共沉淀。方法易于掌握,有较高的准确度和精密度。对三个试样(其稀土含量在0.09～5%范围内),由不同分析人员以该法进行了80余次单次测定,相对偏差为11～5%。主要试剂盐酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液(pH=2);偶氮氯膦Ⅲ溶液—0.02%,乙醇(8+92)溶液;混合稀土标准溶液(10微克/毫升)—按Y∶La∶Ce=50:     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定金红石单矿物中痕量稀土元素

提出了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定金红石单矿物中痕量稀土元素。样品经过氧化钠熔融,用水浸出,以过氧化氢络合除去钛,经氢型阳离子交换树脂分离富集稀土元素。采用内标法消除基体影响。方法的检出限(3s/k)在0.001～0.062μg.L-1之间。应用此法测定了13份金红石样品中稀土元素的含量,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=13)均小于3.0%。     

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)直接测定高纯稀土荧光粉中微量杂质元素

建立了一种碱熔样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)直接分析稀土荧光粉中微量杂质元素(非稀土杂质和稀土杂质元素)的新方法。采用Na2CO3-H3BO3混合熔剂对样品进行分解,熔块由HNO3(2+3)提取后定容,优化了最佳的熔融温度和熔样时间。用ICP-MS标准曲线法直接测定。方法的检出限非稀土元素为0.007~0.952μg/g,稀土元素为0.001~0.057μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)12%。方法预处理简单、检出限低、重现性好,为高纯稀土荧光粉成品的质量控制提供了可靠的分析手段。     

氟化氢铵消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的钨锡钼

建立了氟化氢铵消解地球化学样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC P-M S)法测定样品中钨、锡和钼的方法.方法经过国家土壤和水系沉积物标准参考物质验证,方法的检出限钨为0.048μg/g、锡为0.079μg/g、钼为0.063μg/g,准确度(相对误差)钨为0.64％ ～6.28％、锡为0.29％ ～3.74％、钼为2.1...     

高频红外碳硫仪测定区域地球化学样品中的硫

高频红外碳硫仪由于便捷高效,常应用于区域地球化学样品中硫的分析检测。本文采用高频红外碳硫仪测定低中高含量的硫,以纯铁屑、锡粒和钨粒为助熔剂,对样品称样量、助熔剂的种类、加入顺序和用量等因素进行探讨,确定了最佳分析岩石、土壤和水系沉积物中硫含量的条件,并且用国家一级标准物质验证了该方法的准确度和精密度。结果表明,当样品和助熔剂的加入顺序和质量分别为：0.05 g样品、0.5 g铁助熔剂、1.7 g钨粒时,土壤和水系沉积物中硫的测定结果最稳定,岩石标准样品额外的加入0.5 g锡改善样品流动性,提高分析准确度。该方法的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于6%（n= 12）,相对误差绝对值小于8%。此方法具有操作简单、高效、稳定性好的特点,适合于大批量区域地球化学样品中硫的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定岩石中的稀土元素

样品用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸密闭分解,加入硫酸至冒烟,冷却后制备成硝酸介质溶液,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm;用过氧化钠熔融分解,水提取沉淀分离,沉淀用硝酸溶解,使用ICP-MS法测定Y,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu。根据岩石标准物质的分析结果评价方法的准确度和精密度。方法检出限(6σ)为0.002~0.021μg/g,相对标准偏差(n=12)为1.2%~9.6%,方法可用于批量岩石中稀土元素的测定。     

基于微波消解/电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中全磷

建立了微波消解/电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)碰撞池(CCT~(ked))测定土壤中全磷的方法,采用内标法定量。用土壤标准物质验证了方法的准确度与精密度。方法的线性范围为0～2 000μg/L,检出限为5μg/L,土壤样品的检出限为2.5μg/g。土壤基质溶液的加标回收率为94.0%～103%。该方法与钼锑抗分光光度法无显著性差异,具有灵敏度高、简便、快速的特点。     

巯基棉分离技术在氢化物原子荧光法测定痕量砷中的应用

利用巯基棉对砷有良好分离性能和易于操作的特点,将含砷的试剂溶液用巯基棉过滤除砷,试验证明,溶液经巯基棉过滤,能有效分离试剂中砷,使试剂空白含砷量大大降低,提高了分析数据的准确度,方法简单、快速、易行,已用于水系沉积物、土壤、岩石等试样中痕量砷的测定,效果良好.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。